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• Prefix used to designate the human form of an enzyme. For example, hGH is human growth hormone.

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  American Psychological Association (APA)

  H. (n.d.). Glossary of Biotechnology for Food and Agriculture. Retrieved February 4, 2023, from website: http://www.expertglossary.com/definition/h.

  Chicago Manual of Style (CMS)

  H. www.fao.org. Glossary of Biotechnology for Food and Agriculture. UN Food and Agriculture Organization. http://www.expertglossary.com/definition/h (accessed: February 4, 2023).

  Modern Language Association (MLA)

  "H." Glossary of Biotechnology for Food and Agriculture. UN Food and Agriculture Organization. 4 February. 2023 http://www.expertglossary.com/definition/h.

• Browse Related Terms: Diabetes, endocrine interference, GH, growth regulator, growth retardant, H, hGH, human growth hormone, Insulin, parahormone, pheromone, replacement therapy, somatocrinin, Somatostatin, Somatotrophin, somatotropin

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• The phenomenon whereby, after a number of sub-cultures, cells can grow without the addition to the tissue culture medium of previously obligatory factors. Such cells are then autonomous.

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  American Psychological Association (APA)

  habituation. (n.d.). Glossary of Biotechnology for Food and Agriculture. Retrieved February 4, 2023, from website: http://www.expertglossary.com/definition/habituation.

  Chicago Manual of Style (CMS)

  habituation. www.fao.org. Glossary of Biotechnology for Food and Agriculture. UN Food and Agriculture Organization. http://www.expertglossary.com/definition/habituation (accessed: February 4, 2023).

  Modern Language Association (MLA)

  "habituation." Glossary of Biotechnology for Food and Agriculture. UN Food and Agriculture Organization. 4 February. 2023 http://www.expertglossary.com/definition/habituation.

• Browse Related Terms: artificial medium, bridge, chemically-defined medium, defined, exotoxin, explant, fortify, free-living conditions, habituation, isolation medium, Jiffy potä, Media, nutrient gradient, organ culture, osmoticum, passage, production environment, reversal transfer, serial float culture, spent medium, Steward bottle, suspension culture, Tissue culture

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• Abbreviation for human artificial chromosome.

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  HAC. (n.d.). Glossary of Biotechnology for Food and Agriculture. Retrieved February 4, 2023, from website: http://www.expertglossary.com/definition/hac.

  Chicago Manual of Style (CMS)

  HAC. www.fao.org. Glossary of Biotechnology for Food and Agriculture. UN Food and Agriculture Organization. http://www.expertglossary.com/definition/hac (accessed: February 4, 2023).

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  "HAC." Glossary of Biotechnology for Food and Agriculture. UN Food and Agriculture Organization. 4 February. 2023 http://www.expertglossary.com/definition/hac.

• Browse Related Terms: BAC, chromosome aberration, HAC, human artificial chromosome, mega yeast artificial chromosome, semi-sterility, YAC

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• Protein containing iron, located in erythrocytes of vertebrates; important for the transportation of oxygen to the cells of the body.

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  American Psychological Association (APA)

  haemoglobin. (n.d.). Glossary of Biotechnology for Food and Agriculture. Retrieved February 4, 2023, from website: http://www.expertglossary.com/definition/haemoglobin.

  Chicago Manual of Style (CMS)

  haemoglobin. www.fao.org. Glossary of Biotechnology for Food and Agriculture. UN Food and Agriculture Organization. http://www.expertglossary.com/definition/haemoglobin (accessed: February 4, 2023).

  Modern Language Association (MLA)

  "haemoglobin." Glossary of Biotechnology for Food and Agriculture. UN Food and Agriculture Organization. 4 February. 2023 http://www.expertglossary.com/definition/haemoglobin.

• Browse Related Terms: DNA delivery system, doubling time, ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid, export, generation time, haemoglobin, palisade parenchyma, sex duction

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• The mixture of blood and other fluids in the body cavity of an invertebrate.

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  American Psychological Association (APA)

  haemolymph. (n.d.). Glossary of Biotechnology for Food and Agriculture. Retrieved February 4, 2023, from website: http://www.expertglossary.com/definition/haemolymph.

