Biotechnology and Genetics definitions beginning with R

Biotechnology and Genetics (4,851) : A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z # Definitions 1 - 20 of 186 beginning with R

R1 - permalink - collapse

All > Science > Biotechnology and Genetics > Food Biotechnology

The first-generation offspring of a recombinant (genetically modified) organism. Not standard terminology. See: T₀, T₁, and T₂.
UN Food and Agriculture Organization - Cite This Source - This Definition
Browse Related Terms: Biological boundaries, deliberate release, gene gun, genetically modified organism, Genetically modified organism (GMO, glycoalkaloids, GM food, GMO, onco-mouse

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All > Technology > Storage

race - permalink - collapse

All > Science > Biotechnology and Genetics > Food Biotechnology

A distinguishable group of organisms of a particular species. Criteria for distinctness can be one or a combination of geographic, ecological, physiological, morphological, genetic and karyotypic factors.
UN Food and Agriculture Organization - Cite This Source - This Definition
Browse Related Terms: eugenics, F factor, genetic equilibrium, isolating mechanism, screen, velogenetics

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All > Technology > Defense

raceme - permalink - collapse

All > Science > Biotechnology and Genetics > Food Biotechnology

An inflorescence in which the main axis is elongated but the flowers are borne on pedicels that are about equal in length.
UN Food and Agriculture Organization - Cite This Source - This Definition
Browse Related Terms: bract, inflorescence, panicle, pedicel, peduncle, perennial, petal, pyrethrins, receptacle, spike, spikelet, vernalization

rachilla - permalink - collapse

All > Science > Biotechnology and Genetics > Food Biotechnology

Shortened axis of a spikelet.
UN Food and Agriculture Organization - Cite This Source - This Definition
Browse Related Terms: agarose, determinate growth, dicot, dicotyledon, epicotyl, plus tree, stem

rachis - permalink - collapse

All > Science > Biotechnology and Genetics > Food Biotechnology

Main axis of a spike; axis of fern leaf (frond) from which pinnae arise; in compound leaves, the extension of the petiole corresponding to the midrib of an entire leaf.
UN Food and Agriculture Organization - Cite This Source - This Definition
Browse Related Terms: chlorenchyma, gibberellins, lamina, leaf blade, leaf bud cutting, leaf margin, leaf primordium, leaf scar, meristele, mesophyll, petiole, phytochrome, sporophyll

Radiation hybrid - permalink - collapse

All > Science > Biotechnology and Genetics > Human Genome

A hybrid cell containing small fragments of irradiated human chromosomes. Maps of irradiation sites on chromosomes for the human, rat, mouse, and other genomes provide important markers, allowing the construction of very precise STS maps indispensable to studying multifactorial diseases. See also: sequence tagged site
Human Genome Project - Cite This Source - This Definition
Browse Related Terms: candidate gene, contig, Contig map, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), Gene, Morbid map, positional cloning

radiation hybrid cell panel - permalink - collapse

All > Science > Biotechnology and Genetics > Food Biotechnology

(Abbreviation: RH). A somatic cell hybrid panel in which the chromosomes from the species of interest have been fragmented by irradiation prior to cell fusion. The resultant small fragments of chromosomes greatly increase the power of physical map ping in the species of interest.
UN Food and Agriculture Organization - Cite This Source - This Definition
Browse Related Terms: amphidiploid, asymmetric hybrid, cell fusion, cell hybridization, cybrid, DNA micro-array, parasexual hybridization, protoplast fusion, somatic cell hybrid panel, somatic hybridization

radiation oncologist - permalink - collapse

All > Science > Biotechnology and Genetics > Stem Cell

A doctor who specializes in using radiation to treat disease.
Cancer Treatment Centers of America - Cite This Source - This Definition
Browse Related Terms: Hematological Oncologist, hematologist, intravenous

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radicle - permalink - collapse

All > Science > Biotechnology and Genetics > Food Biotechnology

The portion of the plant embryo which develops into the primary root.
UN Food and Agriculture Organization - Cite This Source - This Definition
Browse Related Terms: epiphyte, fibrous root, hydroponics, layering, mist propagation, pre-transplant, Rhizosphere, Root, root culture, root cutting, root hairs, root tuber, root zone, secondary root, tap root, vermiculite

radioimmunoassay - permalink - collapse

All > Science > Biotechnology and Genetics > Food Biotechnology

(Abbreviation: RIA). An assay based on the use of a radioactively labelled antibody, where the amount of radiation detected indicates the amount of target substance present in the sample.
UN Food and Agriculture Organization - Cite This Source - This Definition
Browse Related Terms: mAb, monoclonal antibody, RIA

