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An important class of lymphocytes that mature in bone marrow (in mammals) and the Bursa of Fabricius (in birds) and produce antibodies. Largely responsible for the antibody-mediated or humoral immune response, giving rise to the antibody-producing plasma cells and some other cells of the immune system. Synonym: B lymphocyte.
- Browse Related Terms: adoptive immunization, allergen, antibody-mediated immune response, auto-immune disease, auto-immunity, B cell, cell-mediated (cellular) immune response, clonal selection, effector cells, humoral immune response, immune response, immunization, immunogenicity, immunoprophylaxis, immunosuppressor, Interleukin, lymphokine, major histocompatibility antigen, memory cell, monokine, multivalent vaccine, passive immunity, phagocytes, primary immune response, secondary immune response, T cell, T-cell-mediated (cellular) immune response, universal donor cell, vaccination
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A supernumerary chromosome present in some individuals (both plant and animal). They are smaller than the normal chromosomes, behave abnormally in both mitosis and meiosis, can vary in number between somatic cells and are not thought to have any significant gene content.
- Browse Related Terms: B chromosome, Chimera, consanguinity, endopolyploidy, graft hybrid, heredity, lineage, pedigree, proband, sport, strain, transgenic
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See: B cell.
- Browse Related Terms: asexual embryogenesis, B lymphocyte, Colony, corpus, cytolysis, cytotoxic T cell, cytotoxicity, DNA micro-array, Instability, intracellular, metabolic cell, mutagenesis, myeloma, nucleo-cytoplasmic ratio, organized tissue, PCV, plant cell culture, sieve element, single-cell line, somatic cell variant, somatic reduction, stomatal complex, syncytium, T lymphocyte, tumor suppressor gene
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Abbreviation for biosynthetic antibody binding sites.
- Browse Related Terms: A-site, AB, BABS, basic fibroblast growth factor, BFGF, IPR, MAB, npt-II, ovum pickup, parts per million, PERV, plant variety protection, v/v
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Abbreviation for bacterial artificial chromosome.
- Browse Related Terms: BAC, chromosome aberration, HAC, human artificial chromosome, mega yeast artificial chromosome, semi-sterility, YAC
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A rod-shaped bacterium.
A rod-shaped bacterium.
- Browse Related Terms: Agrobacterium tumefaciens, amylolytic, Bacillus, Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), coccus, Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD), morphology, viable, vibrio
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(Abbreviation: Bt). A bacterium that produces a toxin against certain insects, particularly Coloeoptera and Lepidoptera; a major means of insecticide for organic farming. Some of the toxin genes are important for transgenic approaches to crop protection.
- Browse Related Terms: anti-idiotype antibody, Bacillus thuringiensis, exogenous DNA, gene gun, genetically modified organism, microprojectile bombardment, Reporter gene, transgene
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A bacterium that kills insects; a major component of the microbial pesticide industry.
- Browse Related Terms: acaricide, Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), bio-accumulation, Cry1A, Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Fungicide, insecticide, LD50, open pollination, persistent, Pesticide, Resistance management
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A second mutation at the same site in a gene as the original mutation. The second mutation restores the wild-type protein sequence.
- Browse Related Terms: amorph, back mutation, cis heterozygote, cryptic, Darwinian cloning, Deletion, down promoter mutation, genetic disease, hemophilia, heteroallele, hypomorph, Irradiation, mutable gene, Mutation, mutation pressure, neutral mutation, neutral theory, Point mutation, Recessive gene, silent mutation, Site-directed mutagenesis, somatic hypermutation, spontaneous mutation, trans heterozygote, X-linked disease
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Crossing an organism with one of its parent organisms.
Crossing an individual with one of its parents or with the genetically equivalent organism. The offspring of such a cross are referred to as the backcross generation or backcross progeny.
- Browse Related Terms: Backcross, dihybrid, EPD, estimated breeding value, hybrid, monohybrid cross, overdominance, segregant, selection differential, Selective breeding, somatic hybridization, specific combining ability, tri-hybrid
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A plasmid vector that can be used to clone large inserts of DNA (up to 500 kb). See: yeast artificial chromosome.
