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A class of plant genes conferring resistance to a specific strain (or group of strains) of a particular pathogen. Their primary function is to sense the presence of the pathogen and to trigger the defence pathways in the plant. R genes have been cloned from a number of plant species.
- Browse Related Terms: albinism, chlorosis, cytochrome, disease-free, graft inoculation test, Immunity, inoculate, pathovar, phytopathogen, R genes, rust, source organism
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Single-stranded DNA regions in RNA -DNA hybrids formed in vitro under conditions where RNA -DNA duplexes are more stable than DNA -DNA duplexes.
- Browse Related Terms: anneal, cot curve, Cross-hybridization, D loop, denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis, DNA hybridization, double-stranded DNA, fold-back, hairpin loop, heteroduplex analysis, Hybridization, inverted repeat, polymerase chain reaction, R-loops, renaturation, Renature, single-strand conformational polymorphism, Stringency
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The first-generation offspring of a recombinant (genetically modified) organism. Not standard terminology. See: T0, T1, and T2.
- Browse Related Terms: attenuated vaccine, biosafety, biosafety protocol, Cartagena protocol, containment, Convention on Biological Diversity, deliberate release, Genetic engineering, genetic resources, genetically engineered organism, GEO, GM food, GMO, precautionary principle, R1
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A distinguishable group of organisms of a particular species. Criteria for distinctness can be one or a combination of geographic, ecological, physiological, morphological, genetic and karyotypic factors.
- Browse Related Terms: bacterium, Germ cell (germ line) gene therapy, germ cell gene therapy, karyotype, micro-organism, microfibril, organ, RACE, trisomic
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An inflorescence in which the main axis is elongated but the flowers are borne on pedicels that are about equal in length.
- Browse Related Terms: dicot, panicle, raceme, rachilla, receptacle, spike
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Main axis of a spike; axis of fern leaf (frond) from which pinnae arise; in compound leaves, the extension of the petiole corresponding to the midrib of an entire leaf.
- Browse Related Terms: axillary bud, bract, cotyledon, direct embryogenesis, etiolation, lamina, leaf blade, leaf bud cutting, leaf margin, leaf primordium, leaf scar, leaflet, meristele, meristem culture, meristem tip, petiole, rachis, sporophyll, stoma, stomatal index, vitrified
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(Abbreviation: RH). A somatic cell hybrid panel in which the chromosomes from the species of interest have been fragmented by irradiation prior to cell fusion. The resultant small fragments of chromosomes greatly increase the power of physical map ping in the species of interest.
- Browse Related Terms: anchor gene, centiMorgan, Contiguous (contig) map, gene mapping, Genetic linkage map, genetic map, genetic mapping, linkage map, map, map distance, map unit, mapping, mapping function, physical map, quantitative trait locus, radiation hybrid cell panel, recombination fraction, Sequence tagged site (STS)
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The portion of the plant embryo which develops into the primary root.
- Browse Related Terms: epiphyte, fibrous root, forskolin, hydroponics, mist propagation, pre-transplant, radicle, rhizobacterium, Rhizosphere, rol, root cutting, root tuber, Root zone, scion-stock interaction, secondary root, tap root, understock, vermiculite
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(Abbreviation: RIA). An assay based on the use of a radioactively labelled antibody, where the amount of radiation detected indicates the amount of target substance present in the sample.
- Browse Related Terms: alkylating agent, bp, cDNA, cytosine, Enzyme Commission number, guanine, heterogeneous nuclear RNA, megabase, Radioimmunoassay, ribonuclease, rRNA, thymidine kinase, thymine, tk, uracil
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An unstable isotope that emits ionizing radiation. Synonym: radioactive isotope.
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An individual member of a clone, descended from the ortet.
- Browse Related Terms: clonal propagation, Clone, donor plant, Fission, offspring, organism, production traits, ramet, Species, suckering, vegetative propagation
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(Abbreviation: RAPD). A PCR -based genotyping technique in which genomic template is amplified with single, short (usually 10-mer) randomly chosen primers. Typical patterns consist of a small number of amplified products of up to 2 kbp in length, which are separated by electrophoresis.
- Browse Related Terms: AFLP, amplified fragment length polymorphism, arbitrarily primed polymerase chain reaction, exon amplification, inter-simple sequence repeat, internal transcribed spacer, random amplified polymorphic DNA, RAPD, RFLP, SCAR, sequence characterized amplified region, sequence-tagged site, single primer amplification reaction, STS
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See: genetic drift.
- Browse Related Terms: complementation, drift, eugenics, heterogeneity, landrace, onco-mouse, pure line, quantum speciation, random genetic drift
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A non-directed change of one or more nucleotide pairs in a DNA molecule.
- Browse Related Terms: anticodon, biotinylated-DNA, deoxyribonucleotide, dinucleotide, direct repeat, DNA repair, genetic information, non repetitive DNA/RNA, oligonucleotide, Origin of replication, primer walking, random mutagenesis, Ribonucleotide, Sequence, triplet, upstream
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A method for labelling DNA probes, mainly for Southern hybridization experiments. A mixture of short oligonucleotides is hybridized to a single-stranded DNA probe. In the presence of DNA polymerase and deoxyribonucleotides - one of which is labelled - DNA synthesis then generates labelled copies of probe DNA.
- Browse Related Terms: colony hybridization, DNA probe, fluorescent probe, gene probe, heterologous probe, in situ colony, isotope, multi-locus probe, nick translation, nucleic acid probe, Probe, random primer method
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Abbreviation for random amplified polymorphic DNA.
- Browse Related Terms: AFLP, amplified fragment length polymorphism, arbitrarily primed polymerase chain reaction, exon amplification, inter-simple sequence repeat, internal transcribed spacer, random amplified polymorphic DNA, RAPD, RFLP, SCAR, sequence characterized amplified region, sequence-tagged site, single primer amplification reaction, STS
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The enzyme whose activity controls the output of final product from a multi-enzyme metabolic pathway.
- Browse Related Terms: allosteric enzyme, anabolic pathway, end-product inhibition, feedback inhibition, protein metabolic step, protocol, rate-limiting enzyme
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A systematic method of creating compounds by analysing their structure, function and stereochemical interactions.
- Browse Related Terms: antinutrient, antioxidant, biosynthesis, biotoxin, chromogenic substrate, contaminant, dehydrogenation, Desiccant, inducible promoter, lignin, lipid, metal affinity chromatography, null mutation, phenolics, Phosphorylation, photosynthate, photosynthetic efficiency, pigment, plant growth regulator, plastoquinone, rational drug design, therapeutic agent, toxicity