Definitions beginning with M

Mitigating circumstances - permalink - collapse

All > Law > Common Legal Terms

Those which do not constitute a justification or excuse for an offense but which may be considered as reasons for reducing the degree of blame.
US District Court - Northern District of NY - Cite This Source - This Definition
Browse Related Terms: Codicil, Disclaim, Gradus, Per se, Self-incrimination, privilege against

Mitigation - permalink - collapse

All > Business > Real Estate

Term usually used to refer to various changes or improvements made in a home; for instance, to reduce the average level of radon.
US Department of Housing and Urban Development - Cite This Source - This Definition
Browse Related Terms: Assumable loan, Change Orders, modification, Predictive Variables, Variable payment plan

All > Law > Common Legal Terms

A reduction, abatement or diminution imposed by law.
US District Court - Northern District of NY - Cite This Source - This Definition
Browse Related Terms: Admiralty law, Bankruptcy law, Civil law, Common law, Corpus juris, Crime, jurisprudence, Jus commune, Jus divinum, Law Blank, Legislation, Legitimate, Memorandum of law, Statute, Statutory, Statutory law, Substantive law

Mitigation (measures) - permalink - collapse

All > Science > Water

Methods or plans to reduce, offset, or eliminate adverse project impacts. Action taken to avoid, reduce the severity of, or eliminate an adverse impact. Mitigation can include one or more of the following:

Avoiding impacts.

Minimizing impacts by limiting the degree or magnitude of an action.

Rectifying impacts by restoration, rehabilitation, or repair of the affected environment.

Reducing or eliminating impacts over time.

Compensating for the impact by replacing or providing substitute resources or environments to offset the loss.

Bureau of Reclamation - Cite This Source - This Definition
Browse Related Terms: AQIA, Improvement, National Water Quality Assessment Program, Social value (psychological value)

MIT/LL - permalink - collapse

All > Technology > Defense

Massachusetts Institute of Technology / Lincoln Laboratory, Bedford, MA.
DoD Missile Defense Agency - Cite This Source - This Definition
Browse Related Terms: BI, DIS, EUREKA, MIT, MIT/LL

mitochondria - permalink - collapse

All > Medicine > Cancer

(MY-toh-KON-dree-uh) Small structures in a cell that are found in the cytoplasm (fluid that surrounds the cell nucleus). Mitochondria make most of the energy for the cell and have their own genetic material that is different from the genetic material found in the nucleus. Many diseases are caused by mutations (changes) in the DNA of mitochondria. Mitochondria are cell organelles.
National Cancer Institute - Cite This Source - This Definition
Browse Related Terms: athymic nude mouse, BRAF gene, BRCA1, BRCA2, Carney complex, chimeric, DNA cytometry, genetic analysis, hotspot, mutate, Mutation, Oncogene, polymorphism, somatic mutation

All > Science > Biotechnology and Genetics > Stem Cell

Small, energy-producing organelles inside cells.
The President's Council on Bioethics - Cite This Source - This Definition
Browse Related Terms: Cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk protein), Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), glycoprotein, Mitochondrial proteins, Myosin, radioimmunoassay, Ribosome, Translation, Trypsin

mitochondrial DNA - permalink - collapse

All > Science > Biotechnology and Genetics > Food Biotechnology

(Abbreviation: mtDNA). A circular DNA found in mitochondria. In mammals, mtDNA makes up less than 1% of the total DNA, but in plants the amount is variable. It encodes rRNA and tRNA and some mitochondrial proteins (up to 30 in animals).
UN Food and Agriculture Organization - Cite This Source - This Definition
Browse Related Terms: chloroplast, chloroplast DNA, cpDNA, mtDNA

All > Science > Biotechnology and Genetics > Human Genome

The genetic material found in mitochondria, the organelles that generate energy for the cell. Not inherited in the same fashion as nucleic DNA. See also: cell, DNA, genome, nucleus
Human Genome Project - Cite This Source - This Definition
The genetic material of the mitochondria, the organelles that generate energy for the cell. See also cell, genome, nucleus
National Human Genome Research Institute - Cite This Source - This Definition
Browse Related Terms: Genetic engineering, Genetic material, genetic predisposition, genetic testing, Inherit, Transformation

All > Science > Biotechnology and Genetics > Stem Cell

Genetic material inside the mitochondria. Essentially all the mitochondria of an individual come from the cytoplasm of the egg, so all mitochondrial DNA is inherited through the maternal line.
The President's Council on Bioethics - Cite This Source - This Definition
Browse Related Terms: Chromosomes, cytoplasm, DNA, DNA methylation, Enucleated, Nucleus, retinoic acid, ribonucleic acid (RNA), telomerase, Virus

Mitochondrial proteins - permalink - collapse

All > Science > Biotechnology and Genetics > Stem Cell

Proteins that are part of the mitochondria.
The President's Council on Bioethics - Cite This Source - This Definition
Browse Related Terms: Cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk protein), Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), glycoprotein, mitochondria, Myosin, radioimmunoassay, Ribosome, Translation, Trypsin

mitochondrion - permalink - collapse

All > Science > Biotechnology and Genetics > Food Biotechnology

(pl.: mitochondria) Organelle possessing its own DNA which appear in all eukaryotic cells (and never in prokaryotic cells) and produce adenosine triphosphate as an energy source for the cell via oxidative phosphorylation. Mitochondria contain many enzymes of the respiratory cycle, although most of these proteins are nuclear encoded.
UN Food and Agriculture Organization - Cite This Source - This Definition
Browse Related Terms: ampometric, biosensor, electrochemical sensor, enzyme electrode, oxygen-electrode-based sensor, potentiometric, pseudo-affinity chromatography

