Cloning
All > Science > Biotechnology and Genetics > Food Biotechnology
- The mitotic division of a progenitor cell to give rise to a population of identical daughter cells or clones. (See Directional cloning, Megabase cloning, Molecular cloning, Subcloning.)
Susan Allender-Hagedorn and Charles Hagedorn - Cite This Source - This Definition - See: gene cloning.
UN Food and Agriculture Organization - Cite This Source - This Definition - animal cloning, cloning vehicle, co-cloning, forced cloning, Megabase cloning, Molecular cloning, recombinant DNA technology, Subcloning, zoo blot
- The process of making copies of a specific piece of DNA, usually a gene. When geneticists speak of cloning, they do not mean the process of making genetically identical copies of an entire organism. See also gene
National Human Genome Research Institute - Cite This Source - This Definition - Using specialized DNA technology to produce multiple, exact copies of a single gene or other segment of DNA to obtain enough material for further study. This process, used by researchers in the Human Genome Project, is referred to as cloning DNA. The resulting cloned (copied) collections of DNA molecules are called clone libraries. A second type of cloning exploits the natural process of cell division to make many copies of an entire cell. The genetic makeup of these cloned cells, called a cell line, is identical to the original cell. A third type of cloning produces complete, genetically identical animals such as the famous Scottish sheep, Dolly. See also: cloning vector
Human Genome Project - Cite This Source - This Definition - Arrayed library, Clone, clone bank, gene library, Genomic library, library, nuclear transfer, Overlapping clones
- The process in which an organism produces one or more genetically alike copies of itself by asexual means. Cloning may occur by propagation of cuttings, as in the case of plants; continual budding, as in the case of hydra; fission, as in the case of bacteria and protozoa; parthenogenic asexual reproduction as in the case of aphids; or somatic cell nuclear transfer, as in the case of higher order animals such as mammals. The term cloning can also be applied to a group of cells undergoing replication by repetitive mitoses (cell divisions). Also see entries for Reproductive cloning and Therapeutic cloning below.
ISSCR - Cite This Source - This Definition - See Clone.
NIH - Cite This Source - This Definition - chimera, Clonality, Clone, Identical twinning, polarity, Reproductive cloning, Somatic cell nuclear transfer, therapeutic cloning