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A concept of tax fairness that states that people with different amounts of wealth or different amounts of income should pay tax at different rates. Wealth includes assets such as houses, cars, stocks, bonds, and savings accounts. Income includes wages, interest and dividends, and other payments.
- Browse Related Terms: ability to pay, benefits received, Earned Income Credit (EIC), financial records, Gross Income, horizontal equity, underground economy, vertical equity
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Gross income reduced by certain amounts, such as a deductible IRA contribution or student loan interest
- Browse Related Terms: adjusted gross income (AGI), Citizen or Resident Test, dependency exemption, dependent, exemptions, filing status, foster child, Head of Household filing status, Married Filing Joint filing status, Married Filing Separate filing status, personal exemption, qualifying child, qualifying relative, Qualifying Widow(er) filing status, single filing status, standard deduction, tax deduction, tax-exempt interest income
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Money that taxpayers must pay to the government when the total tax is greater than their total tax payments
- Browse Related Terms: amount due, deficit, Direct Deposit, inflation, interest, interest income, nonrefundable credit, Refund, refundable credit, tax liability (or total tax bill), taxes, withholding ("pay-as-you-earn" taxation)
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To call for a review of an IRS decision or proposed adjustment.
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All > Business > Finance > Personal Finance > Income Tax
A business authorized by the IRS to participate in the IRS e-file Program. The business may be a sole proprietorship, a partnership, a corporation, or an organization. Authorized IRS e-file Providers include Electronic Return Originators (EROs), Transmitters, Intermediate Service Providers, and Software Developers. These categories are not mutually exclusive. For example, an ERO can at the same time, be a Transmitter, a Software Developer, or an Intermediate Service Provider, depending on the function being performed.
- Browse Related Terms: Appeal, Authorized IRS e-file Provider, electronic filing (e-file), electronic preparation, Electronic Return Originator (ERO), Federal/State e-file, file a return, Intermediate Service Provider (ISP), IRS e-file, Personal Identification Number (PIN), Software Developer, tax preparation software, transmit, transmitter, Volunteer Income Tax Assistance (VITA)
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A concept of tax fairness that states that people should pay taxes in proportion to the benefits they receive from government goods and services.
- Browse Related Terms: ability to pay, benefits received, Earned Income Credit (EIC), financial records, Gross Income, horizontal equity, underground economy, vertical equity
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Compensation received by an employee for services performed. A bonus is given in addition to an employee's usual compensation.
- Browse Related Terms: bonus, compulsory payroll tax, earned income, employee, flat tax, Form W-4, Employee's Withholding Allowance Certificate, formal tax legislation process, income taxes, independent contractor, salary, self-employment loss, self-employment profit, tip income, wages
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A continuous and regular activity that has income or profit as its primary purpose.
- Browse Related Terms: business, exempt (from withholding), Federal Insurance Contributions Act (FICA) Tax, Investment Income, lobbyist, Medicare tax, payroll taxes, self-employment tax, Social Security Tax, support, tax exemption, taxable interest income
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Assuming all other dependency tests are met, the citizen or resident test allows taxpayers to claim a dependency exemption for persons who are U.S. citizens for some part of the year or who live in the United States, Canada, or Mexico for some part of the year.
- Browse Related Terms: adjusted gross income (AGI), Citizen or Resident Test, dependency exemption, dependent, exemptions, filing status, foster child, Head of Household filing status, Married Filing Joint filing status, Married Filing Separate filing status, personal exemption, qualifying child, qualifying relative, Qualifying Widow(er) filing status, single filing status, standard deduction, tax deduction, tax-exempt interest income
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Compensation received by an employee for services performed. Commissions are paid based on a percentage of sales made or a fixed amount per sale.
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An automatic tax collected from employers and employees to finance specific programs.
- Browse Related Terms: bonus, compulsory payroll tax, earned income, employee, flat tax, Form W-4, Employee's Withholding Allowance Certificate, formal tax legislation process, income taxes, independent contractor, salary, self-employment loss, self-employment profit, tip income, wages
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The result of the government taking in less money than it spends.
