A radar reflectivity signature seen as a V-shaped notch in the downwind part of a thunderstorm echo. The V-notch often is seen on supercells, and is thought to be a sign of diverging flow around the main storm updraft (and hence a very strong updraft). This term should not be confused with inflow notch or with enhanced V, although the latter is believed to form by a similar process.
- Browse Related Terms: Bear's Cage, Bounded Weak Echo Region (BWER), BWER, EXTD, Feeder Bands, Inflow Notch, overhang, V Notch, VIP, WER, WK
A weir that is V-shaped, with its apex downward, used to accurately measure small rates of flow.
- Browse Related Terms: Demand scheduling, discharge, Fixed amount-frequency scheduling, Flash Flood, Flow, Long-throated flumes, Parshall Flume (Improved Venturi Flume), Ramp flume, V-notch weir, Viscosity
All > Science > Biotechnology and Genetics > Food Biotechnology
Variable region in antibodies. See: CDR.
- Browse Related Terms: abzyme, antibody class, antibody structure, complementarity-determining regions, DAB, Fab, FC, hypervariable region, IgA/Igd/IgG/IgE/IgM, immunoglobulin, immunosensor, in situ hybridization, kappa chain, lambda chain, V region
All > Science > Biotechnology and Genetics > Food Biotechnology
Abbreviation for volume per volume. The relative proportion of each liquid in a mixture.
- Browse Related Terms: A-site, AB, BABS, basic fibroblast growth factor, BFGF, IPR, MAB, npt-II, ovum pickup, parts per million, PERV, plant variety protection, v/v
Also listed in:
- All > Technology > Defense
All > Science > Biotechnology and Genetics > Food Biotechnology
See: preventive immunization.
- Browse Related Terms: adoptive immunization, allergen, antibody-mediated immune response, auto-immune disease, auto-immunity, B cell, cell-mediated (cellular) immune response, clonal selection, effector cells, humoral immune response, immune response, immunization, immunogenicity, immunoprophylaxis, immunosuppressor, Interleukin, lymphokine, major histocompatibility antigen, memory cell, monokine, multivalent vaccine, passive immunity, phagocytes, primary immune response, secondary immune response, T cell, T-cell-mediated (cellular) immune response, universal donor cell, vaccination
Also listed in:
- All > Healthcare > Medicine > Cancer
- All > Healthcare > Medicine > Diabetes
All > Science > Biotechnology and Genetics > Food Biotechnology
A preparation of dead or weakened pathogen, or of derived antigenic determinants, that is used to induce formation of antibodies or immunity against the pathogen. (See Polyvalent vaccine, Subunit vaccine.)
A preparation of dead or attenuated (weakened) pathogens, or of derived antigenic determinants, that can induce the formation of antibodies in a host, and thereby produce host immunity against the pathogen. See: sub-unit vaccine, viral vaccine, DNA vaccine, inoculum.
Also listed in:
- All > Healthcare > Medicine > Cancer
- All > Healthcare > Medicine > Cancer > Lung Cancer
- All > Healthcare > Medicine > Malaria
All > Science > Biotechnology and Genetics > Food Biotechnology
The cowpox virus used to vaccinate against smallpox and, experimentally, as a carrier of genes for antigenic determinants cloned from other disease organisms.
The cowpox virus used to vaccinate against smallpox and, experimentally, as a carrier of genes for antigenic determinants cloned from other disease organisms.
- Browse Related Terms: candidate-gene strategy, codon optimization, DNA cloning, expression system, functional gene cloning, Gene splicing, recombinant, Recombinant DNA technology, recombinant protein, recombinant vaccine, replacement, source DNA, sub-unit vaccine, Vaccinia
All > Science > Biotechnology and Genetics > Food Biotechnology
A fluid-filled membrane-bound cavity inside many plant cells, in which various plant products and by-products are stored.
- Browse Related Terms: differentially permeable, endocytosis, Golgi apparatus, inclusion body, ion channel, lamella, liposome, lysis, organelle, Permeable, secretion, vacuole
All > Science > Energy > Renewable Energy > Biomass
The separation of two or more liquids under reduced vapor pressure; reduces the boiling points of the liquids being separated.