  Chicago Manual of Style (CMS)

  haemolymph. www.fao.org. Glossary of Biotechnology for Food and Agriculture. UN Food and Agriculture Organization. http://www.expertglossary.com/definition/haemolymph (accessed: February 4, 2023).

  Modern Language Association (MLA)

  "haemolymph." Glossary of Biotechnology for Food and Agriculture. UN Food and Agriculture Organization. 4 February. 2023 http://www.expertglossary.com/definition/haemolymph.

• Browse Related Terms: antihaemophilic globulin, antiserum, bleeding, class switching, globulins, haemolymph, helper cell, leukocyte, lymphocyte, Plasma, plasma cells, reticulocyte, serum

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• A sex-linked hereditary bleeding disorder in which it takes a long time for the blood to clot and abnormal bleeding occurs. This disease affects mostly males.

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  American Psychological Association (APA)

  haemophilia. (n.d.). Glossary of Biotechnology for Food and Agriculture. Retrieved February 4, 2023, from website: http://www.expertglossary.com/definition/haemophilia.

  Chicago Manual of Style (CMS)

  haemophilia. www.fao.org. Glossary of Biotechnology for Food and Agriculture. UN Food and Agriculture Organization. http://www.expertglossary.com/definition/haemophilia (accessed: February 4, 2023).

  Modern Language Association (MLA)

  "haemophilia." Glossary of Biotechnology for Food and Agriculture. UN Food and Agriculture Organization. 4 February. 2023 http://www.expertglossary.com/definition/haemophilia.

• Browse Related Terms: androgen, follicle stimulating hormone, gonad, haemophilia, heterogametic, homogametic, oestrogen, oestrous, oestrous cycle, oestrus, spermatogenesis, spermatozoon, testis, testosterone

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• A region in one strand of a polynucleotide which, due to an inverted repeat in the sequence, may under appropriate conditions fold back on itself and form a limited segment of double-stranded DNA with a loop at one end.

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  hairpin loop. (n.d.). Glossary of Biotechnology for Food and Agriculture. Retrieved February 4, 2023, from website: http://www.expertglossary.com/definition/hairpin-loop.

  Chicago Manual of Style (CMS)

  hairpin loop. www.fao.org. Glossary of Biotechnology for Food and Agriculture. UN Food and Agriculture Organization. http://www.expertglossary.com/definition/hairpin-loop (accessed: February 4, 2023).

  Modern Language Association (MLA)

  "hairpin loop." Glossary of Biotechnology for Food and Agriculture. UN Food and Agriculture Organization. 4 February. 2023 http://www.expertglossary.com/definition/hairpin-loop.

• Browse Related Terms: anneal, cot curve, Cross-hybridization, D loop, denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis, DNA hybridization, double-stranded DNA, fold-back, hairpin loop, heteroduplex analysis, Hybridization, inverted repeat, polymerase chain reaction, R-loops, renaturation, Renature, single-strand conformational polymorphism, Stringency

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• A culture consisting of highly branched roots of a plant. A plant tissue is treated with the bacterium Agrobacterium rhizogenes containing the Ri plasmid, which causes the explant to grow highly branched roots from the sites of infection. Transgenes engineered into the plasmid can be expressed in these cultures.

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  American Psychological Association (APA)

  hairy root culture. (n.d.). Glossary of Biotechnology for Food and Agriculture. Retrieved February 4, 2023, from website: http://www.expertglossary.com/definition/hairy-root-culture.

  Chicago Manual of Style (CMS)

  hairy root culture. www.fao.org. Glossary of Biotechnology for Food and Agriculture. UN Food and Agriculture Organization. http://www.expertglossary.com/definition/hairy-root-culture (accessed: February 4, 2023).

  Modern Language Association (MLA)

  "hairy root culture." Glossary of Biotechnology for Food and Agriculture. UN Food and Agriculture Organization. 4 February. 2023 http://www.expertglossary.com/definition/hairy-root-culture.

• Browse Related Terms: anther culture, boring platform, explant donor, hairy root culture, indirect embryogenesis, indirect organogenesis, panicle culture, primary growth, protocorm, stock plant

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• A disease of broad-leaved plants, where a proliferation of root-like tissue is formed from the stem. Hairy root disease is a tumorous state similar to crown gall, and is induced by the bacterium Agrobacterium rhizogenes, when containing an Ri plasmid.