- Browse Related Terms: amplify, bacterial artificial chromosome, bacteriophage, Bacteriophage (phage or phage particle), bifunctional vector, cloning vehicle, forced cloning, gene cloning, integrating vector, lambda phage, library, mini-prep, phagemids, post-replication repair, targeting vector, yeast artificial chromosome
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A toxin produced by a bacterium, such as Bt toxin of Bacillus thuringiensis.
- Browse Related Terms: antibiotic, antibiotic resistance marker gene, asymmetric hybrid, bacterial toxin, biologics, cephem-type antibiotic, host-specific toxin, mutagen, Resistance, Structure-functionalism, susceptible, Tolerance
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A class of antibiotics that kills bacterial cells.
A chemical or drug that kills bacterial cells.
- Browse Related Terms: bacteriocide, biolistics, chemotherapy, Competency, competent, Electroporation, explosion method, Expression library
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A protein produced by bacteria of one strain and active against those of a closely related strain.
- Browse Related Terms: bacteriocin, casein, chimeric protein, Chloramphenicol, cytochrome p450, delta endotoxins, ecdysone, enterotoxin, Enzymes, G protein, G-protein coupled receptor, heterologous protein, homodimer, homomultimer, hypervariable segment, isoform, metallothionein, multimer, mycoprotein, native protein, primosome, recA, ribosome-inactivating protein, SOS response, supercoiled plasmid, tubulin, ubiquitin
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(Abbreviation: phage). A virus that infects bacteria. Altered forms are used as cloning vectors. See: lambda phage, M13.
- Browse Related Terms: amplify, bacterial artificial chromosome, bacteriophage, Bacteriophage (phage or phage particle), bifunctional vector, cloning vehicle, forced cloning, gene cloning, integrating vector, lambda phage, library, mini-prep, phagemids, post-replication repair, targeting vector, yeast artificial chromosome
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A virus that in- fects bacteria. Altered forms are used as vectors for cloning DNA.
- Browse Related Terms: amplify, bacterial artificial chromosome, bacteriophage, Bacteriophage (phage or phage particle), bifunctional vector, cloning vehicle, forced cloning, gene cloning, integrating vector, lambda phage, library, mini-prep, phagemids, post-replication repair, targeting vector, yeast artificial chromosome
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A substance that inhibits or slows down growth and reproduction of bacteria.
A class of antibiotics that prevents growth of bacterial cells.
- Browse Related Terms: allometric, antagonism, antimicrobial agent, antiseptic, auxotroph, Bacteriostat, cabinet, catabolic pathway, Cyclic AMP (cyclic adenosine monophosphate), geotropism, growth curve, growth inhibitor, luxury consumption, Malignant, organic complex, phenolic oxidation, photoperiod, thinning, Toxin
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A single-celled, microscopic prokaryotic organism: a single cell organism without a distinct nucleus.
(pl.: bacteria) nicellular prokaryotic organisms, without a distinct nucleus. Major distinctive groups are defined by Gram staining. Also classified on the basis of oxygen requirement (aerobic vs anaerobic) and shape (spherical = coccus; rodlike = bacillus; spiral = spirillum; comma-shaped = vibrio; corkscrew-shaped = spirochaete; filamentous).
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A class of insect virus used to make DNA cloning vectors for gene expression in eukaryotic cells. Production of a target protein can be up to 50% of the cells' protein content, and several proteins can be made simultaneously, so that multi-sub-unit enzymes can be made by this system.
- Browse Related Terms: baculovirus, co-repressor, dosage compensation, effector molecule, Functional genomics, inducer, micro-array, negative control system, positive control system, Prion-related protein (PrP), proteomics, repressible gene, trans-acting factor, transcriptional roadblock
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(Abbreviation: BEV). A method for the in vitro production of complex recombinant eukaryotic protein s. A genetically engineered baculovirus (a virus that infects certain types of insects) is introduced into appropriate cultured insect cells, which then express the recombinant protein.
- Browse Related Terms: amniocentesis, autologous cells, baculovirus expression vector, batch fermentation, cell number, co-transfection, culture alteration, established culture, Fibroblast, harvesting, immortalizing oncogene, micronutrient, packed cell volume, passage number, passage time, plaque, plating efficiency, primary culture, sub-culture interval, sub-culture number