Biotechnology and Genetics definitions beginning with K

The chromosome constitution of a cell, an individual, or of a related group of individuals, as defined both by the number and the morphology of the chromosome s, usually in mitotic metaphase; chromosomes arranged in order of length and according to position of centromere; also, the abbreviated formula for the chromosome constitution, such as 47, + 21 for human trisomy-21 (Down's syndrome).
UN Food and Agriculture Organization - Cite This Source - This Definition
All of the chromosomes in a cell or an individual organism, visible through a microsope during cell division.
Susan Allender-Hagedorn and Charles Hagedorn - Cite This Source - This Definition
Browse Related Terms: anaphase, B chromosome, cell cycle, fission, interphase, micronucleus, Mitosis, telophase

A photomicrograph of an individual's chromosomes arranged in a standard format showing the number, size, and shape of each chromosome type; used in low-resolution physical mapping to correlate gross chromosomal abnormalities with the characteristics of specific diseases.
Human Genome Project - Cite This Source - This Definition
The chromosomal complement of an individual, including the number of chromosomes and any abnormalities. The term is also used to refer to a photograph of an individual's chromosomes. See also chromosome
National Human Genome Research Institute - Cite This Source - This Definition
Browse Related Terms: Chromosomal deletion, cytogenetic map, Cytogenetics, deletion, Flow karyotyping, insertion, spectral karyotype (SKY)

The full set of chromosomes of a cell arranged with respect to size, shape, and number.
DHHS - Cite This Source - This Definition
The chromosome characteristics (number, shape, etc) of an individual cell or cell line, usually presented as a systematized array in pairs.
The President's Council on Bioethics - Cite This Source - This Definition
Browse Related Terms: aneuploid, Autosome, diploid, Diploid human cell, haploid, metaphase, Mitosis, X inactivation, Y-chromosome

Also listed in

The catalytic rate constant that characterizes an enzyme-catalysed reaction. The larger the k_cat value, the faster the conversion of substrate into product.
UN Food and Agriculture Organization - Cite This Source - This Definition
Browse Related Terms: kcat/Km, Km, Vmax

The catalytic efficiency of an enzyme-catalysed reaction. The greater the value of k_cat/K_m, the more rapidly and efficiently the substrate is converted into product.
UN Food and Agriculture Organization - Cite This Source - This Definition
Browse Related Terms: kcat, kcat/Km, Km, Vmax

Abbreviation for dissociation constant. Describes the strength of binding (or affinity) between molecules and their ligands . See: avidity.
UN Food and Agriculture Organization - Cite This Source - This Definition
Browse Related Terms: antibody binding site, avidity, Binding, immunotherapy, paratope, receptor

Cells that synthesize keratin and are found in the skin, hair, and nails. A fibrous protein is produced by keratinocytes and may be hard or soft. The hard keratin is found in hair and nails. The soft keratin is found in the epidermis of the skin in the form of flattened non-nucleated scales that slough continually.
DHHS - Cite This Source - This Definition
Browse Related Terms: epithelium, Keratin, melanocyte, microtubule, Osteocalcin (OC), Signal transduction pathways, Tenocyte, Transaminase