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A volcanic crater that is produced by an explosion in an area of low relief, is generally more or less circular, and often contains a lake, pond, or marsh.
- Browse Related Terms: Active volcano, Caldera, Cinder cone, Crater, Eruption, Lava tubes, Maar, Magma, Pyroclastic flow, Pyroclastic surge, Silicic volcanism, tephra, Unrest (episode), Volcanic Ash, Volcanic cone, Volcano
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An aquatic plant that is large enough to be observed with the naked eye. It grows in or near water.
- Browse Related Terms: Conifer, Deciduous, Emergent, Emergent wetlands, Flora, Forbs, Graminoid herbaceous, Herbaceous, Macrophyte (aquatic), Marsh, Mosses, Noxious weeds, Nurse plants, Palustrine wetlands, Pesticide, Phytoplankton, Sedge, Shrub, Weed
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A term used to describe an igneous rock that has a large percentage of dark-colored minerals such as amphibole, pyroxene, and olivine. Also used in reference to the magmas from which these rocks crystallize. Mafic rocks are generally rich in iron and magnesium. Basalt and gabbro are examples of mafic rocks.
- Browse Related Terms: Diorite, Granite, Granodiorites, Igneous rock, Intrusive, Latite, Lava flow, Mafic (or maphic), Pluton, Plutonic
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Molten rock containing liquids, crystals, and dissolved gases that forms within the upper part of the Earth's mantle and crust. When erupted onto the Earth's surface, it is called lava.
- Browse Related Terms: Active volcano, Caldera, Cinder cone, Crater, Eruption, Lava tubes, Maar, Magma, Pyroclastic flow, Pyroclastic surge, Silicic volcanism, tephra, Unrest (episode), Volcanic Ash, Volcanic cone, Volcano
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Any geographic region of the United States previously designated nonattainment pursuant to the CAA Amendments of 1990 and subsequently redesignated to attainment subject to the requirement to develop a maintenance plan under Section 175A of the CAA, as amended.
- Browse Related Terms: Area of Potential Effect (APE), Bald and Golden Eagle Protection Act, Build out, Census block, Census block groups, Critical Habitat, Endemic, First in time, first in right, Geographic air basin, Landscape, Maintenance area, Military Training Route (MTR), Prior Appropriation Doctrine, Senior water rights
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A source that emits, or has the potential to emit, a pollutant regulated under the Clean Air Act in excess of a specified rate in a nonattainment area.
- Browse Related Terms: Air Quality Maintenance Area, attainment area, Best management practices (BMP), Centralized sewage treatment, Class I area, Class II area, Clean Air Act (CAA), Corporate average fuel economy (CAFE), Emission offset, Major source, National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS), National Emissions Standards for Hazardous Pollutants (NESHAPS), New Source Performance Standards (NSPS), Nitrogen Oxides (NOx), Nonattainment area (NAA), Null hypothesis, Opacity, Prevention of significant deterioration (PSD), Reformulated gasoline (RFG), Source Emission Reduction Plan (SERP), State Implementation Plan (SIP)
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A group of air-breathing animals whose skin is more or less covered with hair or fur and who have mammary glands. Young are born alive (except for the platypus and echidna) and are nourished with milk. Mammals include man, dogs, cats, deer, mice, squirrels, raccoons, bats, opossums, whales, seals, and others.
- Browse Related Terms: Air pollutant, Animal unit, Animal Unit Month (AUM), Anthropomorphism, Consumptive use, Effigy, forage, Furbearer, Grazing, Hunter gatherers, Livestock watering area, Mammals
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Planned activities initiated by land managers to meet the desired future condition for an area. Management activities may include thinning, timber harvest, prescribed burning, tree planting, and other activities.
- Browse Related Terms: Best available control measures, Intensive management, Landing, Management activities, Partial cut, Precommercial thinning, Programmed timber harvest, Second growth, Slash, Stand, Stand conversion, Timber stand improvement, Unit (timber)
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Management areas are specific geographical areas defined by a forest plan. Each management area has a set of objectives and a management prescription unique to it.
