Microsoft Active Directory

Microsoft Active Directory terms

1. 1.2.840.113556.1.4.1851 The object identifier that is assigned to Active Directory Application Mode (ADAM).
2. access control The mechanisms for limiting access to certain information based on a user's identity and membership in various predefined groups.
3. Access Control Entry (ACE) In Windows-based systems, an entry in an access control list (ACL) containing the security ID (SID) for a user or group and an access mask that specifies…
4. access control list (ACL) (ACL) In Windows-based systems, a list of access control entries (ACE) that apply to an entire object, a set of the object's properties, or an individual…
5. access token A data structure that contains authorization information for a user or group. A system uses an access token to control access to securable objects and to…
6. ACE See definition for access control entry (ACE)
7. ACL See definition for access control list (ACL)
8. Active Directory The directory service for Microsoft Windows 2000 Server and Windows Server 2003.
9. Active Directory (AD) A structure supported by Windows 2000 that lets any object on a network be tracked and located.
10. Active Directory Application Mode (ADAM) A stand-alone directory service that is designed specifically for use with directory-enabled applications.
11. Active Directory Application Mode (ADAM) instance For Active Directory Application Mode (ADAM), a single copy of the ADAM directory service, along with its associated directory store, assigned Lightweight…
12. Active Directory Service Interfaces (ADSI) A client-side product based on the Component Object Model (COM). ADSI defines a directory service model and a set of COM interfaces that enable Windows NT…
13. AD/AM A special directory service that is an add-on to WS03 and that is designed to run as a pure lightweight application protocol (LDAP) directory.
14. ADAM See definition for: Active Directory Application Mode (ADAM)
15. ADAM instance See definition for: Active Directory Application Mode (ADAM) instance
16. ADAMSync An ADAM administration tool that synchronizes objects from Active Directory to an Active Directory Application Mode instance.
17. ADSI Air Force Defense Systems Integrator.
18. Advertisement In Systems Management Server, a notification sent by the site server to the client access points (CAPs) specifying that a software distribution program is…
19. Answer File A file that automates Windows Setup. This file enables the configuration of Windows settings, the addition and removal of components, and many Windows…
20. Application Partition This partition has several features such as the ability to host several instances of the same application and COM+ components on the same physical…
21. Application partition (in Active Directory) In Windows Server 2003, Active Directory supports application directory partitions.
22. Application partition (in ADAM) Application directory partitions hold the data that is used by applications. Application partitions can be established during ADAM setup or at any time…
23. attribute An attribute is a characteristic of data that sets it apart from other data, such as location, length, or type.
24. Attributes Component describing object class properties.
25. authentication The process of validating the credentials of a person, computer process, or device.
26. Authentication Protocol The protocol by which an entity on a network proves its identity to a remote entity.
27. Authoritative For DNS, describes a DNS server hosting a zone, or a zone containing a name or record.
28. Authorization The issuance of approval, by a credit card issuer, merchant, or other affiliate, to complete a credit card transaction.
29. Backup Domain Controller (BDC) In a Windows 2000 domain, backup domain controllers are not required; all domain controllers are peers, and all can perform maintenance on the directory.
30. binding The ability of molecules to bind each other non-covalently because of the exact shape and chemical nature of parts of their surfaces.
31. certificate Digital signature combining data verification and encryption key. See PKI Digital Signature.
32. Certificate Services A software service that issues certificates for a particular certification authority (CA).
33. Child Object An object that resides in another object. A child object implies relation. For example, a file is a child object that resides in a folder, which is the…
34. Classes Component defining object types within Active Directory.
35. Computers A directory object such as a University owned CPU that an OU administrator supports.
36. Configuration partition (in Active Directory) The configuration directory partition holds information about an entire Active Directory forest, including replication scheduling and site-related…
37. Configuration partition (in ADAM) The configuration directory partition holds information about ADAM replication scheduling and replica sets, information that defines the other partitions…
38. Configuration set A set of AD LDS instances that share and replicate their configuration and schema partitions and can also be configured to share and replicate application…
39. Container In the Exchange Administrator program, an object that contains other objects. For example, the Recipients container is composed of recipient objects.
40. csvde A command-line tool for importing and exporting directory contents, such as schema definitions and directory objects, that are stored as comma-separated…
41. Database layer An architectural layer of Active Directory that isolates the upper layers of the directory service from the underlying database system by exposing…
42. delegation An assignment of administrative responsibility to a user, computer, group, or organization. [Exchange 2003]
43. Digest Access Protocol (DAP) A lightweight authentication protocol for parties involved in communications that are based on Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) or Simple Authentication…
44. Directory A simulated file folder or container used to organize files and directories in a hierarchical or tree-like structure.
45. Directory partition A contiguous sub-tree of the directory that forms a unit of replication. A given replica is always a replica of some directory partition.
46. Directory Service Both the directory information source and the service that makes the information available and usable.
47. Directory Services Markup Language (DSML) An open, extensible, standards-based format for publishing directory service schemas and exchanging directory contents.
48. Directory-enabled application An application that reads, writes, or modifies data that is stored in a directory service.
49. DNS domain naming service
50. Domain A sub-network of servers and computers within a LAN. Domain information is useful when restoring backup tapes, particularly of email.
