Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ)

The assertion of jurisdiction under the EEZ (3 nautical miles/3.45 statute miles to 200 nautical miles/230.16 statute miles offshore) provides a basis for U.S. economic exploration and exploitation, scientific research, and protection of the environment. While coastal states have primary jurisdiction and control over the first three miles of the EEZ and the federal government has primary jurisdiction over and controls the remaining 197 miles, the Coastal Zone Management Act provides coastal states with substantial authority to influence federal actions beyond three nautical miles.