Clean Water Act (CWA) (CWA)

The Superfund law incorporates those substances listed as hazardous water pollutants under section 311 (b)(4) of the Clean Water Act (CWA) as CERCLA hazardous substances. Section 311 of the CWA also addresses pollution from oil and hazardous substance releases, providing EPA and the U.S. Coast Guard with the authority to establish a program for preventing, preparing for, and responding to oil spills and hazardous substance releases that occur in navigable waters of the United States.

Requires National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permits for discharges of effluents to surface waters, permits for storm water discharges related to industrial activity, and notification of oil discharges to navigable waters of the United States.