51. domain controller In an Active Directory forest, a server that contains a writable copy of the Active Directory database, participates in Active Directory replication, and…
52. Domain Controllers Active Directory core service providers, DCs in the same domain share the same information.
53. Domain Name System (DNS) (DNS) Hierarchical distributed database used for name/address translation and client-server rendezvous.
54. Domain Naming Master The master service that controls and authorizes domain naming within the forest.
55. Domain Naming System Domain naming system defines the boundaries of the forest.
56. Domain Specific Contents Every object that is defined solely within the scope of a particular domain.
57. Domain Tree In DNS, the inverted hierarchical tree structure that is used to index domain names.
58. DSML See definition for: Directory Services Markup Language (DSML)
59. ESE See definition for: Extensible Storage Engine (ESE)
60. Extensible Storage Engine (ESE) The Active Directory database engine. ESE (Esent.dll) is an improved version of the Jet database that is used in Microsoft Exchange Server versions 4.
61. Firewall A set of related programs that protect the resources of a private network from users from other networks.
62. Forest Terrestrial ecosystem (biome) with enough average annual precipitation (at least 76 centimeters or 30 inches) to support growth of various species of…
63. Forest trusts Link between global AD partitions.
64. GC See definition for: Global Catalog (GC)
65. GCPD Global Child Production Domain
66. Generic Accounts Named according to function rather than individual. Use for 3 activities: Testing, Development, Training.
67. Global Catalog A directory database that applications and clients can query to locate any object in a forest.
68. Global Catalog (GC) The global catalog contains a partial replica of every Windows 2000 /Windows 2003 domain in the directory.
69. Global Catalog Server A Windows 2000 / Windows 2003 domain controller that holds a copy of the global catalog for the forest.
70. Globally Unique Identifier (GUID) A 16-byte value generated from the unique identifier on a device, the current date and time, and a sequence number.
71. group (also referred to as a Technology Center or TC) - a unit of several Group Art Units in the mechanical, electrical, chemical or design area, managed by one…
72. Group memberships The groups to which a user account belongs. Permissions and rights granted to a group are also provided to its members.
73. Group Policy An administrative tool for managing user settings and computer settings across a network.
74. Group Policy Object A collection of Group Policy settings, stored at the domain level as a virtual object that consists of a Group Policy container and a Group Policy…
75. Group Policy object (GPO) A logical concept that is used to represent a single collective set of computer and/or user policies.
76. GUID A 16-byte value generated from the unique identifier on a device, the current date and time, and a sequence number.
77. Hierarchical namespace Any namespace that is hierarchically structured and provides rules that allow the namespace to be partitioned.
78. HotFix A single, cumulative package composed of one or more files used to address a problem in a product.
79. Infrastructure Master Manages two critical tasks: Update of references from objects in its domain to objects in other domains and update and modification of group members…
80. inheritance The transmission of genes and phenotypes from generation to generation.
81. KCC See definition for: Knowledge Consistency Checker (KCC)
82. Kerberos A security system that authenticates users. Kerberos doesn’t provide authorization to services or databases; it establishes identity at logon, which is…
83. Knowledge Consistency Checker (KCC) A built-in service that runs on all domain controllers and automatically establishes connections between individual machines in the same site.
84. LDAP A protocol for accessing directory information. LDAP or Lightweight Directory Access Protocol is used by browsers and email clients to look up email…
85. ldifde A command-line tool for importing and exporting directory contents to and from Active Directory / ADAM, such as schema definitions and directory objects…
86. LDP ldp.exe is a graphical user interface (GUI) tool for general administration of a Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) directory service.
87. Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) An industry-standard protocol established by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) that allows users to query and update information in a directory…
88. locator service In a distributed system, a feature that allows a client to find a shared resource or server without providing an address or full name.
89. Microsoft Digest A security support provider (SSP) that implements the Digest Access protocol. Microsoft Digest provides a simple challenge-response mechanism for…
90. mixed mode The default operating mode of Exchange when it is installed. Mixed mode allows Exchange 2003 and Exchange 2000 servers and servers running earlier…
91. Multi-master Replication Data can be modified on any DC and is replicated to all other DCs within a domain.
92. Multi-master replication (in Active Directory) A feature of Active Directory that provides and maintains copies of the directory across multiple servers in a domain.
93. Multi-master replication (in ADAM) A feature of Active Directory Application Mode that provides and maintains copies of the directory across multiple servers in a configuration set.
94. Name resolution The process of translating a name into some object or information that the name represents.
95. namespace A prefix applied to URIs, URNs, and XML entities to prevent naming conflicts.
96. native mode An operating mode of Exchange Server 2003 when the Exchange organization consists of only Exchange 2003 or Exchange 2000 servers.
97. Network Service account A predefined local account that is used to start a service and provide the security context for that service.
98. object An entity such as a file, folder, shared folder, printer, or Active Directory object, described by a distinct, named set of attributes.
99. Object identifier (OID) A number that identifies an object class or attribute. Object identifiers (OIDs) are organized into an industry-wide global hierarchy.
100. Operation Masters (OM) AD services that manage requests for specific information changes at either the forest or the domain level.