Definitions beginning with M

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mycelium - permalink - collapse

All > Science > Biotechnology and Genetics > Food Biotechnology

(pl.: mycelia) Threadlike filament making up the vegetative portion of thallus fungi.
UN Food and Agriculture Organization - Cite This Source - This Definition
Browse Related Terms: cambial zone, cortex, crown, endodermis, hypocotyl, offshoot, pericycle, stele, stolon, thallus, tropism

mycophenolate mofetil - permalink - collapse

All > Medicine > Cancer

(my-koh-FEN-oh-layt MOH-feh-til) A drug used to prevent graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) after organ transplants. It is also being studied in the prevention of GVHD after stem cell transplants for cancer, and in the treatment of some autoimmune disorders. Mycophenolate mofetil is a type of immunosuppressive agent. Also called CellCept.
National Cancer Institute - Cite This Source - This Definition
Browse Related Terms: anticonvulsant, antiepileptic, BBIC, Bowman-Birk inhibitor concentrate, CellCept

Mycoplasma - permalink - collapse

All > Science > Biotechnology and Genetics > Stem Cell

A general category of microorganisms that shares some characteristics of bacteria.
The President's Council on Bioethics - Cite This Source - This Definition
Browse Related Terms: apoptosis, Bacteria, Mutagenicity, Nodal, node, Phenotype, Phenotypic characteristics, Telomere

mycoprotein - permalink - collapse

All > Science > Biotechnology and Genetics > Food Biotechnology

Fungal protein.
UN Food and Agriculture Organization - Cite This Source - This Definition
Browse Related Terms: bacteriocin, casein, chimeric protein, denatured protein, enterotoxin, G protein, G-protein coupled receptor, heterologous protein, homomultimer, hypervariable segment, native protein, pathogenesis related protein, PR protein, Protein kinase, temperature-sensitive protein

mycorrhiza - permalink - collapse

All > Science > Biotechnology and Genetics > Food Biotechnology

Fungi that form an association with, or have a symbiotic relationship with roots of more developed plants.
UN Food and Agriculture Organization - Cite This Source - This Definition
Browse Related Terms: Legume, Mycorrhizae, nodulation, Nodule, root nodule

Mycorrhizae - permalink - collapse

All > Science > Biotechnology and Genetics > Food Biotechnology

Fungi that form symbiotic relationships with roots of more developed plants.
Susan Allender-Hagedorn and Charles Hagedorn - Cite This Source - This Definition
Browse Related Terms: Legume, mycorrhiza, nodulation, Nodule, root nodule

mycosis fungoides - permalink - collapse

All > Medicine > Cancer

(my-KOH-sis fun-GOY-deez) A type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma that first appears on the skin and can spread to the lymph nodes or other organs such as the spleen, liver, or lungs.
National Cancer Institute - Cite This Source - This Definition
Browse Related Terms: adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma, AIDS-related cancer, ALCL, anaplastic large cell lymphoma, angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma, ATLL, Burkitt leukemia, Burkitt lymphoma, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, mantle cell lymphoma, mature T-cell lymphoma, peripheral T-cell lymphoma, primary effusion lymphoma

mycosis fungoides plaque - permalink - collapse

All > Medicine > Cancer

(my-KOH-sis fun-GOY-deez plak) In mycosis fungoides, an area of skin that is thickened, raised, red, scaly, and itchy.
National Cancer Institute - Cite This Source - This Definition
Browse Related Terms: Bowen disease, dermatitis, eczema, hyperkeratosis, precancerous dermatitis, precancerous dermatosis, radiation dermatitis, scleroderma

Mycostatin - permalink - collapse

All > Medicine > Cancer

(MY-koh-STA-tin) A drug used to treat infections caused by fungi (a type of microorganism). It is made by certain strains of bacteria and kills fungi by binding to their membranes. Mycostatin is a type of antifungal agent.
National Cancer Institute - Cite This Source - This Definition
Browse Related Terms: amphotericin B, antiparasitic, Cipro, ciprofloxacin, fluoroquinolone, nystatin

mycotoxin - permalink - collapse

All > Science > Biotechnology and Genetics > Food Biotechnology

Toxic substance of fungal origin, e.g. aflatoxin.
UN Food and Agriculture Organization - Cite This Source - This Definition
Browse Related Terms: aureofacin, Fusarium spp., seed storage proteins

myelin - permalink - collapse

All > Medicine > Cancer

(MY-eh-lin) The fatty substance that covers and protects nerves.
National Cancer Institute - Cite This Source - This Definition
Browse Related Terms: ceramide, fenretinide, fenretinide LXS, fenretinide Lym-X-Sorb, hexyl 5-aminolevulinate, omega-3 fatty acid, Pesticide