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  American Psychological Association (APA)

  hairy root disease. (n.d.). Glossary of Biotechnology for Food and Agriculture. Retrieved February 4, 2023, from website: http://www.expertglossary.com/definition/hairy-root-disease.

  Chicago Manual of Style (CMS)

  hairy root disease. www.fao.org. Glossary of Biotechnology for Food and Agriculture. UN Food and Agriculture Organization. http://www.expertglossary.com/definition/hairy-root-disease (accessed: February 4, 2023).

  Modern Language Association (MLA)

  "hairy root disease." Glossary of Biotechnology for Food and Agriculture. UN Food and Agriculture Organization. 4 February. 2023 http://www.expertglossary.com/definition/hairy-root-disease.

• Browse Related Terms: cambial zone, cortex, crown, endodermis, hairy root disease, hypocotyl, pericycle, secondary thickening, stele, stolon, thallus, tropism

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• A plant species adapted to soils containing a concentration of salt that is toxic to most plant species. See: salt tolerance.

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  American Psychological Association (APA)

  halophyte. (n.d.). Glossary of Biotechnology for Food and Agriculture. Retrieved February 4, 2023, from website: http://www.expertglossary.com/definition/halophyte.

  Chicago Manual of Style (CMS)

  halophyte. www.fao.org. Glossary of Biotechnology for Food and Agriculture. UN Food and Agriculture Organization. http://www.expertglossary.com/definition/halophyte (accessed: February 4, 2023).

  Modern Language Association (MLA)

  "halophyte." Glossary of Biotechnology for Food and Agriculture. UN Food and Agriculture Organization. 4 February. 2023 http://www.expertglossary.com/definition/halophyte.

• Browse Related Terms: Abiotic stress, co-evolution, glycoalkaloids, halophyte, nitrification, Nitrogen fixation, salt tolerance, soil amelioration, soil-less culture, thermophile, water potential, xerophyte

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• See: microdroplet array.

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  American Psychological Association (APA)

  hanging droplet technique. (n.d.). Glossary of Biotechnology for Food and Agriculture. Retrieved February 4, 2023, from website: http://www.expertglossary.com/definition/hanging-droplet-technique.

  Chicago Manual of Style (CMS)

  hanging droplet technique. www.fao.org. Glossary of Biotechnology for Food and Agriculture. UN Food and Agriculture Organization. http://www.expertglossary.com/definition/hanging-droplet-technique (accessed: February 4, 2023).

  Modern Language Association (MLA)

  "hanging droplet technique." Glossary of Biotechnology for Food and Agriculture. UN Food and Agriculture Organization. 4 February. 2023 http://www.expertglossary.com/definition/hanging-droplet-technique.

• Browse Related Terms: Dalton, hanging droplet technique, kDa, MDA, megaDalton, multiple drop array

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• A cell or organism containing one of each of the pairs of homologous chromosomes found in the normal diploid cell.

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  haploid. (n.d.). Glossary of Biotechnology for Food and Agriculture. Retrieved February 4, 2023, from website: http://www.expertglossary.com/definition/haploid.

  Chicago Manual of Style (CMS)

  haploid. www.fao.org. Glossary of Biotechnology for Food and Agriculture. UN Food and Agriculture Organization. http://www.expertglossary.com/definition/haploid (accessed: February 4, 2023).

  Modern Language Association (MLA)

  "haploid." Glossary of Biotechnology for Food and Agriculture. UN Food and Agriculture Organization. 4 February. 2023 http://www.expertglossary.com/definition/haploid.

• Browse Related Terms: allopolyploid, aneuploid, disomic, euploid, Germ line, haploid, nullisomy, octoploid, Organic agriculture, persistence, somatic cell, tetraploid, triploid, Trisomy

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• A cell containing only one set, or half the usual (diploid) number, of chromosomes.

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  American Psychological Association (APA)

  Haploid cell. (n.d.). An Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Annotated Dictionary. Retrieved February 4, 2023, from website: http://www.expertglossary.com/definition/haploid-cell.

