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(a-KOOS-tik NOOR-oh-fy-broh-muh-TOH-sis) A genetic condition in which tumors form on the nerves of the inner ear and cause loss of hearing and balance. Tumors may also occur in the brain and on nerves in the skull and spinal cord, and may cause loss of speech, eye movement, and the ability to swallow. Also called neurofibromatosis type 2 and NF2.
- Browse Related Terms: acoustic neurofibromatosis, angiomyolipoma, basal cell nevus syndrome, Gorlin syndrome, neurofibromatosis type 2, nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome, NF2, Sturge-Weber syndrome, SWS, tuberous sclerosis, WAGR syndrome, Wilms tumor-aniridia-genitourinary anomalies-mental retardation syndrome
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(uh-KWY-erd IH-myoo-noh-dih-FIH-shun-see SIN-drome) A disease caused by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). People with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome are at an increased risk for developing certain cancers and for infections that usually occur only in individuals with a weak immune system. Also called AIDS.
- Browse Related Terms: acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, AIDS, Aldrich syndrome, Klinefelter syndrome, overgrowth syndrome, Paterson-Kelly syndrome, Plummer-Vinson syndrome, Reye syndrome, sideropenic dysphagia, Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome
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A disease caused by the human immunodeficiency virus.
- Browse Related Terms: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS), Epidemic, Epidemiologic Profile, Epidemiology, Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Disease, incidence, Incidence Rate, Prevalence, Prevalence Rate, reliability, surveillance, Target Population
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A substance being studied in the treatment of cancer. It is a type of topoisomerase inhibitor. Also called DACA.
- Browse Related Terms: ABT-510, acridine carboxamide, chloroquinoxaline sulfonamide, CQS, DACA, ecteinascidin 743, edotecarin, epipodophyllotoxin, ET-743, FR901228, J-107088, romidepsin, soblidotin, trabectedin, TZT-1027
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(A-kroh-MEH-guh-lee) A condition in which the pituitary gland makes too much growth hormone after normal growth of the skeleton is finished. This causes the bones of the hands, feet, head, and face to grow larger than normal. Acromegaly can be caused by a pituitary gland tumor.
- Browse Related Terms: acne, acromegaly, growth hormone, Langerhans cell histiocytosis, LCH, nodular parenchyma, Pituitary gland, pituitary tumor, prolactin, sella turcica, somatotropin
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(ak-ri-low-NYE-tril) A substance used to make plastics, rubber, and textiles. Being exposed to acrylonitrile may increase the risk of developing certain cancers, such as lung, brain, or prostate cancer.
- Browse Related Terms: acrylonitrile, benzene, BRCA1, BRCA2, clodronate, familial cancer, formaldehyde, human papillomavirus, hypercalcemia, hypogammaglobulinemia, intraductal papilloma, LCIS, MGUS, monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance, PIN, prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia, vinyl chloride
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A hormone made in the pituitary gland. ACTH acts on the outer part of the adrenal gland to control its release of corticosteroid hormones. More ACTH is made during times of stress. Also called adrenocorticotropic hormone and corticotropin.
- Browse Related Terms: ACTH, adrenal cancer, adrenal cortex, adrenal gland, adrenocortical, adrenocortical cancer, adrenocortical carcinoma, adrenocorticotropic hormone, aldosterone, cancer of the adrenal cortex, corticosteroid, corticotropin, cortisol, fludrocortisone, pheochromocytoma, renal artery, suprarenal gland
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(AK-tih-mid) A substance being studied in the treatment of prostate cancer, multiple myeloma, and other types of cancer. Actimid is a form of the drug thalidomide. It stops the growth of blood vessels, stimulates the immune system, and may kill cancer cells. Actimid is a type of angiogenesis inhibitor and a type of immunomodulatory agent. Also called CC-4047 and pomalidomide.
- Browse Related Terms: Actimid, atiprimod, azaspirane, CC-4047, enzastaurin, enzastaurin hydrochloride, LY317615, pomalidomide, SK&F106615
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A drug put on the skin to treat growths caused by sun exposure. A form of Actinex that is taken by mouth is being studied in the treatment of prostate cancer. Actinex is an antioxidant, and it may block certain enzymes needed for tumor growth. Also called masoprocol, NDGA, and nordihydroguaiaretic acid.
- Browse Related Terms: 1-methyl-d-tryptophan, Actinex, D-1MT, EM-1421, masoprocol, NDGA, nordihydroguaiaretic acid, Se-methyl-seleno-L-cysteine, tetra-O-methyl NDGA, tetra-O-methyl nordihydroguaiaretic acid
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(ak-TIH-nik KAYR-uh-TOH-sis) A precancerous condition of thick, scaly patches of skin. Also called senile keratosis and solar keratosis.
