Retin-A-MicroA topical preparation of tretinoin that is used to treat acne. Tretinoin is a form of vitamin A.
retina(RET-ih-nuh) The light-sensitive layers of nerve tissue at the back of the eye that receive images and sends them as electric signals through the optic…
retinoblastoma(REH-tih-noh-blas-TOH-muh) Cancer that forms in the tissues of the retina (the light-sensitive layers of nerve tissue at the back of the eye).
Retinoic acid(REH-tih-NOH-ik A-sid) A form of vitamin A that is made by the body, and can also be made in the laboratory.
retinyl palmitateA drug that is being studied in the prevention of cancer. It belongs to the family of drugs called retinoids.
Retirement Benefit (Pension)A payment or series of payments made to you after you retire from work. Generally, the amount of your income from a pension or retirement account…
retromolar trigone(reh-troh-MOH-ler TRY-gone) The small area behind the wisdom teeth.
retroperitoneal(REH-troh-PAYR-ih-toh-NEE-ul) Having to do with the area outside or behind the peritoneum (the tissue that lines the abdominal wall and covers most of the…
retropubic prostatectomy(reh-troh-PYOO-bik PROS-tuh-TEK-toh-mee) Surgery to remove the prostate through an incision made in the wall of the abdomen.
RetrospectiveLooking back at events that have already taken place.
retrospective cohort studyA research study in which the medical records of groups of individuals who are alike in many ways but differ by a certain characteristic (for example…
retrospective studyA study that compares two groups of people: those with the disease or condition under study (cases) and a very similar group of people who do not have the…
retroviral vectorRNA from a virus that is used to insert genetic material into cells.
retrovirus(REH-troh-VY-rus) A type of virus that has RNA instead of DNA as its genetic material.
reverse transcription(ree-VERS tran-SKRIP-shun) In biology, the process in cells by which an enzyme makes a copy of DNA from RNA.
ReVia(reh-VEE-uh) A drug that blocks the action of opiates (drugs used to treat pain).
ReviewA review is the basis of FDA's decision to approve an application. It is a comprehensive analysis of clinical trial data and other information prepared by…
Review ClassificationThe NDA and BLA classification system provides a way of describing drug applications upon initial receipt and throughout the review process and…
Revlimid(REV-lih-mid) A drug that is similar to thalidomide, and is used to treat multiple myeloma and certain types of anemia.
RevM10 geneAn antiviral gene that is being studied in the treatment of cancer in patients who have HIV, the virus that causes AIDS.
Reye syndrome(RAY SIN-drome) A rare disease that damages the brain and liver and causes death if not treated.
rF-TRICOMA cancer vaccine made with a form of a chicken virus that does not cause disease in humans. It is being studied in the treatment of some types of cancer.
RFT5-dgA immunotoxin(... IH-myoo-noh-TOK-sin) A monoclonal antibody linked to a toxic substance. It is being studied in the treatment of melanoma that has spread to distant…
rhabdoid tumorA malignant tumor of either the central nervous system (CNS) or the kidney. Malignant rhabdoid tumors of the CNS often have an abnormality of chromosome…
rhabdomyosarcoma(RAB-doh-MY-oh-sar-KOH-muh) Cancer that forms in the soft tissues in a type of muscle called striated muscle.
rheumatismA group of disorders marked by inflammation or pain in the connective tissue structures of the body. These structures include bone, cartilage, and fat.
Rheumatoid arthritis(ROO-muh-TOYD ar-THRY-tis) An autoimmune disease that causes pain, swelling, and stiffness in the joints, and may cause severe joint damage, loss of…
Rheumatrex(ROO-muh-trex) A drug used to treat some types of cancer, severe skin conditions such as psoriasis, and rheumatoid arthritis.
rhIL-11A drug used to increase the number of blood cells, especially platelets, in some cancer patients receiving chemotherapy.
rhinoscope(RY-noh-skope) A thin, tube-like instrument used to examine the inside of the nose.
rhinoscopy(ry-NOS-koh-pee) Examination of the inside of the nose using a rhinoscope. A rhinoscope is a thin, tube-like instrument with a light and a lens for…
rhizoxinA substance that is being studied in the treatment of cancer. It comes from a fungus and is similar to vinca alkaloid drugs.
rhubarb(ROO-barb) The root of this plant has been used in some cultures to treat certain medical problems. It may have anti-inflammatory and anticancer effects.
ribavirinA drug used to treat respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection in the lungs.
ribonucleic acid(RY-boh-noo-KLAY-ik A-sid) One of the two types of nucleic acids found in all cells.
ribonucleotide reductase inhibitorA family of anticancer drugs that interfere with the growth of tumor cells by blocking the formation of deoxyribonucleotides (building blocks of DNA).
Richter syndrome(RIK-ter SIN-drome) A rare condition in which chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) changes into a fast-growing type of lymphoma.
Richter transformation(RIK-ter TRANZ-for-MAY-shun) A rare condition in which chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) changes into a fast-growing type of lymphoma.
