ExpertGlossary

A distortion mechanism, occurring in multimode fibers, in which the signal is spread in time because the velocity of propagation of the optical signal is not the same for all modes. Note 1: In the ray-optics analogy, multimode distortion in a step-index optical fiber may be compared to multipath propagation of a radio signal. The direct signal is distorted by the arrival of the reflected signal a short time later. In a step-index optical fiber, rays taking more direct paths through the fiber core, i.e., those which undergo the fewest reflections at the core-cladding boundary, will traverse the length of the fiber sooner than those rays which undergo more reflections. This results in distortion of the signal. Note 2: Multimode distortion limits the bandwidth of multimode fibers. For example, a typical step-index fiber with a 50-m core would be limited to approximately 20 MHz for a one-kilometer length, i.e., a bandwidth of 20 MHz•km. Note 3: Multimode distortion may be considerably reduced, but never completely eliminated, by the use of a core having a graded refractive index. The bandwidth of a typical off-the-shelf graded-index multimode fiber, having a 50-m core, may approach 1 GHz•km or more. Multimode graded-index fibers having bandwidths approaching 3 GHz•km have been produced. Note 4: Because of its similarity to dispersion in its effect on the optical signal, multimode distortion is sometimes incorrectly referred to as "intermodal dispersion," "modal dispersion,"or "multimode dispersion." Such usage is incorrect because multimode distortion is not a truly dispersive effect. Dispersion is a wavelength-dependant phenomenon, whereas multimode distortion may occur at a single wavelength. [After FAA] Synonyms intermodal delay distortion, intermodal distortion, modal distortion.

An optical fiber that supports the propagation of more than one bound mode. Note: A multimode optical fiber may be either a graded-index (GI) fiber or a step-index (SI) fiber.

The propagation phenomenon that results in radio signals' reaching the receiving antenna by two or more paths. Note 1: Causes of multipath include atmospheric ducting, ionospheric reflection and refraction, and reflection from terrestrial objects, such as mountains and buildings. Note 2: The effects of multipath include constructive and destructive interference, and phase shifting of the signal. Note 3: In facsimile and television transmission, multipath causes jitter and ghosting.