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Variable region in antibodies. See: CDR.
- Browse Related Terms: abzyme, antibody class, antibody structure, complementarity-determining regions, DAB, Fab, FC, hypervariable region, IgA/Igd/IgG/IgE/IgM, immunoglobulin, immunosensor, in situ hybridization, kappa chain, lambda chain, V region
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Abbreviation for volume per volume. The relative proportion of each liquid in a mixture.
- Browse Related Terms: A-site, AB, BABS, basic fibroblast growth factor, BFGF, IPR, MAB, npt-II, ovum pickup, parts per million, PERV, plant variety protection, v/v
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See: preventive immunization.
- Browse Related Terms: adoptive immunization, allergen, antibody-mediated immune response, auto-immune disease, auto-immunity, B cell, cell-mediated (cellular) immune response, clonal selection, effector cells, humoral immune response, immune response, immunization, immunogenicity, immunoprophylaxis, immunosuppressor, Interleukin, lymphokine, major histocompatibility antigen, memory cell, monokine, multivalent vaccine, passive immunity, phagocytes, primary immune response, secondary immune response, T cell, T-cell-mediated (cellular) immune response, universal donor cell, vaccination
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A preparation of dead or weakened pathogen, or of derived antigenic determinants, that is used to induce formation of antibodies or immunity against the pathogen. (See Polyvalent vaccine, Subunit vaccine.)
A preparation of dead or attenuated (weakened) pathogens, or of derived antigenic determinants, that can induce the formation of antibodies in a host, and thereby produce host immunity against the pathogen. See: sub-unit vaccine, viral vaccine, DNA vaccine, inoculum.
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The cowpox virus used to vaccinate against smallpox and, experimentally, as a carrier of genes for antigenic determinants cloned from other disease organisms.
The cowpox virus used to vaccinate against smallpox and, experimentally, as a carrier of genes for antigenic determinants cloned from other disease organisms.
- Browse Related Terms: candidate-gene strategy, codon optimization, DNA cloning, expression system, functional gene cloning, Gene splicing, recombinant, Recombinant DNA technology, recombinant protein, recombinant vaccine, replacement, source DNA, sub-unit vaccine, Vaccinia
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A fluid-filled membrane-bound cavity inside many plant cells, in which various plant products and by-products are stored.
- Browse Related Terms: differentially permeable, endocytosis, Golgi apparatus, inclusion body, ion channel, lamella, liposome, lysis, organelle, Permeable, secretion, vacuole
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Regions of antibody molecules that have different amino acid sequences in different antibody molecules. These regions are responsible for the antigen-binding specificity of the antibody.
- Browse Related Terms: affinity chromatography, avidity, Binding, catalytic antibody, Catalytic antibody (abzyme), combining site, complement proteins Protein, enzyme stabilization, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, immunoassay, immunotherapy, nitrocellulose, paratope, primary antibody, promoter, receptor, secondary antibody, variable domain
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Variation in the phenotype caused by different alleles of the same gene and/or by the action of other genes and/or by the action of non-genetic factors.
- Browse Related Terms: allele frequency, allelic, allelic exclusion, allelomorph, cline, co-dominance, DNA diagnostics, DNA polymorphism, DNA replication, Epistasis, fixation, gene interaction, Genetic drift, homoallele, homogenotization, homozygote, isoallele, lethal gene, lethal mutation, marker-assisted introgression, Mendelian segregation, microsatellite, multiple alleles, null allele, recessive allele, trinucleotide repeat, variable expressivity
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(Abbreviation: VNTR). A DNA sequence, present as tandem repeats, for which the number of copies varies greatly between unrelated genotypes.
- Browse Related Terms: ISSR, LTR, sequence tandem repeat, SSR, STR, tandem array, variable number tandem repeat, VNTR
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(Abbreviation: VSG). One of a battery of antigenic determinants expressed by a micro-organism to elude immune detection.
- Browse Related Terms: ag, CD molecules, histocompatibility complex, HLA, human-leukocyte-antigen system, MHC, monoclonal antibody, variable surface glycoprotein
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One of a battery of antigenic determinants expressed by a microorganism to elude immune detection.
- Browse Related Terms: autogenous control, BEV, biosilk, cDNA clone, cis-acting sequence, co-suppression, constitutive, DNA construct, down-regulate, epigenetic variation, EST, expressivity, gene imprinting, gene translocation, genetic immunization, glucocorticoid, glyphosate oxidoreductase, immediate early gene, incomplete penetrance, inducible gene, inhibitor, modifying gene, negative autogenous regulation, polygalacturonase, position effect, pUC, Transfection, transient expression, transposon tagging, Variable surface glycoprotein (VSG)
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A statistical term representing a measure of the dispersion of data from the overall mean. Used to quantify the variability of a population.
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An individual that is genetically distinct from others in the population.
- Browse Related Terms: artificial selection, Feral, Fitness, founder principle, gene (resources) conservation, gene flow, hybrid selection, Pesticide resistance, Standard deviation, standard error, transgressive variation, variant, Variation
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Differences between individuals within a population or among populations.
Differences in the frequency of genes and traits among individual organisms within a population.
- Browse Related Terms: artificial selection, Feral, Fitness, founder principle, gene (resources) conservation, gene flow, hybrid selection, Pesticide resistance, Standard deviation, standard error, transgressive variation, variant, Variation
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The occurrence, within a single tissue, organ or organism, of mosaicism. Usually referring to plants showing either both green and albino colouration in a leaf, or flecks of contrasting colour in a flower. The origin of variegation can be through viral infection, nutritional deficiency, or genetic instability caused by transposon activity. See also: chimera
- Browse Related Terms: ABC model, angiosperm, dicotyledon, gibberellins, gymnosperm, inflorescence, monocotyledon, perennial, petal, phytochrome, plastid, pseudocarp, pyrethrins, short-day plant, variegation, vernalization, vessel element
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1. A naturally occurring subdivision of a species, with distinct morphological characters. 2. A defined strain of a crop plant, selected on the basis of phenotypic (sometimes genotypic) homogeneity.
Subdivision of a species for taxonomic classification. Used interchangeably with the term cultivar to denote a group of individuals that is distinct genetically from other groups of individuals in the species. An agricultural variety is a group of similar plants that by structural features and performance can be identified from other varieties within the same species.
- Browse Related Terms: barnase, Biopharming, biopiracy, disrupter gene, gene bank, genetic use restriction technology, plant genetic resources, terminator gene, Transgenic animal, Variety, velogenetics
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Plant tissue specialized for the conduction of water or nutrients
- Browse Related Terms: companion cell, edible vaccine, histology, proteome, saprophyte, sieve cell, sieve tube, Traditional breeding, trans test, vascular, vascular plant, vascular system, virus-free, yeast
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A strand of tissue containing and primary phloem (and procambium if present) and frequently enclosed by a bundle sheath of parenchyma or fibres.
- Browse Related Terms: determined, gravitropism, primary tissue, procambium, protoderm, protomeristem, vascular bundle
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In biennials and perennials, cambium giving rise to secondary phloem and secondary xylem.
- Browse Related Terms: cambium, fascicle, growth ring, interfascicular cambium, lateral meristem, metabolomics, plus tree, secondary growth, secondary metabolite, secondary phloem, secondary plant product, secondary vascular tissue, secondary xylem, vascular cambium
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Plant species possessing organized vascular tissues.
- Browse Related Terms: companion cell, edible vaccine, histology, proteome, saprophyte, sieve cell, sieve tube, Traditional breeding, trans test, vascular, vascular plant, vascular system, virus-free, yeast