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A catch-all phrase for describing how well a biometric system performs. The actual statistic for performance will vary by task (verification, open-set identification (watchlist), and closed-set identification). See www.biometricscatalog.org/biometrics/biometrics_101.pdf for further explanation. See also d prime, detection error trade-off (DET), detect and identification rate, equal error rate, false acceptance rate (FAR), false alarm rate (FAR), false match rate, false non-match rate, false reject rate, identification rate, performance, verification rate.
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A limited sequence of instructions or steps that tells a computer system how to solve a particular problem. A biometric system will have multiple algorithms, for example: image processing, template generation, comparisons, etc.
- Browse Related Terms: Algorithm, Authentication, Automated Biometric Identification System (ABIS), Feature, Feature Extraction, Hamming Distance, IrisCode©, Modality, model, Multimodal Biometric System, Recognition, reference, Template
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All > Technology > Security > Biometrics
A private, non-profit organization that administers and coordinates the U.S. voluntary standardization and conformity assessment system. The mission of ANSI is to enhance both the global competitiveness of U.S. business and the U.S. quality of life by promoting and facilitating voluntary consensus standards and conformity assessment systems, and safeguarding their integrity. For more information visit www.ansi.org. See also INCITS, ISO, NIST.
- Browse Related Terms: ANSI (American National Standards Institute), API (application programming interface), BioAPI (Biometrics Application Programming Interface), Biometric Consortium (BC), FERET (FacE REcognition Technology program), FpVTE - Fingerprint Vendor Technology Evaluation (2003), FRGC (Face Recognition Grand Challenge), FRVT (Face Recognition Vendor Test), ICE (Iris Challenge Evaluation), INCITS (International Committee for Information Technology Standards), ISO (International Organization for Standardization), NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology), Speaker Recognition Evaluations, Speech Recognition, Voice Recognition
All > Technology > Security > Biometrics
Formatting instructions or tools used by an application developer to link and build hardware or software applications.
- Browse Related Terms: ANSI (American National Standards Institute), API (application programming interface), BioAPI (Biometrics Application Programming Interface), Biometric Consortium (BC), FERET (FacE REcognition Technology program), FpVTE - Fingerprint Vendor Technology Evaluation (2003), FRGC (Face Recognition Grand Challenge), FRVT (Face Recognition Vendor Test), ICE (Iris Challenge Evaluation), INCITS (International Committee for Information Technology Standards), ISO (International Organization for Standardization), NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology), Speaker Recognition Evaluations, Speech Recognition, Voice Recognition
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A fingerprint pattern in which the friction ridges enter from one side, make a rise in the center, and exit on the opposite side. The pattern will contain no true delta point. See also delta point, loop, whorl.
- Browse Related Terms: Arch, Bifurcation, Core Point, Delta Point, Fingerprint Recognition, Friction Ridge, Latent Fingerprint, Loop, Minutia(e) Point, Ridge Ending, Whorl
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The submission of a single set of biometric sample to a biometric system for identification or verification. Some biometric systems permit more than one attempt to identify or verify an individual. See also biometric sample, identification, verification.
- Browse Related Terms: Attempt, Challenge Response, Identity Governance, Identity Management, Impostor, Liveness Detection, Mimic, Population, Spoofing, Threat, Vulnerability
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In biometrics, "authentication" is sometimes used as a generic synonym for verification. See also verification.
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Generic term sometimes used in the biometrics community to discuss a biometric system. See also AFIS.
- Browse Related Terms: Algorithm, Authentication, Automated Biometric Identification System (ABIS), Feature, Feature Extraction, Hamming Distance, IrisCode©, Modality, model, Multimodal Biometric System, Recognition, reference, Template
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A highly specialized biometric system that compares a submitted fingerprint record (usually of multiple fingers) to a database of records, to determine the identity of an individual. AFIS is predominantly used for law enforcement, but is also being used for civil applications (e.g. background checks for soccer coaches, etc). See also IAFIS.
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A biometric characteristic that is learned and acquired over time rather than one based primarily on biology. All biometric characteristics depend somewhat upon both behavioral and biological characteristic. Examples of biometric modalities for which behavioral characteristics may dominate include signature recognition and keystroke dynamics. See also biological biometric characteristic.
- Browse Related Terms: Behavioral Biometric Characteristic, Biological Biometric Characteristic, Biometrics, Face Recognition, Gait, Hand Geometry Recognition, Iris Recognition, Keystroke Dynamics, Palm Print Recognition, Signature Dynamics, Speaker Recognition
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The process of comparing measured performance against a standard, openly available, reference.
