Biotechnology and Genetics definitions beginning with Z

Biotechnology and Genetics (4,851) : A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z # Definitions 1 - 15 of 15 beginning with Z

Z-DNA - permalink - collapse

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A form of DNA, in which the double helix is wound in a left-hand, instead of a right-hand, manner. DNA adopts the Z conformation when purines and pyrimidines alternate on each strand, e.g. 5'CGCGCGCG 3' or 3'GCGCGCGC5'. Synonym: zig-zag DNA.
UN Food and Agriculture Organization - Cite This Source - This Definition
A region of DNA that is "flipped" into a lefthanded helix, characterized by alternating purines and pyrimidines, and which may be the target of a DNA-binding protein.
Susan Allender-Hagedorn and Charles Hagedorn - Cite This Source - This Definition
Browse Related Terms: beta-DNA, ccc DNA, Copy DNA, Deoxyribonucleic acid, DNA delivery system, DNA vaccine, gyrase, junk DNA, Ligate, Nuclein, Transfer DNA, Tumor DNA, zig-zag DNA

zig-zag DNA - permalink - collapse

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See: Z-DNA.
UN Food and Agriculture Organization - Cite This Source - This Definition
Browse Related Terms: beta-DNA, ccc DNA, Copy DNA, Deoxyribonucleic acid, DNA delivery system, DNA vaccine, gyrase, junk DNA, Ligate, Nuclein, Transfer DNA, Tumor DNA, Z-DNA

zinc finger - permalink - collapse

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A DNA-binding protein motif, characterized by two closely spaced cysteine and two histidine residues that serve as ligands for a single Zn²⁺ ion. When bound, the structure takes on a conformation in which amino acid side chains protrude in a way that allows interaction with the DNA major groove.
UN Food and Agriculture Organization - Cite This Source - This Definition
Browse Related Terms: conformation, Denature, disulphide bond, disulphide bridge, primary structure, secondary structure, tertiary structure

Zinc-finger protein - permalink - collapse

All > Science > Biotechnology and Genetics > Human Genome

A secondary feature of some proteins containing a zinc atom; a DNA-binding protein.
Human Genome Project - Cite This Source - This Definition
Browse Related Terms: Alternative splicing, Domain, proteomics, Recombinant DNA molecules, Repressor

Zona pellucida - permalink - collapse

All > Science > Biotechnology and Genetics > Stem Cell

A thick, transparent noncellular layer that surrounds and protects the oocyte.
DHHS - Cite This Source - This Definition
Browse Related Terms: Anterior visceral endoderm (AVE), Cavitation, Gastrulation, Neuroepithelium, Trophectoderm

zone of elongation - permalink - collapse

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The section of the young root or shoot just behind the apical meristem, in which the cells are enlarging and elongating rapidly.
UN Food and Agriculture Organization - Cite This Source - This Definition
Browse Related Terms: Apex, apical cell, apical meristem, auxin, corpus, meristem, pro-meristem, protomeristem, root apex, root cap, virus-free

zoo blot - permalink - collapse

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Hybridization of cloned DNA from one species to DNA from a range of other organisms to determine the extent to which the cloned DNA is evolutionarily conserved.
UN Food and Agriculture Organization - Cite This Source - This Definition
Browse Related Terms: animal cloning, Cloning, cloning vehicle, co-cloning, forced cloning, Megabase cloning, Molecular cloning, recombinant DNA technology, Subcloning

zoo FISH - permalink - collapse

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Fluorescence in situ hybridization technique, probing metaphase chromosome s of one species with DNA from another species. The technique allows inferences to be made regarding the evolutionary relationships between species. See: Fluorescence in situ hybridization.
UN Food and Agriculture Organization - Cite This Source - This Definition
Browse Related Terms: chromosomal aberration, chromosomal polymorphism, chromosome mutation, fluorescence in situ hybridization, hybrid dysgenesis, X-linked disease

zoonosis - permalink - collapse

All > Science > Biotechnology and Genetics > Food Biotechnology

A disease that is communicable from animals to humans.
UN Food and Agriculture Organization - Cite This Source - This Definition
Browse Related Terms: degeneration, disease-free, disease-indexing, endemic, epizootic, functional food, germ, gluten, haemophilia, hypoplastic, inactivated agent, leaf roll, phytosterol, replacement therapy, stomatal index, Virulence

zoospore - permalink - collapse

All > Science > Biotechnology and Genetics > Food Biotechnology

A spore that possesses flagella and is therefore motile.
UN Food and Agriculture Organization - Cite This Source - This Definition
Browse Related Terms: ascospore, ascus, conidium, ditype, eclosion, indehiscent, oospore, Spore, tetrad, tetratype

zygonema - permalink - collapse

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Stage of meiotic prophase during which chromosome synapsis occurs.
UN Food and Agriculture Organization - Cite This Source - This Definition
Browse Related Terms: asynapsis, autopolyploid, bivalent, chiasma, meiotic analysis, pairing, quadrivalent, recombination, Synapsis, synaptonemal complex, terminalization, unequal crossing over

zygospore - permalink - collapse

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A thick-walled resistant spore developing from a zygote resulting from the fusion of gamete s in the course of isogamy.
UN Food and Agriculture Organization - Cite This Source - This Definition
Browse Related Terms: amphimixis, Gamete, gametogenesis, isogamy, life cycle, maturation, Meiosis, meiotic product

zygote - permalink - collapse

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A fertilized oocyte.
USDA CSREES - Cite This Source - This Definition
The diploid cell formed by the fusion of two haploid gamete s during fertilization in eukaryotic organisms with sexual reproduction.
UN Food and Agriculture Organization - Cite This Source - This Definition
Browse Related Terms: androgenesis, asexual propagation, egg, fertilization, germ line gene therapy, karyogamy, polyspermy, pro-nucleus, Pronucleus, reproduction, Sexual reproduction

All > Science > Biotechnology and Genetics > Stem Cell

A cell formed by the union of male and female germ cells (sperm and egg, respectively).
DHHS - Cite This Source - This Definition
The diploid cell that results from the fertilization of an egg cell by a sperm cell.
The President's Council on Bioethics - Cite This Source - This Definition
The cell that results from the union of sperm and egg during fertilization. Cell division begins after the zygote forms.
ISSCR - Cite This Source - This Definition
Browse Related Terms: Egg cylinder, Haploid human cell, in vitro fertilization, In vitro fertilization (IVF), Meiosis, oocyte, parthenogenesis, Polar Body, syngamy

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zygotene - permalink - collapse

All > Science > Biotechnology and Genetics > Food Biotechnology

(adj.) See: zygonema.
UN Food and Agriculture Organization - Cite This Source - This Definition
Browse Related Terms: allelic, autotrophic, ciliate, diplotene, disomic, eucaryote, eucaryotic, heterozygous, homozygous, leptotene, nullisomic, oestrous, pachytene, parenchymatous, phytoparasitic, pleiotropic, septate, trisomic, viviparous

zymogen - permalink - collapse

All > Science > Biotechnology and Genetics > Food Biotechnology

Inactive enzyme precursor that after secretion is chemically altered to the active form of the enzyme.
UN Food and Agriculture Organization - Cite This Source - This Definition
Browse Related Terms: allosteric regulation, allosteric site, catalytic site, co-factor, Coenzyme (cofactor), Cofactor, enzyme stabilization, hydrophobic interaction, ligand, metalloenzyme, tautomeric shift, Transition-state intermediate

Biotechnology and Genetics (4,851) : A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z #