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Human Genome - The fundamental physical and functional unit of heredity. A gene is an ordered sequence of nucleotides located in a particular position on a particular chromosome that encodes a specific functional product (i.e., a protein or RNA molecule). See also: gene expression
Human Genome Project - Cite This Source - This Definition - The functional and physical unit of heredity passed from parent to offspring. Genes are pieces of DNA, and most genes contain the information for making a specific protein. See also genome, nucleus, protein
National Human Genome Research Institute - Cite This Source - This Definition - Browse Related Terms: candidate gene, contig, Contig map, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), Morbid map, positional cloning, Radiation hybrid
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Human Genome - Repeated copying of a piece of DNA; a characteristic of tumor cells. See also: gene, oncogene
Human Genome Project - Cite This Source - This Definition - An increase in the number of copies of any particular piece of DNA. A tumor cell amplifies, or copies, DNA segments naturally as a result of cell signals and sometimes environmental events. See also cell, gene, oncogene
National Human Genome Research Institute - Cite This Source - This Definition - Browse Related Terms: Chloroplast chromosome, duplication, haploinsufficiency, hemizygous, monosomy, Recessive gene, trisomy
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Human Genome - Determination of the relative positions of genes on a DNA molecule (chromosome or plasmid) and of the distance, in linkage units or physical units, between them.
Human Genome Project - Cite This Source - This Definition - Determining the relative positions of genes on a chromosome and the distance between them. See also chromosome, gene, genome, linkage, nucleotide
National Human Genome Research Institute - Cite This Source - This Definition - Browse Related Terms: Cytological band, Cytological map, Deletion map, genetic map, Linkage map, Mapping, Mapping population, Physical map, Resolution
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Human Genome - All the variations of genes in a species. See also: allele, gene, polymorphism
Human Genome Project - Cite This Source - This Definition - The sum total of genes, with all their variations, possessed by a particular species at a particular time. See also allele, chromosome, gene
National Human Genome Research Institute - Cite This Source - This Definition - Browse Related Terms: allogeneic, Disease-associated genes, fingerprinting, Forensics, Gene family, Gene product, pseudogene, Transcriptome
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Human Genome - An experimental procedure aimed at replacing, manipulating, or supplementing nonfunctional or misfunctioning genes with healthy genes. See also: gene, inherit, somatic cell gene therapy, germ line gene therapy
Human Genome Project - Cite This Source - This Definition - An evolving technique used to treat inheritied diseases. The medical procedure involves either replacing, manipulating, or supplementing nonfunctional genes with healthy genes. See also gene, genome, inherited, protein
National Human Genome Research Institute - Cite This Source - This Definition - Browse Related Terms: Filial generation (F1, F2), germ line gene therapy, heterozygote, Human gene therapy, Hybrid, Somatic cell gene therapy
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Human Genome - The sequence of nucleotides, coded in triplets (codons) along the mRNA, that determines the sequence of amino acids in protein synthesis. A gene's DNA sequence can be used to predict the mRNA sequence, and the genetic code can in turn be used to predict the amino acid sequence.
Human Genome Project - Cite This Source - This Definition - Browse Related Terms: Annotation, Code, Codon, Data warehouse, Exon, junk DNA, non-coding DNA, nonsense mutation, Open reading frame (ORF)
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Human Genome - The instructions in a gene that tell the cell how to make a specific protein. A, T, G, and C are the "letters" of the DNA code; they stand for the chemicals adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine, respectively, that make up the nucleotide bases of DNA. Each gene's code combines the four chemicals in various ways to spell out 3-letter "words" that specify which amino acid is needed at every step in making a protein. See also gene, nucleotide, protein
National Human Genome Research Institute - Cite This Source - This Definition - Browse Related Terms: adenine, Adenine (A), base, base pair, Base pair (bp), cytosine, Cytosine (C), DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid), guanine, Guanine (G), intellectual property rights, nitrogenous base, Nucleotide, purine, pyrimidine, thymine, Thymine (T), uracil