- Browse Related Terms: Adaptive management, Adaptive Management Area (AMA), Bar screen, Desired future condition, Forest Plan, hypothesis, Management area, Management plan, National Forest Management Act (NFMA), Scoping, Standards and guidelines
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Species selected as ecological indicators. The welfare of a management indicator species is presumed to be an indicator of the welfare of other species using the same habitat. The condition and welfare of these species can be used to assess the impacts of management actions on particular areas or habitats.
- Browse Related Terms: Dispersal habitat, Foraging habitat, Management indicator species, Nesting habitat, Riparian buffer, Unsuitable areas
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A plan guiding overall management of an area administered by a federal or state agency. A management plan usually includes objectives, goals, standards and guidelines, management actions, and monitoring plans.
- Browse Related Terms: Adaptive management, Adaptive Management Area (AMA), Bar screen, Desired future condition, Forest Plan, hypothesis, Management area, Management plan, National Forest Management Act (NFMA), Scoping, Standards and guidelines
All > Science > Energy > Renewable Energy > Biomass
All > Science > Energy > Renewable Energy > Biomass
- (C6H1206) A six-carbon sugar. A product of hydrolysis of mannan found in the hemicellulose fraction of biomass.
- Browse Related Terms: arabinose, Bagasse, disaccharides, galactose, glucose, holocellulose, mannose, xylose
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The main bulk of the Earth, between the crust and core, ranging from depths of about 40 to 3,480 kilometers. It is composed of dense mafic silicates and divided into concentric layers by phase changes that are caused by the increase in pressure with depth.
- Browse Related Terms: Borrow pit, Crustal spreading center, Cut-and-fill, Extensional (structural features or faults), Geotechnical, Landform, Lava, Mantle, Precambrian, Rift, Seismic, Special Use Airspace (SUA), Topography, Troposphere, Volcanic chain, Volcanism
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A region of continental or oceanic crust below which a mantle plume causes melting of the overlying crust, resulting in a broad regional topographic swell (e.g., Yellowstone plume) or hot spot volcanism (e.g., the Hawaiian chain of volcanoes which represent movement of ocean crust over a stationary hot spot).
- Browse Related Terms: arid, Desert, Mantle hot spot, Mesic habitat, OASIS, Prehistoric resources, Rain shadow effect, Semi-arid, Shadow zone, Shrink-swell potential, Upper-air sounding
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An area of low-lying wetlands dominated by grasslike plants.
- Browse Related Terms: Conifer, Deciduous, Emergent, Emergent wetlands, Flora, Forbs, Graminoid herbaceous, Herbaceous, Macrophyte (aquatic), Marsh, Mosses, Noxious weeds, Nurse plants, Palustrine wetlands, Pesticide, Phytoplankton, Sedge, Shrub, Weed
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A mixture of grain and other ingredients with water to prepare wort for brewing operations.
- Browse Related Terms: aerobic fermentation, Annual, batch fermentation, Batch Process, beer, Capital cost, continuous fermentation, distillers dried grains (DDG), inoculum, mash, wort, yeast
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A facility in which the pretreatment of MSW includes only inspection and simple separation to remove oversize, hazardous, or explosive materials. Large mass burn facilities have capacities of 3000 tons of MSW per day or more. Modular plants with capacities as low as 25 tons per day have been built. Mass burn technologies represent over 75% of all the MSW-to-energy facilities constructed in the United States to date. The major components of a mass burn facility include refuse receiving and handling, combustion and steam generation, flue gas cleaning, power generation, condenser cooling water, residue hauling, and storage.
- Browse Related Terms: Flow rate, Header, Live bottom, Mass Burn Facility, Municipal Solid Waste (MSW), Peak flow, Renewable energy source, Specific work, Water-cooled vibrating grate
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The percent by weight of the total samples extracted from the biomass sample compared to the weight of the original sample. It is a sum of the weight percent of moisture, extractives, ash, protein, total lignin, acetic acid, uronic acids, arabinan, xylan, mannan, galactan, glucan, and starch. This is a good indicator of the accuracy of a complete biomass compositional analysis.
- Browse Related Terms: acetic acid, acid insoluble lignin, alkali lignin, ester, fatty acid, Klason lignin, lignocellulose, mass closure (%), native lignin, structural chemical analysis, total lignin, triglyceride, willstatter lignin, wood