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Human Genome - See: gene mapping, linkage map, physical map
Human Genome Project - Cite This Source - This Definition - The process of deducing schematic representations of DNA. Three types of DNA maps can be constructed: physical maps, genetic maps, and cytogenetic maps, with the key distinguishing feature among these three types being the landmarks on which they are based. See also
National Human Genome Research Institute - Cite This Source - This Definition - Browse Related Terms: Cytological band, Cytological map, Deletion map, gene mapping, genetic map, Linkage map, Mapping population, Physical map, Resolution
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Human Genome - See: genetic marker
Human Genome Project - Cite This Source - This Definition - Also known as a genetic marker, a segment of DNA with an identifiable physical location on a chromosome whose inheritance can be followed. A marker can be a gene, or it can be some section of DNA with no known function. Because DNA segments that lie near each other on a chromosome tend to be inherited together, markers are often used as indirect ways of tracking the inheritance pattern of genes that have not yet been identified, but whose approximate locations are known. See also chromosome, gene, inherited
National Human Genome Research Institute - Cite This Source - This Definition - Browse Related Terms: Genetic marker, haplotype, Linkage, lod score, reporter gene
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Human Genome - One method in which genetic traits are passed from parents to offspring. Named for Gregor Mendel, who first studied and recognized the existence of genes and this method of inheritance. See also: autosomal dominant, recessive gene, sex-linked
Human Genome Project - Cite This Source - This Definition - Manner in which genes and traits are passed from parents to children. Examples of Mendelian inheritance include autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, and sex-linked genes. See also chromosome, recessive, phenotype, sex-linked
National Human Genome Research Institute - Cite This Source - This Definition - Browse Related Terms: allele, autosomal dominant, Codominance, Dominant, Genetic illness, linkage disequilibrium
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Human Genome - Austrian biologist, born in 1822 and died in 1884, who laid the foundations for the science of genetics. Mendel was a monk whose controlled experiments with breeding peas in the monastery garden led him to conclude that the heritable units we now call genes were not blends of parental traits but separate physical entities passed individually in specific proportions from one generation to the next. Mendel's discoveries were ignored for several decades, but other biologists finally recognized their significance early in the 20th century. See also gene
National Human Genome Research Institute - Cite This Source - This Definition - Browse Related Terms: Additive genetic effects, Anticipation, Complex trait, Cytoplasmic trait, Cytoplasmic (uniparental) inheritance, genetics, inherited, Mendel, Johann (Gregor), Pedigree, penetrance, phenocopy
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Human Genome - RNA that serves as a template for protein synthesis. See also: genetic code
Human Genome Project - Cite This Source - This Definition - Template for protein synthesis. Each set of three bases, called codons, specifies a certain protein in the sequence of amino acids that comprise the protein. The sequence of a strand of mRNA is based on the sequence of a complementary strand of DNA. See also gene, nucleus, protein
National Human Genome Research Institute - Cite This Source - This Definition - Browse Related Terms: antisense, cDNA library, Complementary DNA (cDNA), DNA replication, Hybridization, Polymerase, DNA or RNA, reverse transcriptase
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Human Genome - A stage in mitosis or meiosis during which the chromosomes are aligned along the equatorial plane of the cell.
Human Genome Project - Cite This Source - This Definition - The phase of mitosis, or cell division, when the chromosomes align along the center of the cell. Because metaphase chromosomes are highly condensed, scientists use these chromosomes for gene mapping and identifying chromosomal aberrations. See also cell, chromosome, gene, mapping
National Human Genome Research Institute - Cite This Source - This Definition - Browse Related Terms: Centromere, Chromomere, Chromosome painting, Chromosome region p, Chromosome region q, Nucleolar organizing region, Premature chromosome condensation (PCC), Targeted mutagenesis
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Human Genome - A new way of studying how large numbers of genes interact with each other and how a cell's regulatory networks control vast batteries of genes simultaneously. The method uses a robot to precisely apply tiny droplets containing functional DNA to glass slides. Researchers then attach fluorescent labels to DNA from the cell they are studying. The labeled probes are allowed to bind to complementary DNA strands on the slides. The slides are put into a scanning microscope that can measure the brightness of each fluorescent dot; brightness reveals how much of a specific DNA fragment is present, an indicator of how active it is. See also cell, gene
National Human Genome Research Institute - Cite This Source - This Definition - Browse Related Terms: DNA probe, in situ hybridization, northern blot, oligo, Probe, Southern blot, Southern blotting
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Human Genome - The study of genes and gene function in bacteria, archaea, and other microorganisms. Often used in research in the fields of bioremediation, alternative energy, and disease prevention. See also: model organisms, biotechnology, bioremediation
Human Genome Project - Cite This Source - This Definition - Browse Related Terms: animal model, Backcross, blast, Comparative genomics, knockout, Model organisms, Modeling, Molecular farming, mouse model
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Human Genome - Repetitive stretches of short sequences of DNA used as genetic markers to track inheritance in families. See also inherited, nucleotide, chromosome, polymorphism
National Human Genome Research Institute - Cite This Source - This Definition - Browse Related Terms: Directed sequencing, Expressed sequence tag (EST), GC-rich area, Gene prediction, homeobox, repetitive DNA, scaffold, Sequence-tagged site (STS), Tandem repeat sequences, Transposable element
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Human Genome - The genetic material found in mitochondria, the organelles that generate energy for the cell. Not inherited in the same fashion as nucleic DNA. See also: cell, DNA, genome, nucleus
Human Genome Project - Cite This Source - This Definition - The genetic material of the mitochondria, the organelles that generate energy for the cell. See also cell, genome, nucleus
National Human Genome Research Institute - Cite This Source - This Definition - Browse Related Terms: Genetic engineering, Genetic material, genetic predisposition, genetic testing, Inherit, Transformation
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