- Browse Related Terms: amount due, deficit, Direct Deposit, inflation, interest, interest income, nonrefundable credit, Refund, refundable credit, tax liability (or total tax bill), taxes, withholding ("pay-as-you-earn" taxation)
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Amount that taxpayers can claim for a "qualifying child" or "qualifying relative". Each exemption reduces the income subject to tax. The exemption amount is a set amount that changes from year to year. One exemption is allowed for each qualifying child or qualifying relative claimed as a dependent.
- Browse Related Terms: adjusted gross income (AGI), Citizen or Resident Test, dependency exemption, dependent, exemptions, filing status, foster child, Head of Household filing status, Married Filing Joint filing status, Married Filing Separate filing status, personal exemption, qualifying child, qualifying relative, Qualifying Widow(er) filing status, single filing status, standard deduction, tax deduction, tax-exempt interest income
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A qualifying child or qualifying relative, other than the taxpayer or spouse, who entitles the taxpayer to claim a dependency exemption.
- Browse Related Terms: adjusted gross income (AGI), Citizen or Resident Test, dependency exemption, dependent, exemptions, filing status, foster child, Head of Household filing status, Married Filing Joint filing status, Married Filing Separate filing status, personal exemption, qualifying child, qualifying relative, Qualifying Widow(er) filing status, single filing status, standard deduction, tax deduction, tax-exempt interest income
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This allows tax refunds to be deposited directly to the taxpayer's bank account. Direct Deposit is a fast, simple, safe, secure way to get a tax refund. The taxpayer must have an established checking or savings account to qualify for Direct Deposit. A bank or financial institution will supply the required account and routing transit numbers to the taxpayer for Direct Deposit.
- Browse Related Terms: amount due, deficit, Direct Deposit, inflation, interest, interest income, nonrefundable credit, Refund, refundable credit, tax liability (or total tax bill), taxes, withholding ("pay-as-you-earn" taxation)
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A tax that cannot be shifted to others, such as the federal income tax.
- Browse Related Terms: direct tax, indirect tax, informal tax legislation process, Internal Revenue Service (IRS), mass tax, nullification, Revenue, sin tax, tax avoidance, voluntary compliance
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Includes wages, salaries, tips, includible in gross income, and net earnings from self-employment earnings.
- Browse Related Terms: bonus, compulsory payroll tax, earned income, employee, flat tax, Form W-4, Employee's Withholding Allowance Certificate, formal tax legislation process, income taxes, independent contractor, salary, self-employment loss, self-employment profit, tip income, wages
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A tax credit for certain people who work, meet certain requirements, and have earned income under a specified limit.
- Browse Related Terms: ability to pay, benefits received, Earned Income Credit (EIC), financial records, Gross Income, horizontal equity, underground economy, vertical equity
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The transmission of tax information directly to the IRS using telephones or computers. Electronic filing options include (1) Online self-prepared using a personal computer and tax preparation software, or (2) using a tax professional. Electronic filing may take place at the taxpayer's home, a volunteer site, the library, a financial institution, the workplace, malls and stores, or a tax professional's place of business.
- Browse Related Terms: Appeal, Authorized IRS e-file Provider, electronic filing (e-file), electronic preparation, Electronic Return Originator (ERO), Federal/State e-file, file a return, Intermediate Service Provider (ISP), IRS e-file, Personal Identification Number (PIN), Software Developer, tax preparation software, transmit, transmitter, Volunteer Income Tax Assistance (VITA)
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Electronic preparation means that tax preparation software and computers are used to complete tax returns. Electronic tax preparation helps to reduce errors.
- Browse Related Terms: Appeal, Authorized IRS e-file Provider, electronic filing (e-file), electronic preparation, Electronic Return Originator (ERO), Federal/State e-file, file a return, Intermediate Service Provider (ISP), IRS e-file, Personal Identification Number (PIN), Software Developer, tax preparation software, transmit, transmitter, Volunteer Income Tax Assistance (VITA)