All > Science > Biotechnology and Genetics > Food Biotechnology
Abbreviation for thymine.
- Browse Related Terms: A, ACP, AI, ASA, BOD, Bt, C, CBD, ccc DNA, cM, cpDNA, EDV, F1, g, GDP, GLP, GRAS, GUS, Hup+, log phase, LPS, MAS, messenger RNA, monocot, mtDNA, NFT, OLA, OPU, ORF, PEG, PG, Phage, PHB, PPM, PR protein, PWP, RH, RIA, RIP, RNAase, RNase, RuBP, SC, SCA, SCE, SCP, simple sequence repeat, SNP, sperm, ssDNA, T, U, VSG
Also listed in:
All > Science > Biotechnology and Genetics > Food Biotechnology
Lymphocytes which pass through the thymus gland during maturation. Different kinds of T cells play important roles in the immune response. Synonym: T lymphocyte. See: T-cell-mediated (cellular) immune response.
- Browse Related Terms: adoptive immunization, allergen, antibody-mediated immune response, auto-immune disease, auto-immunity, B cell, cell-mediated (cellular) immune response, clonal selection, effector cells, humoral immune response, immune response, immunization, immunogenicity, immunoprophylaxis, immunosuppressor, Interleukin, lymphokine, major histocompatibility antigen, memory cell, monokine, multivalent vaccine, passive immunity, phagocytes, primary immune response, secondary immune response, T cell, T-cell-mediated (cellular) immune response, universal donor cell, vaccination
Also listed in:
- All > Healthcare > Medicine > Cancer
- All > Science > Biotechnology and Genetics > Stem Cell
All > Science > Biotechnology and Genetics > Food Biotechnology
The synthesis of antigen-specific T cell receptors and the development of killer T cells in response to an encounter of immune system cells with an unrecognized immunogenic molecule.
- Browse Related Terms: adoptive immunization, allergen, antibody-mediated immune response, auto-immune disease, auto-immunity, B cell, cell-mediated (cellular) immune response, clonal selection, effector cells, humoral immune response, immune response, immunization, immunogenicity, immunoprophylaxis, immunosuppressor, Interleukin, lymphokine, major histocompatibility antigen, memory cell, monokine, multivalent vaccine, passive immunity, phagocytes, primary immune response, secondary immune response, T cell, T-cell-mediated (cellular) immune response, universal donor cell, vaccination
All > Science > Biotechnology and Genetics > Food Biotechnology
An antigen -binding protein, located on the surface of mammalian killer T cells, which mediates the cellular immune response. T cell antigen encoding genes are assembled from gene segments by processes that occur during lymphocyte differentiation.
- Browse Related Terms: Drosophila melanogaster, Joining (J) segment, joining segment, major histocompatibility complex, pair-rule gene, recombinant toxin, segment-polarity gene, T cell receptor, tribrid protein
All > Science > Biotechnology and Genetics > Food Biotechnology
The DNA segment of the Ti plasmid, present in pathogenic Agrobacterium tumefaciens, that is transferred to plant cells and inserted into the plant's DNA as part of the infection process. Wild type T-DNA encodes enzymes that induce the plant to synthesize specific opines that are required for bacterial growth. In engineered T-DNA s, these genes are replaced by a transgene (s).
- Browse Related Terms: Agrobacterium, Agrobacterium rhizogenes, Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation, binary vector system, crown gall, gall, opine, Ri plasmid, T-DNA, Ti (tumor-inducing) plasmid, Ti plasmid
All > Science > Biotechnology and Genetics > Food Biotechnology
The transforming region of DNA in the Ti plasmid of Agrobacterium tumefaciens.
- Browse Related Terms: carrier DNA DNA, co-integrate vector system, E. coli, episome, F factor, Hfr, incompatibility group, IPTG, mobilization, par gene, pBR322, Plasmid (p), relaxed circle plasmid, resistance factor, T-DNA (transfer DNA, tumor-DNA), tripartite mating, Tumor-inducing plasmid, tumour-inducing plasmid
All > Science > Biotechnology and Genetics > Food Biotechnology
See: T #cell.
- Browse Related Terms: asexual embryogenesis, B lymphocyte, Colony, corpus, cytolysis, cytotoxic T cell, cytotoxicity, DNA micro-array, Instability, intracellular, metabolic cell, mutagenesis, myeloma, nucleo-cytoplasmic ratio, organized tissue, PCV, plant cell culture, sieve element, single-cell line, somatic cell variant, somatic reduction, stomatal complex, syncytium, T lymphocyte, tumor suppressor gene
Also listed in:
- All > Healthcare > Medicine > Cancer
- All > Science > Biotechnology and Genetics > Stem Cell
All > Science > Biotechnology and Genetics > Food Biotechnology
Successive generations of plants following a transformation event. The parent transformed plant is T0, its immediate progeny is T1, and the progeny of the T1 are T2 plants etc. Of particular interest is the stability of transgene expression from T0 to T2, and beyond.
- Browse Related Terms: Arabidopsis, aureofacin, chloroplast DNA, dominant marker selection, kanamycin, model, pat gene, plantibody, screen, stacked genes, T0, T1 and T2, transgenesis, Transgenic plant
All > Science > Biotechnology and Genetics > Food Biotechnology
.
