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The separation of two or more liquids under reduced vapor pressure; reduces the boiling points of the liquids being separated.
- Browse Related Terms: batch distillation, British thermal unit (Btu), distillate, distillation, flash point, Heating Value, Higher Heating Value (HHV), lower heating value (LLV), proof, TAR, vacuum distillation, volatile
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The gently sloping to nearly level bottom surface of a valley.
- Browse Related Terms: Alluvial valley, Bench, Intermontane basin, Mesa, Pediment, Plains, Upwarp, Valley floor
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That portion of a stream network with similar morphologies and governing geomorphic processes identified by valley bottom and sideslope geomorphic characteristics.
- Browse Related Terms: Aerobic, Anaerobic, Biosphere, Carbon Sequestration, Geomorphic, Greenhouse Effect, greenhouse gases, Nitrogen fixation, Ozone, Smog, substrate, Valley segment
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- See Volcanic vent
- Browse Related Terms: Andesite, Aquifer-volcanic rock, Basalt, Dome, volcanic, Obsidian, Rhyolite, Rhyolitic domes, Scoria, Tertiary volcanics (Tv), Tuff, Vent, Volcanic vent, Volcanic-rock aquifer
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Seasonally-flooded depressions found on soils with an impermeable layer such as a hardpan, claypan, or volcanic basalt. California's vernal pools occur on a variety of landscape formations, but most often on alluvial formations deposited by ancient waterways and seas. The impermeable layer allows the pools to retain water much longer than the surrounding uplands; nonetheless, the pools are shallow enough to dry up each season.
- Browse Related Terms: Acid deposition, Alluvial, Alluvial flats, Alluvial plains, Delta, Excessive slopes, Fluvial, Geotextile mats, Interdune flat, Lacustrine wetland, Land disturbance in natural drainage systems, Overbank deposits, Shear strength, Soil deposition, Unconsolidated (basin fill deposits), Vernal pool
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Any species having a backbone or spinal column including fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals.
- Browse Related Terms: Amphibian, Crucial winter range, Generalist (species), Herpetofauna, Hunting, Ostracods, Reptile, Subsistence, Vertebrate, zooplankton
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- Elevation of viewer relative to the elevation of the proposed action, and the resulting angle of difference. See also Horizontal angle of view; Angle of view
- Browse Related Terms: Angle of view, Dip, Directional drilling, Distance zones, Horizontal angle of view, Horizontal field of view, Vertical angle of view
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Length of time a proposed action is in view. Impacts that are viewed for a long period of time are generally judged to be more severe than those viewed briefly.
- Browse Related Terms: Acute, Adverse environmental impacts, Best Management Practice (BMP), Compensatory mitigation, Contrast level, Design features, Direct impacts, Hedonic statistical framework, Impulsive noise, Just-in-time ordering, Key observation point(s) (KOP), Mitigation, Mitigation measures, PFYC, Region of Influence (ROI), Richter Magnitude Scale, View duration, Visual mitigation
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The distance from a viewpoint to a seen object or landscape element.
- Browse Related Terms: gap, Landmark, Nonpoint light source, Point light source, Sky glow, Surface texture, Texture, Texture contrasts, Viewer distance, Viewpoint, Viewshed, Visual attention, Visual clutter, Visual resources
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A point from which a landscape view is analyzed and/or evaluated.
- Browse Related Terms: gap, Landmark, Nonpoint light source, Point light source, Sky glow, Surface texture, Texture, Texture contrasts, Viewer distance, Viewpoint, Viewshed, Visual attention, Visual clutter, Visual resources
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The total landscape seen or potentially seen from all or a logical part of a travel route, use area, or water body.
- Browse Related Terms: gap, Landmark, Nonpoint light source, Point light source, Sky glow, Surface texture, Texture, Texture contrasts, Viewer distance, Viewpoint, Viewshed, Visual attention, Visual clutter, Visual resources
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Conditions or other phenomena that affect the visibility or appearance of an object or a landscape. Examples of visibility factors include distance, lighting conditions, air quality, atmospheric conditions, and viewing angle.
- Browse Related Terms: CEQ, Hedonic – (modeling approach), Nonmarket value, Potable water, Scenic integrity, Sensitivity level (analysis), Visibility factors, Visual absorption capability, Visual quality, Visual sensitivity, Visual unity, Visual value
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The physical capacity of a landscape to accept human alterations without loss of its inherent visual character or scenic quality.
- Browse Related Terms: CEQ, Hedonic – (modeling approach), Nonmarket value, Potable water, Scenic integrity, Sensitivity level (analysis), Visibility factors, Visual absorption capability, Visual quality, Visual sensitivity, Visual unity, Visual value
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Noticing and focusing of vision on a particular object or landscape element.
- Browse Related Terms: gap, Landmark, Nonpoint light source, Point light source, Sky glow, Surface texture, Texture, Texture contrasts, Viewer distance, Viewpoint, Viewshed, Visual attention, Visual clutter, Visual resources
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The complex visual interplay of numerous disharmonious landscape characteristics and features resulting in a displeasing view.
- Browse Related Terms: gap, Landmark, Nonpoint light source, Point light source, Sky glow, Surface texture, Texture, Texture contrasts, Viewer distance, Viewpoint, Viewshed, Visual attention, Visual clutter, Visual resources
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Opposition or unlikeness of different forms, lines, colors, or textures in a landscape.
- Browse Related Terms: contrast, Cultural modification, Landscape character, LINE, Visual contrast, Visual disharmony, Visual impact, Visual intrusion
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A state of disagreement, incongruity, or disproportionate arrangement of forms, lines, colors, and textures in the visual elements of a seen landscape.
- Browse Related Terms: contrast, Cultural modification, Landscape character, LINE, Visual contrast, Visual disharmony, Visual impact, Visual intrusion
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An element, such as a land or water form, vegetation, or structure in the seen landscape.
- Browse Related Terms: Historic resources, Horizon line, Impact, Land disturbance, Scenic quality, Scenic resources, Scenic value, Skylining, Visual feature, Visual harmony
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A pleasing array of visual elements in a landscape, usually as a result of a sense of visual order, compatibility, and completeness between and among the land forms, water forms, vegetation, or structures visible in the landscape.
- Browse Related Terms: Historic resources, Horizon line, Impact, Land disturbance, Scenic quality, Scenic resources, Scenic value, Skylining, Visual feature, Visual harmony
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Any modification in land forms, water bodies, or vegetation, or any introduction of structures, which negatively or positively affect the visual character or quality of a landscape through the introduction of visual contrasts in the basic elements of form, line, color, and texture.
- Browse Related Terms: contrast, Cultural modification, Landscape character, LINE, Visual contrast, Visual disharmony, Visual impact, Visual intrusion