Science definitions beginning with K

Smoke- Smoke in various concentrations can cause significant problems for people with respiratory ailments. It becomes a more universal hazard when visibilities are reduced to ¼ mile or less.
NOAA National Weather Service - Cite This Source - This Definition
Browse Related Terms: Blowing Dust or Sand, F, FG, fog, Grout Curtain, Ice Crystals, MIST, sm, Smoke

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The chromosome constitution of a cell, an individual, or of a related group of individuals, as defined both by the number and the morphology of the chromosome s, usually in mitotic metaphase; chromosomes arranged in order of length and according to position of centromere; also, the abbreviated formula for the chromosome constitution, such as 47, + 21 for human trisomy-21 (Down's syndrome).
UN Food and Agriculture Organization - Cite This Source - This Definition
All of the chromosomes in a cell or an individual organism, visible through a microsope during cell division.
Susan Allender-Hagedorn and Charles Hagedorn - Cite This Source - This Definition
Browse Related Terms: anaphase, B chromosome, cell cycle, fission, interphase, micronucleus, Mitosis, telophase

A photomicrograph of an individual's chromosomes arranged in a standard format showing the number, size, and shape of each chromosome type; used in low-resolution physical mapping to correlate gross chromosomal abnormalities with the characteristics of specific diseases.
Human Genome Project - Cite This Source - This Definition
The chromosomal complement of an individual, including the number of chromosomes and any abnormalities. The term is also used to refer to a photograph of an individual's chromosomes. See also chromosome
National Human Genome Research Institute - Cite This Source - This Definition
Browse Related Terms: Chromosomal deletion, cytogenetic map, Cytogenetics, deletion, Flow karyotyping, insertion, spectral karyotype (SKY)

The full set of chromosomes of a cell arranged with respect to size, shape, and number.
DHHS - Cite This Source - This Definition
The chromosome characteristics (number, shape, etc) of an individual cell or cell line, usually presented as a systematized array in pairs.
The President's Council on Bioethics - Cite This Source - This Definition
Browse Related Terms: aneuploid, Autosome, diploid, Diploid human cell, haploid, metaphase, Mitosis, X inactivation, Y-chromosome

Katabatic wind Any wind blowing down an incline; the opposite to anabatic wind. If the wind is warm, it is called a foehn; if cold, it may be a fall wind (bora), or a gravity wind (mountain wind).
NSIDC - Cite This Source - This Definition
Browse Related Terms: Atmospheric pressure, Geostrophic wind, Gradient wind, Isobar, Jet stream, Steering flow

A front where the warm air descends the frontal surface (except in the low layers of the atmosphere).
NOAA National Weather Service - Cite This Source - This Definition
Browse Related Terms: Air Mass Thunderstorm, Rain Shadow, Stable, Warm front, Warm Sector, WFP, WRM, WRMFNT

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The catalytic rate constant that characterizes an enzyme-catalysed reaction. The larger the k_cat value, the faster the conversion of substrate into product.
UN Food and Agriculture Organization - Cite This Source - This Definition
Browse Related Terms: kcat/Km, Km, Vmax

The catalytic efficiency of an enzyme-catalysed reaction. The greater the value of k_cat/K_m, the more rapidly and efficiently the substrate is converted into product.
UN Food and Agriculture Organization - Cite This Source - This Definition
Browse Related Terms: kcat, kcat/Km, Km, Vmax

In solar-terrestrial terms, of the white-light corona (that is, the corona seen by the eye at a total solar eclipse), that portion which is caused by sunlight scattered by electrons in the hot outer atmosphere of the sun.
NOAA National Weather Service - Cite This Source - This Definition
Browse Related Terms: Chromosphere, Coronal Hole, Coronal Rain, Coronal Transients, CRN, F Corona, Green Line