- Browse Related Terms: alpha globulin, autocatalytic reaction, biological ageing, Cofactor, deoxycytidine, diplochromosome, DMSO, ER, Estrogen, false fruit, filial generation, gobar, haplozygous, heat therapy, hemolymph, homeodomain, idiogram, immunochemical control, in situ plaque hybridization, lac repressor-lac promoter system, mariculture, Michaelis constant, molecular pharming, nullisomic, photoautotroph, pleiotropic, poly-(A) tail, procaryotic, septate, T0, T1 and T2 cell, ultrasonication, viviparous, water soaked
All > Science > Biotechnology and Genetics > Food Biotechnology
An enzyme, present in bacteria infected with bacteriophage T4, which catalyses the joining (ligation ) of, and repairs nicks in, duplex DNA molecules. Ligation activity requires that one DNA molecule has a 5'-phosphate group, and that the other has a free 3'-hydroxyl group.
- Browse Related Terms: activated carbon, allosteric regulation, allosteric site, catalyst, catalytic site, co-factor, Coenzyme (cofactor), ligand, metalloenzyme, repressible enzyme, Ribozyme, T4 DNA ligase
All > Science > Biotechnology and Genetics > Food Biotechnology
The in vitro addition, to the 3'-hydroxyl ends of a double-stranded DNA molecule, of multiple copies of a single nucleotide by the enzyme terminal transferase. Synonym: homopolymeric tailing.
- Browse Related Terms: dA - dT tailing, dG - dC tailing, exo III, exodeoxyribonuclease III, Exonuclease, exonuclease III, tailing
Also listed in:
All > Science > Biotechnology and Genetics > Food Biotechnology
See: tandem repeat.
- Browse Related Terms: ISSR, LTR, sequence tandem repeat, SSR, STR, tandem array, variable number tandem repeat, VNTR
All > Science > Biotechnology and Genetics > Food Biotechnology
Two (or more) contiguous identical DNA sequences. The orientation can be either head-to-tail, or head-to-head. Synonyms: tandem array, sequence tandem repeat.
- Browse Related Terms: complementary homopolymeric tailing, concatemer, homopolymeric tailing, repeat unit, tandem repeat
All > Science > Biotechnology and Genetics > Food Biotechnology
A fermentation vessel designed to grow large scale quantities of a micro-organism (bacteria, yeast or fungi). Most tank bioreactor s are designed to be stirred mechanically, since this allows effective distribution throughout the culture of gas and nutrients. Alternative bioreactors use fibre or membrane surfaces to immobilize the cultured cells.
- Browse Related Terms: chemostat, co-culture, culture room, fed-batch fermentation, laminar air-flow cabinet, membrane bioreactor, micro-carrier, microalgal culture, nurse culture, paper raft technique, Petri dish, phytostat, raft culture, stationary culture, tank bioreactor
All > Science > Biotechnology and Genetics > Food Biotechnology
Root system in which the primary root has a much larger diameter than any lateral roots (e.g. carrot). Opposite: fibrous root.
- Browse Related Terms: epiphyte, fibrous root, forskolin, hydroponics, mist propagation, pre-transplant, radicle, rhizobacterium, Rhizosphere, rol, root cutting, root tuber, Root zone, scion-stock interaction, secondary root, tap root, understock, vermiculite
All > Science > Biotechnology and Genetics > Food Biotechnology
A heat-stable DNA polymerase isolated from the thermophilic bacterium Thermus aquaticus, widely used in PCR.
A heat-stable DNA polymerase isolated from the bacterium Therrnus aquaticus, used in PCR. (See Polymerase.)
- Browse Related Terms: amplicon, AP-PCR, arbitrary primer, capillary electrophoresis, differential display, DNA amplification, DNA fingerprint, DNA fingerprinting, DNA polymerase, DNA sequencing, multiple arbitrary amplicon profiling, multiplex, Polymerase chain reaction (PCR), Taq polymerase
All > Science > Biotechnology and Genetics > Food Biotechnology
In diagnostic tests, the molecule or nucleic acid sequence assayed in a sample. In mutagenesis, the that needs to be altered to generate the desired change in phenotype.
- Browse Related Terms: Coat protein (capsid), diagnostic procedure, encapsidation, glycosylation, homopolymer, labelling, Nucleic acids, nucleoprotein, primary structure, proteinaceous infectious particle, Proteinaceous infectious particle (prion), sequence divergence, sucrose density gradient centrifugation, TARGET, Transcapsidation, viral coat protein
Also listed in:
All > Science > Biotechnology and Genetics > Food Biotechnology
A short sequence of DNA duplicated when a transposable element inserts at a new locus; usually found at each end of the insertion.
- Browse Related Terms: insertion sequence, IS element, jumping gene, long interspersed nuclear element, retro-element, retroposon, target site duplication, transposon
All > Science > Biotechnology and Genetics > Food Biotechnology
A method of delivering the activated form of a drug molecule to the site in the body where it is needed, rather than allowing it reach the target by uncontrolled diffusion.
- Browse Related Terms: acceptor junction site, cloning site, donor junction site, E site, lymphoma, oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis, oligonucleotide-directed site-specific mutagenesis, recognition sequence, restriction site, targeted drug delivery