- Browse Related Terms: actinic keratosis, Bowen disease, eczema, mycosis fungoides plaque, precancerous dermatitis, precancerous dermatosis, senile keratosis, solar keratosis
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In cancer prevention clinical trials, a study that focuses on finding out whether actions people take can prevent cancer.
- Browse Related Terms: action study, agent study, Bias, chemoprevention study, clinical study, clinical trial, Data and Safety Monitoring Board, DSMB, endpoint, Gerson therapy, intervention group, maximum tolerated dose, mean survival time, median survival time, MTD, multicenter study, NCI clinical trials cooperative group, phase I trial, phase I/II trial, phase IV trial, placebo therapy, Quality of Life, schedule, sham therapy, single blind study, study agent, t test, unconventional cancer treatments
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(AK-tih-VAYS) A form of tissue plasminogen activator that is made in the laboratory. It helps dissolve blood clots and is used to treat heart attacks, strokes, and clots in the lungs. It is also being studied in the treatment of cancer. It is a type of systemic thrombolytic agent. Also called Alteplase, r-tPA, and recombinant tissue plasminogen activator.
- Browse Related Terms: Activase, Alteplase, r-tPA, recombinant tissue plasminogen activator, tissue plasminogen activator
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In biology, to stimulate a cell in a resting state to become active. This causes biochemical and functional changes in the activated cell.
- Browse Related Terms: activate, antibody therapy, beta-glucan, chemoimmunotherapy, flt3L, glycopeptide, immune adjuvant, LAK cell, lymphokine-activated killer cell, poly-ICLC, vaccine therapy, viscotoxin
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An active ingredient is any component that provides pharmacological activity or other direct effect in the diagnosis, cure, mitigation, treatment, or prevention of disease, or to affect the structure or any function of the body of man or animals.
- Browse Related Terms: Active Ingredient, agonist, antagonist, Biological Product, Buprenorphine, Detoxification, Drug, methadone, Opioid, Therapeutic Biological Product
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(AK-tiv ser-VAY-lents) Closely monitoring a patient's condition but withholding treatment until symptoms appear or change. Also called expectant management, observation, and watchful waiting.
- Browse Related Terms: active surveillance, definitive treatment, early menopause, hypothesis, Observation, premature ovarian failure, primary ovarian insufficiency, surveillance
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The tasks of everyday life. These activities include eating, dressing, getting into or out of a bed or chair, taking a bath or shower, and using the toilet. Instrumental activities of daily living are activities related to independent living and include preparing meals, managing money, shopping, doing housework, and using a telephone. Also called ADL.
- Browse Related Terms: activities of daily living, adjustment disorder, ADL, nursing home, post-traumatic stress disorder, postprandial, PTSD, Retrospective, Trauma
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A drug that is used to treat type 2 diabetes and is being studied in the prevention of head and neck cancer. It may be able to stop leukoplakia (a precancerous condition affecting the mouth) from developing into cancer. It belongs to the family of drugs called thiazolidinediones. Also called pioglitazone.
- Browse Related Terms: abarelix, Actos, azacitidine, Eloxatin, Mylosar, oxaliplatin, pioglitazone, Plenaxis, Trelstar, triptorelin, Vidaza
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(AK-yoo-poynt) A specific spot on the body where an acupuncture needle may be inserted to control pain and other symptoms. Also called acupuncture point.
- Browse Related Terms: acupoint, acupressure, acupuncture, acupuncture needle, acupuncture point, acupuncturist, acustimulation, constitutional acupuncture, five element acupuncture, Korean acupuncture, patient-controlled analgesia, PCA, traditional acupuncture, trigger point acupuncture
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(AK-yoo-PREH-sher) The application of pressure or localized massage to specific sites on the body to control symptoms such as pain or nausea. It is a type of complementary and alternative medicine.
- Browse Related Terms: acupoint, acupressure, acupuncture, acupuncture needle, acupuncture point, acupuncturist, acustimulation, constitutional acupuncture, five element acupuncture, Korean acupuncture, patient-controlled analgesia, PCA, traditional acupuncture, trigger point acupuncture
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(AK-yoo-PUNK-cher) The technique of inserting thin needles through the skin at specific points on the body to control pain and other symptoms. It is a type of complementary and alternative medicine.
- Browse Related Terms: acupoint, acupressure, acupuncture, acupuncture needle, acupuncture point, acupuncturist, acustimulation, constitutional acupuncture, five element acupuncture, Korean acupuncture, patient-controlled analgesia, PCA, traditional acupuncture, trigger point acupuncture