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The fundamental force which binds electrons to atoms, and governs the physics of light. Any charge feels an electric force from another charge. Moving charge feels a magnetic force from other moving charge.
- Browse Related Terms: Annihilated/annihilation, Antimatter, Antiparticle/antiquark/antielectron, Coupled to Radiation, Electromagnetic Force, Electron, Ion, Ionized, Muon, Neutrino, plasma, Positron, Radiation Gas
Energy that travels through space at the speed of light and moves by the interaction of electric and magnetic fields.
- Browse Related Terms: Auroral Substorms, Cosmic Ray, Electromagnetic Radiation, Electron, Energetic Particles, Ion, Ion, Ionize, Ionosphere, Magnetism, plasma, Proton
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Sometimes called radiation or light. The entire range of wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation includes radio waves, microwaves, infrared light, visible light, ultraviolet light, X-rays, and gamma rays. It is created by a time varying electric field intertwined with a time varying magnetic field. The first field propagates the second, which again propagates the first, and so on.
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The entire range of wavelengths of electromagnetic energy, including (from short to long wavelengths) gamma rays, X rays, ultraviolet light, visible light, infrared, and radio waves.
The entire range of all the various kinds or wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation or light, including (from long to short wavelengths): radio, infrared, visible, ultraviolet, X-rays and gamma rays.
- Browse Related Terms: 171, Electromagnetic Spectrum, Faculae, Gamma Rays, Infrared, Infrared (IR) Radiation, Ionization, radiation, Radio Waves, Solar Flare, Solar Ultraviolet Irradiance, Spectrograph, spectrum, Ultraviolet, Visible Light, Wavelength, X-Rays
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A sub-atomic particle that has a negative electric charge.
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A negatively charge elementary particle that typically resides outside the nucleus of an atom but is bound to it by electromagnetic forces. An electron's mass is tiny: 1,836 electrons equals the mass of one proton.
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The study of fundamental particles (such as quarks and leptons) and their interactions (forces).
- Browse Related Terms: c, speed of light, Elementary Particle Physics, Fundamental Interactions, Fundamental Particles, Gluon, Gravitational Attraction, Last Scattering Surface, Mass Defect, Meson, Particle Accelerators, Particle Physics, Photon, Quark, radiation, Strong Force
The atoms and molecules of a gas are in constant motion, colliding rapidly and filling all available space. The hotter the gas, the faster the atoms move, and the more energy each holds. In a plasma, the free ions and electrons behave the same way, though they are often much more energetic and move at a large fraction of the speed of light (300,000 km/ sec or 186,000 mi/sec). Researchers believe high-energy particles in the solar wind are not merely heated, but actually accelerated by shock waves in front of CMEs and by electric and magnetic effects in flares.
- Browse Related Terms: Auroral Substorms, Cosmic Ray, Electromagnetic Radiation, Electron, Energetic Particles, Ion, Ion, Ionize, Ionosphere, Magnetism, plasma, Proton
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The amount of energy per unit volume. The energy density affects, and is affected by, the expansion or contraction of the universe.
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The amount of energy emitted at a specific wavelength of light. For example, the Sun emits light at many wavelengths, which can be seen by passing sunlight through a prism. The energy spectrum of sunlight is strongest at the wavelength of yellow light, thus the Sun appears yellow to our eyes.
- Browse Related Terms: Absorption Spectra, Black Body Spectrum, Electromagnetic Radiation, Energy Spectrum, Light, period, Scatter, Spectra, spectral line, Wavelength
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To be in a state of perfect balance. A spinning top is a kind of equilibrium untill it falls. As long as the system (meaning what ever is in balance) is untouched by external forces, it remains in balance. All systems naturally fall toward a state of equilibrium.
- Browse Related Terms: Angular resolution, Equilibrium, Feed, Fusion, hypothesis, initial, Kelvin, Mid-Class Explorer (MIDEX), Nucleosynthesis, Quantum Mechanics, Simultaneous
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A time period dominated by a particular physical process.
- Browse Related Terms: Anisotropy, ERA, Frame of Reference, Isotropic, Relic, sensitivity, Stochastic, Systematic Errors
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Changing with time.
- Browse Related Terms: Acceleration, Doppler Effect, evolution, Fluctuation, Phase Transition, Redshift, Velocity
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To create new information based on what is already there.
- Browse Related Terms: Atoms, Baryon, deuterium, Extrapolate, Fission, Isotopes, Neutron, Nucleon, Nucleus/Nuclei, Primordial Nucleosynthesis, Synthesis of Nuclei