All > Science > Biotechnology and Genetics > Stem Cell

A sensitive method of determining the concentration of a substance, particularly a protein-bound hormone, in blood plasma.
DHHS - Cite This Source - This Definition
Browse Related Terms: Cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk protein), Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), glycoprotein, mitochondria, Mitochondrial proteins, Myosin, Ribosome, Translation, Trypsin

radioisotope - permalink - collapse

All > Science > Biotechnology and Genetics > Food Biotechnology

An unstable isotope that emits ionizing radiation. Synonym: radioactive isotope.
UN Food and Agriculture Organization - Cite This Source - This Definition
Browse Related Terms: emission wavelength, excitation wavelength, fluorescent probe, intensifying screen, intersex, protocol

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All > Medicine > Cancer

raft culture - permalink - collapse

All > Science > Biotechnology and Genetics > Food Biotechnology

See: nurse culture.
UN Food and Agriculture Organization - Cite This Source - This Definition
Browse Related Terms: axenic culture, bridge, co-culture, dual culture, micro-carrier, nurse culture, paper raft technique, reversal transfer

ramet - permalink - collapse

All > Science > Biotechnology and Genetics > Food Biotechnology

An individual member of a clone, descended from the ortet.
UN Food and Agriculture Organization - Cite This Source - This Definition
Browse Related Terms: clonal propagation, Clone, dimorphism, germplasm, mass selection, negative selection, offspring, Species

random amplified polymorphic DNA - permalink - collapse

All > Science > Biotechnology and Genetics > Food Biotechnology

(Abbreviation: RAPD). A PCR -based genotyping technique in which genomic template is amplified with single, short (usually 10-mer) randomly chosen primers. Typical patterns consist of a small number of amplified products of up to 2 kbp in length, which are separated by electrophoresis.
UN Food and Agriculture Organization - Cite This Source - This Definition
Browse Related Terms: AFLP, amplified fragment length polymorphism, arbitrary primer, CAPS, cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence, exon amplification, PCR-RFLP, RAPD, SCAR, sequence characterized amplified region, sequence-tagged site, single primer amplification reaction

random genetic drift - permalink - collapse

All > Science > Biotechnology and Genetics > Food Biotechnology

See: genetic drift.
UN Food and Agriculture Organization - Cite This Source - This Definition
Browse Related Terms: drift, Genetic drift, genetic erosion, quantum speciation

random mutagenesis - permalink - collapse

All > Science > Biotechnology and Genetics > Food Biotechnology

A non-directed change of one or more nucleotide pairs in a DNA molecule.
UN Food and Agriculture Organization - Cite This Source - This Definition
Browse Related Terms: biotin labelling, biotinylated-DNA, chimeric DNA, co-integrate, genetic complementation, nucleosome, Recombinant DNA molecules (rDNA), sonication, ultrasonication

random primer method - permalink - collapse

All > Science > Biotechnology and Genetics > Food Biotechnology

A method for labelling DNA probes, mainly for Southern hybridization experiments. A mixture of short oligonucleotides is hybridized to a single-stranded DNA probe. In the presence of DNA polymerase and deoxyribonucleotides - one of which is labelled - DNA synthesis then generates labelled copies of probe DNA.
UN Food and Agriculture Organization - Cite This Source - This Definition
Browse Related Terms: colony hybridization, DNA probe, heterologous probe, in situ colony, Isotope, Multi-locus probe, nucleic acid probe, Probe

RAPD - permalink - collapse

All > Science > Biotechnology and Genetics > Food Biotechnology

Abbreviation for random amplified polymorphic DNA.
UN Food and Agriculture Organization - Cite This Source - This Definition
Browse Related Terms: AFLP, amplified fragment length polymorphism, arbitrary primer, CAPS, cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence, exon amplification, PCR-RFLP, random amplified polymorphic DNA, SCAR, sequence characterized amplified region, sequence-tagged site, single primer amplification reaction

Rare-cutter enzyme - permalink - collapse

All > Science > Biotechnology and Genetics > Human Genome

See: restriction-enzyme cutting site
Human Genome Project - Cite This Source - This Definition
Browse Related Terms: Endonuclease, Long-Range Restriction Mapping, Macrorestriction map, Restriction-enzyme cutting site, Restriction enzyme, endonuclease, restriction enzymes, Restriction-fragment-length polymorphism (RFLP)

rate-limiting enzyme - permalink - collapse

All > Science > Biotechnology and Genetics > Food Biotechnology

The enzyme whose activity controls the output of final product from a multi-enzyme metabolic pathway.
UN Food and Agriculture Organization - Cite This Source - This Definition
Browse Related Terms: allosteric enzyme, allozyme, apoenzyme, end-product inhibition, holoenzyme

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