  Chicago Manual of Style (CMS)

  Haploid cell. filebox.vt.edu. An Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Annotated Dictionary. Susan Allender-Hagedorn and Charles Hagedorn. http://www.expertglossary.com/definition/haploid-cell (accessed: February 4, 2023).

  Modern Language Association (MLA)

  "Haploid cell." An Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Annotated Dictionary. Susan Allender-Hagedorn and Charles Hagedorn. 4 February. 2023 http://www.expertglossary.com/definition/haploid-cell.

• Browse Related Terms: Diploid cell, Haploid cell, heteroploid, mixoploid, Ploidy, somatic cell hybrid panel

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• A specific allelic constitution at a number of loci within a defined linkage block.

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  American Psychological Association (APA)

  Haplotype. (n.d.). Glossary of Biotechnology for Food and Agriculture. Retrieved February 4, 2023, from website: http://www.expertglossary.com/definition/haplotype.

  Chicago Manual of Style (CMS)

  Haplotype. www.fao.org. Glossary of Biotechnology for Food and Agriculture. UN Food and Agriculture Organization. http://www.expertglossary.com/definition/haplotype (accessed: February 4, 2023).

  Modern Language Association (MLA)

  "Haplotype." Glossary of Biotechnology for Food and Agriculture. UN Food and Agriculture Organization. 4 February. 2023 http://www.expertglossary.com/definition/haplotype.

• Browse Related Terms: gene linkage, genetic linkage, Haplotype, Mendel's Laws, Synteny, testcross

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• See: hemizygous.

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  American Psychological Association (APA)

  haplozygous. (n.d.). Glossary of Biotechnology for Food and Agriculture. Retrieved February 4, 2023, from website: http://www.expertglossary.com/definition/haplozygous.

  Chicago Manual of Style (CMS)

  haplozygous. www.fao.org. Glossary of Biotechnology for Food and Agriculture. UN Food and Agriculture Organization. http://www.expertglossary.com/definition/haplozygous (accessed: February 4, 2023).

  Modern Language Association (MLA)

  "haplozygous." Glossary of Biotechnology for Food and Agriculture. UN Food and Agriculture Organization. 4 February. 2023 http://www.expertglossary.com/definition/haplozygous.

• Browse Related Terms: alpha globulin, autocatalytic reaction, biological ageing, Cofactor, deoxycytidine, diplochromosome, DMSO, ER, Estrogen, false fruit, filial generation, gobar, haplozygous, heat therapy, hemolymph, homeodomain, idiogram, immunochemical control, in situ plaque hybridization, lac repressor-lac promoter system, mariculture, Michaelis constant, molecular pharming, nullisomic, photoautotroph, pleiotropic, poly-(A) tail, procaryotic, septate, T0, T1 and T2 cell, ultrasonication, viviparous, water soaked

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• A small molecule, which by itself is not an antigen, but which as a part of a larger structure when linked to a carrier protein, can serve as an antigenic determinant.

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  hapten. (n.d.). Glossary of Biotechnology for Food and Agriculture. Retrieved February 4, 2023, from website: http://www.expertglossary.com/definition/hapten.

  Chicago Manual of Style (CMS)

  hapten. www.fao.org. Glossary of Biotechnology for Food and Agriculture. UN Food and Agriculture Organization. http://www.expertglossary.com/definition/hapten (accessed: February 4, 2023).

  Modern Language Association (MLA)

  "hapten." Glossary of Biotechnology for Food and Agriculture. UN Food and Agriculture Organization. 4 February. 2023 http://www.expertglossary.com/definition/hapten.

• Browse Related Terms: allotype, antibody, antibody binding site, antigen, antigenic determinant, ELISA, epitope, hapten, immunogen, Monoclonal antibodies, Polyclonal antibodies, polyclonal antibody

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• A serum protein that interacts with haemoglobin during recycling of the iron molecule of haemoglobin. Synonym: alpha globulin.

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  American Psychological Association (APA)

  haptoglobin. (n.d.). Glossary of Biotechnology for Food and Agriculture. Retrieved February 4, 2023, from website: http://www.expertglossary.com/definition/haptoglobin.