All > Science > Biotechnology and Genetics > Stem Cell

A fatty sheath that covers axons of nerve cells. It is produced by oligodendrocytes and provides an insulation for nerve conduction through the axons.
DHHS - Cite This Source - This Definition
Browse Related Terms: Metachromatic leukodystrophy, Myelin basic protein (MPB), Myelin sheath, neuron, Neurons, NMDA receptor, oligodendrocyte

Myelin basic protein (MPB) - permalink - collapse

All > Science > Biotechnology and Genetics > Stem Cell

A structural protein within the myelin sheath surrounding neurons.
DHHS - Cite This Source - This Definition
Browse Related Terms: Metachromatic leukodystrophy, myelin, Myelin sheath, neuron, Neurons, NMDA receptor, oligodendrocyte

Myelin sheath - permalink - collapse

All > Medicine > Cancer > Breast Cancer

(my' uh lin) the tubular structure that surrounds the nerve fibers.
DoD Breast Health Program South - Cite This Source - This Definition
Browse Related Terms: anesthesia, Disease, Glial cells, hormone, Immune, inflammatory, pituitary gland, rheumatoid arthritis, Schwann cells, stroma, Tissue

All > Science > Biotechnology and Genetics > Stem Cell

Insulating layer of specialized cell membrane wrapped around vertebrate axons. This sheath is produced by oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system and by Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system.
DHHS - Cite This Source - This Definition
Browse Related Terms: Metachromatic leukodystrophy, myelin, Myelin basic protein (MPB), neuron, Neurons, NMDA receptor, oligodendrocyte

myeloablation - permalink - collapse

All > Medicine > Cancer

(MY-eh-loh-a-BLAY-shun) A severe form of myelosuppression. Myelosuppression is a condition in which bone marrow activity is decreased, resulting in fewer red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. It is a side effect of some cancer treatments. Also called severe myelosuppression.
National Cancer Institute - Cite This Source - This Definition
Browse Related Terms: CMV, cytomegalovirus, immunosuppression, myelosuppression, osteomyelitis, severe myelosuppression

myeloblastic - permalink - collapse

All > Medicine > Cancer

(MY-eh-loh-BLAS-tik) Refers to myeloblasts (a type of immature cell that forms in the bone marrow).
National Cancer Institute - Cite This Source - This Definition
Browse Related Terms: acute promyelocytic leukemia, APL, blast, erythroleukemia, neuroblastoma, promyelocytic leukemia

myelodysplasia - permalink - collapse

All > Medicine > Cancer

(MY-eh-loh-dis-PLAY-zhuh) Abnormal bone marrow cells that may lead to myelogenous leukemia.
National Cancer Institute - Cite This Source - This Definition
Browse Related Terms: 5Q minus syndrome, 5Q- syndrome, myelodysplastic syndromes, preleukemia, smoldering leukemia

myelodysplastic syndromes - permalink - collapse

All > Medicine > Cancer

(MY-eh-loh-dis-PLAS-tik SIN-dromz) A group of diseases in which the bone marrow does not make enough healthy blood cells. Also called preleukemia and smoldering leukemia.
National Cancer Institute - Cite This Source - This Definition
Browse Related Terms: 5Q minus syndrome, 5Q- syndrome, myelodysplasia, preleukemia, smoldering leukemia

myelofibrosis - permalink - collapse

All > Medicine > Cancer

(MY-eh-loh-fy-BROH-sis) A disorder in which the bone marrow is replaced by fibrous tissue.
National Cancer Institute - Cite This Source - This Definition
Browse Related Terms: agnogenic myeloid metaplasia, chronic idiopathic myelofibrosis, idiopathic myelofibrosis, myelosclerosis with myeloid metaplasia, primary myelofibrosis

myelogenous - permalink - collapse

All > Medicine > Cancer

(MY-eh-LAH-jeh-nus) Having to do with, produced by, or resembling the bone marrow. Sometimes used as a synonym for myeloid; for example, acute myeloid leukemia and acute myelogenous leukemia are the same disease.
National Cancer Institute - Cite This Source - This Definition
Browse Related Terms: Acute, acute myeloblastic leukemia, acute myelogenous leukemia, acute myeloid leukemia, acute nonlymphocytic leukemia, AML, ANLL, chloroma, granulocytic sarcoma, myeloid

myelogram - permalink - collapse

All > Medicine > Cancer

(MY-eh-loh-gram) An x-ray of the spinal cord after an injection of dye into the space between the lining of the spinal cord and brain.
National Cancer Institute - Cite This Source - This Definition
Browse Related Terms: ependyma, ependymal cell, epidural, epidural block, intrathecal, intrathecal chemotherapy, subependymal

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