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A bud not protected by bud scales.
- Browse Related Terms: apical dominance, bud sport, budding, determinate growth, indeterminate growth, latent bud, lateral bud, mixed bud, naked bud, nodal culture, Node, plumule, Runner, shoot tip, single node culture, sympodial, terminal bud, turion
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A plasmid that can replicate in one, or at most a few, different bacterial species.
- Browse Related Terms: Amplification, assortment, broad-host-range plasmid, Cloning vector, curing, gene conversion, multi-copy, narrow-host-range plasmid, operational definition, Plasmid, Relaxed plasmid, replicase, replicon, replisome, shuttle vector, Stringent plasmid
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The proportion of the phenotypic variance that is due to variation in breeding values; the proportion of the phenotypic variance that is due to additive genetic variance.
- Browse Related Terms: additive genetic variance, balanced polymorphism, breed at risk, EBV, elite tree, farm animal genetic resources, fertile, founder animal, genetic diversity, genetic selection, narrow-sense heritability, non-additive genetic variation, Population genetics, selection, true-to-type
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A nonregulatory agency which has oversight of research activities that the agency funds.
- Browse Related Terms: EPA, Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA), FIFRA, National Institutes of Health (NIH), National Science Foundation (NSF), refugium, Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA), U.S. Department of Agriculture
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A nonregulatory agency which has oversight of biotechnology research activities that the agency funds.
- Browse Related Terms: EPA, Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA), FIFRA, National Institutes of Health (NIH), National Science Foundation (NSF), refugium, Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA), U.S. Department of Agriculture
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The naturally occurring form of a protein.
- Browse Related Terms: bacteriocin, casein, chimeric protein, Chloramphenicol, cytochrome p450, delta endotoxins, ecdysone, enterotoxin, Enzymes, G protein, G-protein coupled receptor, heterologous protein, homodimer, homomultimer, hypervariable segment, isoform, metallothionein, multimer, mycoprotein, native protein, primosome, recA, ribosome-inactivating protein, SOS response, supercoiled plasmid, tubulin, ubiquitin
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The differential survival and reproduc- tion of organisms with genetic characteristics that enable them to better utilize environmental resources.
The concept developed by Charles Darwin that genes which produce characteristics that are more favorable in a particular environment will be more abundant in the next generation.
The differential survival and reproduction of organisms because of differences in characteristics that affect their ability to utilize environmental resources.
- Browse Related Terms: acquired, Adaptation, broad-sense heritability, callipyge, chromosomal aberration, co-segregation, Evolution, Green revolution, heritability, management of farm animal genetic resources, natural selection, oncogenesis, phenocopy, quantitative genetics, syndrome, trait
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Death of tissue evidenced by discolouration, dehydration and loss of organization.
- Browse Related Terms: degeneration, direct organogenesis, excision, histocompatibility, induction media, intercalary, necrosis, organized growth, polarity, senescence, Stroma, totipotency
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Inhibition of the expression of a gene or set of co-ordinately regulated genes by the product of the gene or the product of one of the genes. Synonym: negative self-regulation.
- Browse Related Terms: autogenous control, BEV, biosilk, cDNA clone, cis-acting sequence, co-suppression, constitutive, DNA construct, down-regulate, epigenetic variation, EST, expressivity, gene imprinting, gene translocation, genetic immunization, glucocorticoid, glyphosate oxidoreductase, immediate early gene, incomplete penetrance, inducible gene, inhibitor, modifying gene, negative autogenous regulation, polygalacturonase, position effect, pUC, Transfection, transient expression, transposon tagging, Variable surface glycoprotein (VSG)
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A mechanism by which a regulatory protein is required to turn off gene expression.
- Browse Related Terms: baculovirus, co-repressor, dosage compensation, effector molecule, Functional genomics, inducer, micro-array, negative control system, positive control system, Prion-related protein (PrP), proteomics, repressible gene, trans-acting factor, transcriptional roadblock
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Selection against individuals possessing a certain character. Opposite: positive selection.
- Browse Related Terms: allozygote, antagonist, co-transformation, complementation test, dihaploid, dimorphism, essential derivation of varieties, F2, genet, genetic heterogeneity, genetic variation, germplasm, intragenic complementation, isogenic, mass selection, maternal effect, negative selection, P1, P2, provenance, selection response, sub-strain, twin
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Slender, unsegmented worms, often parasitic. Also known as eelworm, especially when phytoparasitic.
- Browse Related Terms: enhancer element, enhancer sequence, helminth, mite, nematode, phytoparasitic, thermal shock
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See: organogenesis.
- Browse Related Terms: bud, caulogenesis, coleoptile, coleorhiza, growth substance, mericloning, meristem tip culture, minituber, neo-formation, serial division, shoot apex, shoot differentiation
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(Abbreviation: npt-II). An enzyme which detoxifies the antibiotic neomycin, used as a marker gene to select for successfully transformed cells in plant transgenesis. See: neor.
- Browse Related Terms: ARMG, cos sites, cosmid, dominant selectable marker, kanr, neomycin phosphotransferase II, neor, selectable marker, tetracycline, Thymidine kinase (tk)
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Localized cell multiplication, forming a tumour. Generally the result of genetic transformation. Neoplasmic cells differ in structure and function from the original cell type.
- Browse Related Terms: beta-lactamase, DNA transformation, ex vivo gene therapy, gene therapy, gene transfer, genetic transformation, immortalization, neoplasm, polyethylene glycol, reconstructed cell, Transformant, transformation, Transformation efficiency, transformation efficiency or frequency, Tumor virus, tumour virus
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Neomycin-resistance gene. See: antibiotic resistance marker gene, neomycin phosphotransferase II, selectable marker.
- Browse Related Terms: ARMG, cos sites, cosmid, dominant selectable marker, kanr, neomycin phosphotransferase II, neor, selectable marker, tetracycline, Thymidine kinase (tk)
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The retention of juvenile body characters in the adult state, or the occurrence of adult characters in the juvenile state.
- Browse Related Terms: cryopreservation, freeze preservation, holometabolous, hypothalamic peptides, neoteny
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Photosynthetic activity minus respiratory activity, measured by the net absorption of carbon dioxide.
- Browse Related Terms: aerobic respiration, anaerobic respiration, autotroph, autotrophic, charcoal, ethyl alcohol, heterotroph, inorganic compound, mineralization, net photosynthesis, photophosphorylation, Photosynthesis, photosynthetic, ribulose
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A mutation that changes the nucleotide sequence of a gene, but has no observable effect on the fitness of the organism.
- Browse Related Terms: amorph, back mutation, cis heterozygote, cryptic, Darwinian cloning, Deletion, down promoter mutation, genetic disease, hemophilia, heteroallele, hypomorph, Irradiation, mutable gene, Mutation, mutation pressure, neutral mutation, neutral theory, Point mutation, Recessive gene, silent mutation, Site-directed mutagenesis, somatic hypermutation, spontaneous mutation, trans heterozygote, X-linked disease