Cholesterol definitions beginning with I

The frequency with which something, such as a disease, appears in a particular population or area. In disease epidemiology, the incidence is the number of newly diagnosed cases during a specific time period. The incidence is distinct from the prevalence which refers to the number of cases alive on a certain date.
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In medicine, to make a treatment or procedure advisable because of a particular condition or circumstance. For example, certain medications are indicated for the treatment of hypertension during pregnancy while others are contraindicated .
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A basic way in which the body reacts to infection, irritation or other injury, the key feature being redness, warmth, swelling and pain. Inflammation is now recognized as a type of nonspecific immune response.
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Browse Related Terms: Abdominal, Abdominal aortic aneurysm, Aneurysm, Aortic, Aortic aneurysm, Brain, Carotid, Cerebral, Heart, Muscle

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A natural hormone made by the pancreas that controls the level of the sugar glucose in the blood. Insulin permits cells to use glucose for energy. Cells cannot utilize glucose without insulin.
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a hormone that is needed to convert sugar, starches, and other food into energy
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Browse Related Terms: Blood glucose, Diabetes, Diabetes mellitus, Estrogen, Fat, Glucose, Insulin resistance, Starch, Type 2 diabetes

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The diminished ability of cells to respond to the action of insulin in transporting glucose (sugar) from the bloodstream into muscle and other tissues. Insulin resistance typically develops with obesity and heralds the onset of type 2 diabetes . It is as if insulin is "knocking" on the door of muscle. The muscle hears the knock, opens up, and lets glucose in. But with insulin resistance, the muscle cannot hear the knocking of the insulin (the muscle is "resistant"). The pancreas makes more insulin, which increases insulin levels in the blood and causes a louder "knock." Eventually, the pancreas produces far more insulin than normal and the muscles continue to be resistant to the knock. As long as one can produce enough insulin to overcome this resistance, blood glucose levels remain normal. Once the pancreas is no longer able to keep up, blood glucose starts to rise, initially after meals, eventually even in the fasting state. Type 2 diabetes is now overt.
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Browse Related Terms: Blood glucose, Diabetes, Diabetes mellitus, Estrogen, Fat, Glucose, Insulin, Starch, Type 2 diabetes

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The long, tubelike organ in the abdomen that completes the process of digestion. It consists of the small and large intestines.
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