- Browse Related Terms: batch distillation, British thermal unit (Btu), distillate, distillation, flash point, Heating Value, Higher Heating Value (HHV), lower heating value (LLV), proof, TAR, vacuum distillation, volatile
All > Science > Astronomy > Astrophysics
A theorized energy everywhere in space, arising from quantum mechanics.
- Browse Related Terms: Background Radiation, Closed Universe, COSMIC, Cosmic Microwave Backgroun (CMB), Cosmology, Flat Universe, Flatness Problem, Geocentric, Geometries, Heliocentric, Metastable Energy Density, Omega, Ω, Opaque to Radiation, Open Universe , Ω, Planck Time, Universe, Vacuum Energy
The deposition of thin films of semiconductor material by the evaporation of elemental sources in a vacuum.
- Browse Related Terms: Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD), Electrodeposition, Physical Vapor Deposition, Spray Pyrolysis, Sputtering, Vacuum Evaporation
Velocity Azimuth Display
- Browse Related Terms: BASE DATA, BASE PRODUCTS, Base Reflectivity, Layer Composite Reflectivity Average, Layer Composite Reflectivity Maximum, OBSC, Radar Range, Range, Reflectivity Cross Section, Severe Weather Analysis, Spectrum Width Cross Section, Storm Relative Mean Radial Velocity Map, Storm Relative Mean Radial Velocity Regi, Storm Tracking Information, VAD, Weak Echo Region
A radar plot of horizontal winds, derived from VAD data, as a function of height above a Doppler Radar. The display is plotted with height as the vertical axis and time as the horizontal axis (a so-called time-height display), which then depicts the change in wind with time at various heights. This display is useful for observing local changes in vertical wind shear, such as backing of low-level winds, increases in speed shear, and development or evolution of nearby jet streams (including low-level jets). This product often is referred to erroneously as a VAD.
- Browse Related Terms: ADPC, Correlated Shear, Deformation Zone, FNTLYS, Frontogenesis, Helicity, Jet Wind Speed Profile, LLWS, Microburst, Mixing Depth, Mountainado, Profiler, Shear, Speed Shear, Storm Relative, Straight-Line Hodograph, Tornado Vortex Signature, VAD Wind Profile, VWP, Wind Shear, Wind Shear Profile
The locus of points just above the water table where soil pores may either contain air or water. This is also called the zone of aeration.
- Browse Related Terms: Ground water, Perched Groundwater, Phreatic water, Phreatic Zone, Saturated zone, Semipervious zone., Unsaturated zone, Uplift pressure, Vadose Zone, Water table, Zone of Aeration, Zone of saturation
The locus of points just above the water table where soil pores may either contain air or water. This is also called the zone of aeration
An air pollution transport and diffusion model developed to determine pesticide drift from aerial spraying operations in valleys.
- Browse Related Terms: AGDISP, Box Model, Chemistry Model, Diagnostic Model, domain, Full-Physics Numerical Model, Gaussian Plume Model, Gaussian Puff Model, Perturbation Model, Phenomenological Model, VALDRIFT
The highest energy band in a semiconductor that can be filled with electrons.
- Browse Related Terms: Absorber, Band Gap, Band Gap Energy, Charge Carrier, Charge Controller, Conduction Band, Diffusion Length, Diode, Donor, Dopant, Electrical Energy, electrolyte, Electron, Hole, Ion, Valence Band
The period of time during which a forecast or warning, until it is updated or superseded by a new forecast issuance, is in effect.
- Browse Related Terms: 1-2-3 Rule, AGFS, Complex Gale/Storm, CWFA, Developing Gale/Storm, FA, FCST, FOUS, Grids, High Seas Forecast, Marine Zone, NSSFC, OFSHR, PROGGED, Radar Meteorology, RAFC, RAFS, Red Flag Warning, TAF, Valid Time, ZFP
(VTEC) - The Valid Time Event Code (VTEC) always is used in conjunction with, and provides supplementary information to, the Universal Geographic Code (UGC), to further aid in the automated delivery of National Weather Service text products to users. The VTEC is included in many event driven or non-routine products and in some routine Marine forecasts. The VTEC provides information on the event, while the UGC describes the affected geographic area.
- Browse Related Terms: AFOS, AFSS, SYNS, UGC, Universal Geographic Code, Valid Time Event Code, VTEC