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Food Biotechnology - Crossing an individual with one of its parents or with the genetically equivalent organism. The offspring of such a cross are referred to as the backcross generation or backcross progeny.
UN Food and Agriculture Organization - Cite This Source - This Definition - Crossing an organism with one of its parent organisms.
Susan Allender-Hagedorn and Charles Hagedorn - Cite This Source - This Definition - Browse Related Terms: cross, cross-breeding, cross-over, dihybrid, F1, Hybrid, hybrid seed, intragenic complementation, monohybrid cross, P1, P2, segregant, Selective breeding, transgressive variation, tri-hybrid
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Human Genome
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Food Biotechnology - A second mutation at the same site in a gene as the original mutation. The second mutation restores the wild-type protein sequence.
UN Food and Agriculture Organization - Cite This Source - This Definition - Browse Related Terms: amorph, deletion, down promoter mutation, frameshift mutation, heteroallele, hypomorph, insertion mutation, Insertion mutations, mutable gene, Mutation, mutation pressure, neutral mutation, neutral theory, null mutation, Point mutation, polar mutation, silent mutation, Site-directed mutagenesis, somatic hypermutation, spontaneous mutation
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Stem Cell - Any of numerous unicellular microorganisms, existing either as free living organisms or as parasites, and having a broad range of biochemical, often pathogenic properties.
The President's Council on Bioethics - Cite This Source - This Definition - Browse Related Terms: apoptosis, Mutagenicity, Mycoplasma, Nodal, node, Phenotype, Phenotypic characteristics, Telomere
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Human Genome - A vector used to clone DNA fragments (100- to 300-kb insert size; average, 150 kb) in Escherichia coli cells. Based on naturally occurring F-factor plasmid found in the bacterium E. coli. See also: cloning vector
Human Genome Project - Cite This Source - This Definition - Large segments of DNA, 100,000 to 200,000 bases, from another species cloned into bacteria. Once the foreign DNA has been cloned into the host bacteria, many copies of it can be made. See also chromosome, cloning, genome
National Human Genome Research Institute - Cite This Source - This Definition - Browse Related Terms: bacteriophage, cloning vector, cosmid, gene transfer, P1-derived artificial chromosome (PAC), phage, plasmid, Retroviral infection, Transfection, Vector, Virus, yeast artificial chromosome (YAC)
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Food Biotechnology - A protein produced by bacteria of one strain and active against those of a closely related strain.
UN Food and Agriculture Organization - Cite This Source - This Definition - Browse Related Terms: casein, chimeric protein, denatured protein, enterotoxin, G protein, G-protein coupled receptor, heterologous protein, homomultimer, hypervariable segment, mycoprotein, native protein, pathogenesis related protein, PR protein, Protein kinase, temperature-sensitive protein
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Food BiotechnologyAll >
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Human Genome - See: phage
Human Genome Project - Cite This Source - This Definition - Browse Related Terms: bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC), cloning vector, cosmid, gene transfer, P1-derived artificial chromosome (PAC), phage, plasmid, Retroviral infection, Transfection, Vector, Virus, yeast artificial chromosome (YAC)
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Food Biotechnology - (pl.: bacteria) nicellular prokaryotic organisms, without a distinct nucleus. Major distinctive groups are defined by Gram staining. Also classified on the basis of oxygen requirement (aerobic vs anaerobic) and shape (spherical = coccus; rodlike = bacillus; spiral = spirillum; comma-shaped = vibrio; corkscrew-shaped = spirochaete; filamentous).
UN Food and Agriculture Organization - Cite This Source - This Definition - A single-celled, microscopic prokaryotic organism: a single cell organism without a distinct nucleus.
Susan Allender-Hagedorn and Charles Hagedorn - Cite This Source - This Definition - Browse Related Terms: Aerobe, Aerobic, Anaerobe, anaerobic, anaerobic digestion, anaerobic respiration, Archaea, biological oxygen demand, facultative anaerobe
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Food Biotechnology - A class of insect virus used to make DNA cloning vectors for gene expression in eukaryotic cells. Production of a target protein can be up to 50% of the cells' protein content, and several proteins can be made simultaneously, so that multi-sub-unit enzymes can be made by this system.
UN Food and Agriculture Organization - Cite This Source - This Definition - Browse Related Terms: BEV, co-suppression, DNA construct, expression system, polygalacturonase, Prion-related protein (PrP), silencing, Transfection, transient expression