Rider (exclusionary rider)A rider is an amendment to an insurance policy. Some riders will add coverage (for example, if you buy a maternity rider to add coverage for pregnancy to…
rifampinA drug used in the treatment of infections caused by bacteria. It belongs to the family of drugs called antibiotics.
risedronate(ris-ED-roe-nate) A substance that is being studied in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.
RiskThe possibility of loss; the uncertainty of future returns.
Risk AdjustmentA statistical process that takes into account the underlying health status and health spending of the enrollees in an insurance plan when looking at their…
Risk corridorA temporary provision in the ACA that requires plans whose costs are lower than anticipated to make payments into a fund that reimburses plans whose costs…
risk factorSomething that may increase the chance of developing a disease. Some examples of risk factors for cancer include age, a family history of certain cancers…
Risk Factor or Risk BehaviorBehavior or other factor that places a person at risk for disease; for HIV/AIDS, this includes such factors as male-to-male sexual contact, injection drug…
risk factorsTraits that make it more likely that a person will get an illness. For example, a risk factor for getting type 2 diabetes is having a family history of…
Risk ratioSome investors and financial analysts try to estimate the risk an investment poses by speculating on how much the investment is likely to increase in…
ritonavirA drug that belongs to the family of drugs called protease inhibitors. It interferes with the ability of a virus to make copies of itself.
Ritual(RIH-chuh-wul) In medicine, a repeated action (such as hand washing) done to relieve feelings of fear, dread, and uneasiness.
Rituxan(rih-TUK-sun) A monoclonal antibody used to treat certain types of B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma.
rituximab(rih-TUK-sih-mab) A monoclonal antibody used to treat certain types of B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma.
RK-0202A substance that is being studied in the prevention of oral mucositis in patients receiving radiation therapy or chemotherapy for head and neck cancer.
RMP-7A substance that is being studied for its ability to help other drugs reach the brain. It belongs to the family of drugs called bradykinin agonists.
RNAOne of the two types of nucleic acids found in all cells. In the cell, RNA is made from DNA (the other type of nucleic acid), and proteins are made from…
Ro 31-7453A substance that is being studied in the treatment of cancer. It may prevent cancer cells from dividing.
Ro 50-3821A substance that is being studied in the treatment of anemia in patients who are receiving chemotherapy.
rofecoxib(ROH-feh-COK-sib) A drug that was being used for pain relief and was being studied for its ability to prevent cancer and to block the growth of new blood…
Roman chamomile(ROH-mun KA-muh-mile) A type of chamomile plant with daisy-like white flowers that is found in Europe, North America, and Argentina.
romidepsin(ROH-mih-DEP-sin) A substance being studied in the treatment of cancer. Romidepsin is a type of depsipeptide and histone deacetylase inhibitor.
romiplostim(roh-mih-PLOH-stim) A drug used to treat patients with immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) who do not get better with other forms of treatment.
Rooting reflex(ROO'-ting REE'-flex) a reflex in infants that causes the turning of the head to the nipple and opening of the mouth when the cheek is touched or stroked.
ropivacaine(roh-PIH-vuh-kayn) A drug used to control pain and to cause a temporary loss of feeling in one part of the body, during and after surgery.
ropivacaine hydrochloride(roh-PIH-vuh-kayn HY-droh-KLOR-ide) A drug used to control pain and to cause a temporary loss of feeling in one part of the body, during and after surgery.
rosiglitazone(roh-sig-LIH-tuh-zone) The active ingredient in a drug that helps control the amount of glucose (sugar) in the blood and is being studied in the…
rosiglitazone maleate(roh-sig-LIH-tuh-zone MAY-lee-AYT) A drug that helps control the amount of glucose (sugar) in the blood and is being studied in the prevention and…
routeA route of administration is a way of administering a drug to a site in a patient.
RPI.4610A substance that is being studied in the treatment of kidney cancer. It may prevent the growth of blood vessels from surrounding tissue to the tumor.
RPR 109881AA substance that is being studied in the treatment of cancer. It belongs to the family of drugs called taxanes.
RSR13A substance being studied for its ability to increase the effectiveness of radiation therapy. It is a type of radiosensitizer. Also called efaproxiral.
RSVA virus that causes respiratory infections with cold-like symptoms. Also called respiratory syncytial virus.
RTA 744A substance being studied in the treatment of adult brain tumors. RTA 744 crosses the blood-brain barrier and blocks an enzyme needed for cancer growth.
RU 486A drug used to end early pregnancies. It is also being studied in the treatment of some types of cancer and other conditions.
Rubex(ROO-bex) A drug that is used to treat many types of cancer and is being studied in the treatment of other types of cancer.
rV-TRICOMA cancer vaccine made with a form of a vaccinia virus that does not cause disease in humans. It is being studied in the treatment of some types of cancer.
Ryan White Program Data Report (RDR)Formerly known as the CARE Act Data Report (CADR), a provider-based report generating aggregate client, provider, and service data for all Ryan White…