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Energy imparted to a body by radiation, measured per unit mass (kg) of tissue.
National Tritium Labeling Facility (NTLF) at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) - Cite This Source - This Definition- Browse Related Terms: absorbed dose, becquerel, Density, dose, dose equivalent, gray, Probability, RAD, relative biological effectiveness (RBE), sievert (Sv)
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Any material that stops ionizing radiation. Lead, concrete, and steel attenuate gamma rays. A thin sheet of paper or metal will stop or absorb alpha particles and most beta particles.
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The number of transformations that take place each second in a given amount of radioactive material.
National Tritium Labeling Facility (NTLF) at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) - Cite This Source - This Definition- Browse Related Terms: activity, Background Radiation, contamination, curie, Curie (Ci), Half-life, Microcurie (µCi), Radioactive Waste, Radioisotope, Shielding, source, Spill, Stable
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A positively charged particle, indistinguishable from a helium atom nucleus and consisting of two protons and two neutrons.
National Tritium Labeling Facility (NTLF) at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) - Cite This Source - This Definition- Browse Related Terms: Absorber, alpha particle, Alpha particle (alpha radiation, alpha ray), alpha radiation, atom, Atomic number, Atomic weight (atomic mass), Beta particle (beta radiation, beta ray), Electron, Induced Radioactivity, Ion, isotope, Neutron, Nucleon, Nucleus, Photon, Proton
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A positively charged particle (a Helium-4 nucleus) made up of two neutrons and two protons. It is the least penetrating of the three common forms of radiation, being stopped by a sheet of paper. It is not dangerous to living things unless the alpha-emitting substance is inhaled or ingested or comes into contact with the lens of the eye.
Nuclear Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory - Cite This Source - This Definition- Browse Related Terms: Absorber, alpha particle, Alpha particle (alpha radiation, alpha ray), alpha radiation, atom, Atomic number, Atomic weight (atomic mass), Beta particle (beta radiation, beta ray), Electron, Induced Radioactivity, Ion, isotope, Neutron, Nucleon, Nucleus, Photon, Proton
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Same as alpha particle.
National Tritium Labeling Facility (NTLF) at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) - Cite This Source - This Definition- Browse Related Terms: Absorber, alpha particle, Alpha particle (alpha radiation, alpha ray), alpha radiation, atom, Atomic number, Atomic weight (atomic mass), Beta particle (beta radiation, beta ray), Electron, Induced Radioactivity, Ion, isotope, Neutron, Nucleon, Nucleus, Photon, Proton
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A particle of matter indivisible by chemical means. It is the fundamental building block of elements.
Nuclear Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory - Cite This Source - This Definition- Browse Related Terms: Absorber, alpha particle, Alpha particle (alpha radiation, alpha ray), alpha radiation, atom, Atomic number, Atomic weight (atomic mass), Beta particle (beta radiation, beta ray), Electron, Induced Radioactivity, Ion, isotope, Neutron, Nucleon, Nucleus, Photon, Proton
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The number assigned to each element on the basis of the number of protons found in the element's nucleus.
Nuclear Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory - Cite This Source - This Definition- Browse Related Terms: Absorber, alpha particle, Alpha particle (alpha radiation, alpha ray), alpha radiation, atom, Atomic number, Atomic weight (atomic mass), Beta particle (beta radiation, beta ray), Electron, Induced Radioactivity, Ion, isotope, Neutron, Nucleon, Nucleus, Photon, Proton
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Approximately the sum of the number of protons and neutrons found in the nucleus of an atom.
Nuclear Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory - Cite This Source - This Definition- Browse Related Terms: Absorber, alpha particle, Alpha particle (alpha radiation, alpha ray), alpha radiation, atom, Atomic number, Atomic weight (atomic mass), Beta particle (beta radiation, beta ray), Electron, Induced Radioactivity, Ion, isotope, Neutron, Nucleon, Nucleus, Photon, Proton
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The radiation of man's natural environment originating primarily from the naturally radioactive elements of the earth and from the cosmic rays. The term may also mean radiation extraneous to an experiment.
Nuclear Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory - Cite This Source - This Definition- Browse Related Terms: activity, Background Radiation, contamination, curie, Curie (Ci), Half-life, Microcurie (µCi), Radioactive Waste, Radioisotope, Shielding, source, Spill, Stable
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The special name for the unit that expresses a measure of activity. One becquerel corresponds to one disintegration per second of any radionuclide.
National Tritium Labeling Facility (NTLF) at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) - Cite This Source - This Definition- Browse Related Terms: absorbed dose, becquerel, Density, dose, dose equivalent, gray, Probability, RAD, relative biological effectiveness (RBE), sievert (Sv)
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A high-speed electron or positron, emitted in radioactive decay.
National Tritium Labeling Facility (NTLF) at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) - Cite This Source - This Definition- Browse Related Terms: beta particle, Daughter, Decay (radioactive), Electron capture, gamma radiation, Isometric transition, K-capture, KEV, MeV, Parent, Radionuclide, Secular equilibrium
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An electron of either positive charge (ß+) or negative charge (ß-), which has been emitted by an atomic nucleus or neutron in the process of a transformation. Beta particles are more penetrating than alpha particles but less than gamma rays or x-rays.
Nuclear Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory - Cite This Source - This Definition- Browse Related Terms: Absorber, alpha particle, Alpha particle (alpha radiation, alpha ray), alpha radiation, atom, Atomic number, Atomic weight (atomic mass), Beta particle (beta radiation, beta ray), Electron, Induced Radioactivity, Ion, isotope, Neutron, Nucleon, Nucleus, Photon, Proton
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Radioactive material deposited or dispersed in materials or places where it is not wanted.
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A radioisotope generator system.
Nuclear Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory - Cite This Source - This Definition- Browse Related Terms: Cow, excitation, Minigenerator, model, tracer
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- A unit of radioactivity, equal to the amount of a radioactive isotope that decays at the rate of 3.7 x 1010 disintegrations per second. National Tritium Labeling Facility (NTLF) at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) - Cite This Source - This Definition
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The basic unit used to describe the intensity of radioactivity in a sample of material. One curie equals thirty-seven billion disintegrations per second, or approximately the radioactivity of one gram of radium.
Nuclear Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory - Cite This Source - This Definition- Browse Related Terms: activity, Background Radiation, contamination, curie, Curie (Ci), Half-life, Microcurie (µCi), Radioactive Waste, Radioisotope, Shielding, source, Spill, Stable
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A nucleus formed by the radioactive decay of a different (parent) nuclide.
Nuclear Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory - Cite This Source - This Definition- Browse Related Terms: beta particle, Daughter, Decay (radioactive), Electron capture, gamma radiation, Isometric transition, K-capture, KEV, MeV, Parent, Radionuclide, Secular equilibrium
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The change of one radioactive nuclide into a different nuclide by the spontaneous emission of alpha, beta, or gamma rays, or by electron capture. The end product is a less energetic, more stable nucleus. Each decay process has a definite half-life.
Nuclear Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory - Cite This Source - This Definition- Browse Related Terms: beta particle, Daughter, Decay (radioactive), Electron capture, gamma radiation, Isometric transition, K-capture, KEV, MeV, Parent, Radionuclide, Secular equilibrium
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The removal of radioactive contaminants by cleaning and washing with chemicals.
Nuclear Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory - Cite This Source - This Definition- Browse Related Terms: Decontamination, Eluant, Eluate, Elute, Generator, Milk