Human Genome definitions beginning with T

The process of transferring scientific findings from research laboratories to the commercial sector.
Human Genome Project - Cite This Source - This Definition
The process of providing the private sector access to technological advances developed by scientists in the Federal government. See also
National Human Genome Research Institute - Cite This Source - This Definition
Browse Related Terms: Electroporation, Gene chip technology, Genetic engineering technology, Recombinant clone, recombinant DNA technology

telomerase - permalink - collapse

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The enzyme that directs the replication of telomeres.
Human Genome Project - Cite This Source - This Definition
Browse Related Terms: Enzyme, Exonuclease, isoenzyme, Protease, Telomere

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Telomere - permalink - collapse

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The end of a chromosome. This specialized structure is involved in the replication and stability of linear DNA molecules. See also: DNA replication
Human Genome Project - Cite This Source - This Definition
Browse Related Terms: Enzyme, Exonuclease, isoenzyme, Protease, telomerase

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Teratogenic - permalink - collapse

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Substances such as chemicals or radiation that cause abnormal development of a embryo. See also: mutagen
Human Genome Project - Cite This Source - This Definition
Browse Related Terms: Carcinogen, Directed evolution, Mutagen, Mutagenicity, Mutation, sickle cell disease

thymine - permalink - collapse

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One of the four bases in DNA that make up the letters ATGC, thymine is the "T". The others are adenine, guanine, and cytosine. Thymine always pairs with adenine. See also adenine, protein, nucleotide, uracil
National Human Genome Research Institute - Cite This Source - This Definition
Browse Related Terms: adenine, Adenine (A), base, base pair, Base pair (bp), cytosine, Cytosine (C), DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid), genetic code (ATGC), guanine, Guanine (G), intellectual property rights, nitrogenous base, Nucleotide, purine, pyrimidine, Thymine (T), uracil

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Thymine (T) - permalink - collapse

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A nitrogenous base, one member of the base pair AT (adenine-thymine). See also: base pair, nucleotide
Human Genome Project - Cite This Source - This Definition
Browse Related Terms: adenine, Adenine (A), base, base pair, Base pair (bp), cytosine, Cytosine (C), DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid), genetic code (ATGC), guanine, Guanine (G), intellectual property rights, nitrogenous base, Nucleotide, purine, pyrimidine, thymine, uracil

Toxicogenomics - permalink - collapse

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The study of how genomes respond to environmental stressors or toxicants. Combines genome-wide mRNA expression profiling with protein expression patterns using bioinformatics to understand the role of gene-environment interactions in disease and dysfunction.
Human Genome Project - Cite This Source - This Definition
Browse Related Terms: bioinformatics, Computational biology, Escherichia coli, functional genomics, genomics, Molecular biology

Transcription - permalink - collapse

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The synthesis of an RNA copy from a sequence of DNA (a gene); the first step in gene expression. See also: translation
Human Genome Project - Cite This Source - This Definition
Browse Related Terms: chimeraplasty, Gene expression, Intron, Promoter, Splice site, transcription factor, Translation, western blot

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transcription factor - permalink - collapse

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A protein that binds to regulatory regions and helps control gene expression.
Human Genome Project - Cite This Source - This Definition
Browse Related Terms: chimeraplasty, Gene expression, Intron, Promoter, Splice site, Transcription, Translation, western blot

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Transcriptome - permalink - collapse

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The full complement of activated genes, mRNAs, or transcripts in a particular tissue at a particular time
Human Genome Project - Cite This Source - This Definition
Browse Related Terms: allogeneic, Disease-associated genes, fingerprinting, Forensics, Gene family, Gene pool, Gene product, pseudogene

Transfection - permalink - collapse

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The introduction of foreign DNA into a host cell. See also: cloning vector, gene therapy
Human Genome Project - Cite This Source - This Definition
Browse Related Terms: bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC), bacteriophage, cloning vector, cosmid, gene transfer, P1-derived artificial chromosome (PAC), phage, plasmid, Retroviral infection, Vector, Virus, yeast artificial chromosome (YAC)

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Transfer RNA (tRNA) - permalink - collapse

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A class of RNA having structures with triplet nucleotide sequences that are complementary to the triplet nucleotide coding sequences of mRNA. The role of tRNAs in protein synthesis is to bond with amino acids and transfer them to the ribosomes, where proteins are assembled according to the genetic code carried by mRNA.
Human Genome Project - Cite This Source - This Definition
Browse Related Terms: ribonucleic acid (RNA), Ribosomal RNA (rRNA), Ribosome, Ribosomes, RNA (ribonucleic acid)

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Transformation - permalink - collapse

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A process by which the genetic material carried by an individual cell is altered by incorporation of exogenous DNA into its genome.
Human Genome Project - Cite This Source - This Definition
Browse Related Terms: Genetic engineering, Genetic material, genetic predisposition, genetic testing, Inherit, mitochondrial DNA

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Transgenic - permalink - collapse

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An experimentally produced organism in which DNA has been artificially introduced and incorporated into the organism's germ line. See also: cell, DNA, gene, nucleus, germ line
Human Genome Project - Cite This Source - This Definition
An experimentally produced organism in which DNA has been artificially introduced and incorporated into the organism's germ line, usually by injecting the foreign DNA into the nucleus of a fertilized embryo. See also cell, gene, nucleus
National Human Genome Research Institute - Cite This Source - This Definition
Browse Related Terms: Aggregation technique, Bacteria, Eukaryote, Microinjection, Prokaryote, Recombinant DNA