(my-TOH-sis) The process by which a single parent cell divides to make two new daughter cells. Each daughter cell receives a complete set of chromosomes from the parent cell. This process allows the body to grow and replace cells.
National Cancer Institute - Cite This Source - This Definition
Browse Related Terms: cell cycle, cell-cycle regulation, doubling time, mitotic cycle

All > Science > Biotechnology and Genetics > Food Biotechnology

Splitting of replicated chromosomes, and the division of the cytoplasm to produce two genetically identical daughter cells. On the basis of the appearance of the chromosome s, it is separated into five stages: interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase.
UN Food and Agriculture Organization - Cite This Source - This Definition
The replication of a cell to form two daughter cells with identical sets of chromosomes.
Susan Allender-Hagedorn and Charles Hagedorn - Cite This Source - This Definition
Browse Related Terms: anaphase, B chromosome, cell cycle, fission, interphase, Karyotype, micronucleus, telophase

All > Science > Biotechnology and Genetics > Human Genome

The process of nuclear division in cells that produces daughter cells that are genetically identical to each other and to the parent cell. See also: meiosis
Human Genome Project - Cite This Source - This Definition
Browse Related Terms: Affected relative pair, Avuncular relationship, Fraternal twin, Genotype, Homozygote, identical twin, Phenotype, syngeneic

All > Science > Biotechnology and Genetics > Stem Cell

Cell division, resulting in two cells that each have the diploid number of chromosomes and are just like the original cell.
The President's Council on Bioethics - Cite This Source - This Definition
Cell division that allows a population of cells to increase its numbers or to maintain its numbers.
NIH - Cite This Source - This Definition
Browse Related Terms: aneuploid, Autosome, diploid, Diploid human cell, haploid, Karyotype, metaphase, X inactivation, Y-chromosome

mitotane - permalink - collapse

All > Medicine > Cancer

(MY-toh-tane) An anticancer drug used in treating adrenocortical cancer and ACTH-producing pituitary tumors (Cushing disease).
National Cancer Institute - Cite This Source - This Definition
Browse Related Terms: anthraquinone, crisnatol mesylate, dacarbazine, estramustine, fazarabine, flavopiridol, flutamide, gossypol, Huang Lian, ILX23-7553, liarozole, platinum, remission induction therapy, sodium thiosulfate, TG4010, tocladesine, troxacitabine

mitotic activity - permalink - collapse

All > Medicine > Cancer

Having to do with the presence of dividing (proliferating) cells. Cancerous tissue generally has more mitotic activity than normal tissues.
National Cancer Institute - Cite This Source - This Definition
Browse Related Terms: cancer registry, infiltrating breast cancer, infiltrating cancer, Invasive, invasive breast cancer, invasive cancer, local cancer

mitotic cycle - permalink - collapse

All > Medicine > Cancer

(my-TAH-tik SY-kul) The process a cell goes through each time it divides. The mitotic cycle consists of a series of steps during which the chromosomes and other cell material double to make two copies. The cell then divides into two daughter cells, each receiving one copy of the doubled material. The mitotic cycle is complete when each daughter cell is surrounded by its own outer membrane. Also called cell cycle.
National Cancer Institute - Cite This Source - This Definition
Browse Related Terms: cell cycle, cell-cycle regulation, doubling time, Mitosis

mitotic index - permalink - collapse

All > Medicine > Cancer

In a population of cells, the ratio of the number of cells undergoing mitosis (cell division) to the number of cells not undergoing mitosis.
National Cancer Institute - Cite This Source - This Definition
Browse Related Terms: antithymocyte globulin, calgranulin A, calgranulin B, S100 calcium binding protein A8, S100 calcium binding protein A9

mitotic inhibitor - permalink - collapse

All > Medicine > Cancer

A type of drug that blocks cell growth by stopping mitosis (cell division). They are used to treat cancer. Also called antimitotic agent.
National Cancer Institute - Cite This Source - This Definition
Browse Related Terms: antimicrotubule agent, antimitotic agent, broxuridine, Oncovin, taxane, vinca alkaloid, vincristine, vincristine sulfate

mitoxantrone - permalink - collapse

All > Medicine > Cancer

A drug used to treat advanced prostate cancer that does not respond to hormones, adult acute nonlymphocytic leukemia, and advanced or chronic multiple sclerosis. It is also being studied in the treatment of other cancers. It belongs to the family of drugs called antitumor antibiotics. Also called Novantrone.
National Cancer Institute - Cite This Source - This Definition
Browse Related Terms: ansamycin, anthracenedione, BBR 2778, bizelesin, bleomycin, cordycepin, dactinomycin, DX-52-1, geldanamycin analog, GPX-100, idarubicin, KRN5500, KW2189, MEN-10755, mitomycin, Novantrone, pixantrone