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The point in a fingerprint where a friction ridge divides or splits to form two ridges, as illustrated below. See also friction ridge, minutia(e) point, ridge ending.
- Browse Related Terms: Arch, Bifurcation, Core Point, Delta Point, Fingerprint Recognition, Friction Ridge, Latent Fingerprint, Loop, Minutia(e) Point, Ridge Ending, Whorl
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Process of parsing (examining) or classifying data in order to accelerate and/or improve biometric matching.
- Browse Related Terms: Automated Fingerprint Identification System (AFIS), benchmarking, Binning, Biometric System, CBEFF (Common Biometric Exchange Formats Framework), Claim of identity, Comparison, Enrollment, Extraction, Identification, Noise, One-to-many, One-to-one, Probe, Throughput Rate, Verification
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Defines the application programming interface and service provider interface for a standard biometric technology interface. The BioAPI enables biometric devices to be easily installed, integrated or swapped within the overall system architecture.
- Browse Related Terms: ANSI (American National Standards Institute), API (application programming interface), BioAPI (Biometrics Application Programming Interface), Biometric Consortium (BC), FERET (FacE REcognition Technology program), FpVTE - Fingerprint Vendor Technology Evaluation (2003), FRGC (Face Recognition Grand Challenge), FRVT (Face Recognition Vendor Test), ICE (Iris Challenge Evaluation), INCITS (International Committee for Information Technology Standards), ISO (International Organization for Standardization), NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology), Speaker Recognition Evaluations, Speech Recognition, Voice Recognition
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A biometric characteristic based primarily on an anatomical or physiological characteristic, rather than a learned behavior. All biometric characteristics depend somewhat upon both behavioral and biological characteristic. Examples of biometric modalities for which biological characteristics may dominate include fingerprint and hand geometry. See also behavioral biometric characteristic.
- Browse Related Terms: Behavioral Biometric Characteristic, Biological Biometric Characteristic, Biometrics, Face Recognition, Gait, Hand Geometry Recognition, Iris Recognition, Keystroke Dynamics, Palm Print Recognition, Signature Dynamics, Speaker Recognition
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An open forum to share information throughout government, industry, and academia. For more information visit www.biometrics.org.
- Browse Related Terms: ANSI (American National Standards Institute), API (application programming interface), BioAPI (Biometrics Application Programming Interface), Biometric Consortium (BC), FERET (FacE REcognition Technology program), FpVTE - Fingerprint Vendor Technology Evaluation (2003), FRGC (Face Recognition Grand Challenge), FRVT (Face Recognition Vendor Test), ICE (Iris Challenge Evaluation), INCITS (International Committee for Information Technology Standards), ISO (International Organization for Standardization), NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology), Speaker Recognition Evaluations, Speech Recognition, Voice Recognition
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A catch-all phrase for computer data created during a biometric process. It encompasses raw sensor observations, biometric samples, models, templates and/or similarity scores. Biometric data is used to describe the information collected during an enrollment, verification, or identification process, but does not apply to end user information such as user name, demographic information and authorizations.
- Browse Related Terms: Biometric Data, Decision, Difference Score, Match, matching, Similarity Score
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Information or computer data obtained from a biometric sensor device. Examples are images of a face or fingerprint.
- Browse Related Terms: Biometric Sample, EFTS (Electronic Fingerprint Transmission Specification), Integrated Automated Fingerprint Identification System (IAFIS), Live Capture, Rolled Fingerprints, Segmentation, Sensor, Slap Fingerprint, Token, Wavelet Scalar Quantization (WSQ)
All > Technology > Security > Biometrics
Multiple individual components (such as sensor, matching algorithm, and result display) that combine to make a fully operational system. A biometric system is an automated system capable of:
- Capturing a biometric sample from an end user
- Extracting and processing the biometric data from that sample
- Storing the extracted information in a database
- Comparing the biometric data with data contained in one or more reference references
- Deciding how well they match and indicating whether or not an identification or verification of identity has been achieved.
A biometric system may be a component of a larger system.
- Browse Related Terms: Automated Fingerprint Identification System (AFIS), benchmarking, Binning, Biometric System, CBEFF (Common Biometric Exchange Formats Framework), Claim of identity, Comparison, Enrollment, Extraction, Identification, Noise, One-to-many, One-to-one, Probe, Throughput Rate, Verification
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A general term used alternatively to describe a characteristic or a process.
As a characteristic: A measurable biological (anatomical and physiological) and behavioral characteristic that can be used for automated recognition.
As a process: Automated methods of recognizing an individual based on measurable biological (anatomical and physiological) and behavioral characteristics.
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