  Chicago Manual of Style (CMS)

  haptoglobin. www.fao.org. Glossary of Biotechnology for Food and Agriculture. UN Food and Agriculture Organization. http://www.expertglossary.com/definition/haptoglobin (accessed: February 4, 2023).

  Modern Language Association (MLA)

  "haptoglobin." Glossary of Biotechnology for Food and Agriculture. UN Food and Agriculture Organization. 4 February. 2023 http://www.expertglossary.com/definition/haptoglobin.

• Browse Related Terms: allosteric transition, capsid, coat protein, haptoglobin, hemoglobin, quaternary structure, spliceosome, unencapsidated

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• Adapting glasshouse or controlled environment grown plants to outdoor conditions by reducing availability of water, lowering the temperature, increasing light intensity, or reducing the nutrient supply. The hardening-off process conditions plants for survival when transplanted outdoors.

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  hardening off. (n.d.). Glossary of Biotechnology for Food and Agriculture. Retrieved February 4, 2023, from website: http://www.expertglossary.com/definition/hardening-off.

  Chicago Manual of Style (CMS)

  hardening off. www.fao.org. Glossary of Biotechnology for Food and Agriculture. UN Food and Agriculture Organization. http://www.expertglossary.com/definition/hardening-off (accessed: February 4, 2023).

  Modern Language Association (MLA)

  "hardening off." Glossary of Biotechnology for Food and Agriculture. UN Food and Agriculture Organization. 4 February. 2023 http://www.expertglossary.com/definition/hardening-off.

• Browse Related Terms: anaerobic, animal cell immobilization, bioprocess, Controlled Environment, denitrification, ex-situ conservation, growth cabinet, hardening off, high throughput screening, hormone, lead compound, merozygote, parturition

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• The frequencies of genotypes at a locus resulting from random mating at that locus; for two alleles, A₁ and A₂, with respective frequencies in a population of p and q, the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium frequencies are p² A₁A₁; 2pq A₁A₂; q² A₂A₂. Departure from these frequencies is an indication that random mating is not occurring.

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  Cite Definition for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium

  American Psychological Association (APA)

  Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. (n.d.). Glossary of Biotechnology for Food and Agriculture. Retrieved February 4, 2023, from website: http://www.expertglossary.com/definition/hardy-weinberg-equilibrium.

  Chicago Manual of Style (CMS)

  Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. www.fao.org. Glossary of Biotechnology for Food and Agriculture. UN Food and Agriculture Organization. http://www.expertglossary.com/definition/hardy-weinberg-equilibrium (accessed: February 4, 2023).

  Modern Language Association (MLA)

  "Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium." Glossary of Biotechnology for Food and Agriculture. UN Food and Agriculture Organization. 4 February. 2023 http://www.expertglossary.com/definition/hardy-weinberg-equilibrium.

• Browse Related Terms: character, concordance, economic trait locus, ETL, genetic distance, genetic distancing, genetic relatedness, Genetics, Genotype, Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, marker-assisted selection, monomorphic, penetrance, pleiotropy, polygene, Polymorphisms, quantitative inheritance, selection coefficient

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• 1. The process involved in gathering ripened crops. 2. The collection of cells from cell cultures or of organs from donors for the purpose of transplantation.

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  American Psychological Association (APA)

  harvesting. (n.d.). Glossary of Biotechnology for Food and Agriculture. Retrieved February 4, 2023, from website: http://www.expertglossary.com/definition/harvesting.

  Chicago Manual of Style (CMS)

  harvesting. www.fao.org. Glossary of Biotechnology for Food and Agriculture. UN Food and Agriculture Organization. http://www.expertglossary.com/definition/harvesting (accessed: February 4, 2023).

  Modern Language Association (MLA)

  "harvesting." Glossary of Biotechnology for Food and Agriculture. UN Food and Agriculture Organization. 4 February. 2023 http://www.expertglossary.com/definition/harvesting.

• Browse Related Terms: amniocentesis, autologous cells, baculovirus expression vector, batch fermentation, cell number, co-transfection, culture alteration, established culture, Fibroblast, harvesting, immortalizing oncogene, micronutrient, packed cell volume, passage number, passage time, plaque, plating efficiency, primary culture, sub-culture interval, sub-culture number

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