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The day-night average sound level. It is the average A-weighted sound level over a 24-hour period that gives additional weight to noise that occurs during the night (10:00 p.m. to 7:00 a.m.) to account for the greater sensitivity of most people to nighttime noise.
- Browse Related Terms: Atmospheric absorption, attenuation, Background level noise, Broadband noise, Chronic effects, Day-night average noise level, Daytime mean rural background level, Decibel (dB), Decibel, A-weighted (dBA), Geometric spreading, Hertz (Hz), Ldn, Leq, MCL, Nighttime mean rural background level, Noise
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- Equivalent/continuous sound level. Leq is the steady sound level that would contain the same total sound energy as the time-varying sound over a given time.
- Browse Related Terms: Atmospheric absorption, attenuation, Background level noise, Broadband noise, Chronic effects, Day-night average noise level, Daytime mean rural background level, Decibel (dB), Decibel, A-weighted (dBA), Geometric spreading, Hertz (Hz), Ldn, Leq, MCL, Nighttime mean rural background level, Noise
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An igneous intrusion that has been forced between two layered rock units. The top of the intrusion is arched upwards and the bottom of the intrusion is nearly flat.
- Browse Related Terms: Aquifer, Basement complex, Basement rock, Breccia, Chert, Conglomerate, Hydrostratigraphic, Impermeable, Induration, Laccolith, Metamorphic rock, Quartzite, Schist, Shale (outcrop), Siltstone, Strata, Volcanoclastic rock
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Wetlands that are generally larger than 20 acres and having less than 30% cover of vegetation such as trees, shrubs, or persistent emergent plants. Lacustrine sediments are generally made up of fine-grained particles deposited in lakes.
- Browse Related Terms: Acid deposition, Alluvial, Alluvial flats, Alluvial plains, Delta, Excessive slopes, Fluvial, Geotextile mats, Interdune flat, Lacustrine wetland, Land disturbance in natural drainage systems, Overbank deposits, Shear strength, Soil deposition, Unconsolidated (basin fill deposits), Vernal pool
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Residual deposit of coarse material that has had the finer fraction removed by a transporting agent, usually wind or water.
- Browse Related Terms: Borrow material, Desert dune, Eolian, Lag gravel, Sand dune, Sedimentation, Winnowing
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A mudflow composed of water and volcanic ash. Lahars can be triggered by the flash melting of the snow cap of a volcanic mountain or from heavy rain. Lahars are very dangerous because they can occur suddenly and they can travel at great speeds.
- Browse Related Terms: Alluvial fan, Alluvian fan terrace, Bajada, Debris flow fans, Desert bench, Fan, Fan apron, Fan piedmont, Fan remnant, Fan terrace, Inset fans, Lahar, Skirt (fan, dune)
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Includes dry land and land temporarily or partially covered by water, such as marshlands, swamps, and river flood plains; streams, sloughs, estuaries, and canals less than 1/8 of a statute mile in width; and lakes, reservoirs, and ponds having less than 40 acres of water-surface area.
- Browse Related Terms: Arroyo, Desert wash, Diversion, Drop structure, Dry wash, Headwater, Intermittent stream, Land area, Lineament, Natural drainages, Riverine wetland, Tributary, underflow, Wash
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The physical coverage of land, usually expressed in terms of vegetation cover or lack of it.
- Browse Related Terms: Albedo (effects), Alkali sink, Arable lands, Blowout, Desiccation, form, herbicide, Land cover, Land Use, Microsite, Perennial surface water features, Phreatic vegetation, Physiography, Scrubland, Swale, Terrain, Unconsolidated shore wetlands, Wickiup
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Discrete event or process that alters soil and/or kills or damages vegetation. From an ecological and hierarchical perspective, disturbance is a change in the minimal structure of an ecosystem caused by a factor external to the reference structure. Examples of disturbance are habitat reduction, habitat fragmentation, and habitat alteration.
- Browse Related Terms: Historic resources, Horizon line, Impact, Land disturbance, Scenic quality, Scenic resources, Scenic value, Skylining, Visual feature, Visual harmony
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Any movement (e.g., grading or excavation) of soil or sediment in a natural drainageway.
- Browse Related Terms: Acid deposition, Alluvial, Alluvial flats, Alluvial plains, Delta, Excessive slopes, Fluvial, Geotextile mats, Interdune flat, Lacustrine wetland, Land disturbance in natural drainage systems, Overbank deposits, Shear strength, Soil deposition, Unconsolidated (basin fill deposits), Vernal pool
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- The sinking or settling of land to a lower level in response to various natural and man-caused factors. With respect to groundwater, subsidence most frequently results from overdrafts of the underlying water table or aquifer and its inability to fully recharge, a process called aquifer compaction. See also Subsidence
- Browse Related Terms: CLFR, Fissure, earth or ground, Fresnel - Compact Linear Fresnel Reflector (CLFR), Land subsidence, Structure
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A characterization of land surface in terms of its potential utility for various activities.
- Browse Related Terms: Albedo (effects), Alkali sink, Arable lands, Blowout, Desiccation, form, herbicide, Land cover, Land Use, Microsite, Perennial surface water features, Phreatic vegetation, Physiography, Scrubland, Swale, Terrain, Unconsolidated shore wetlands, Wickiup
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- A set of decisions that establish management direction for land within an administrative area, as prescribed under the planning provisions of FLPMA; an assimilation of land-use-plan-level decisions developed through the planning process outlined in 43 CFR 1600, regardless of the scale at which the decisions were developed. See also Resource Management Plan
- Browse Related Terms: Agricultural fires, Alternative, Land Use Plan, Prescribed fires, Resource Management Plan (RMP), Visual Resource Inventory (VRI), Visual Resource Inventory (VRI) Classes, Visual Resource Management (VRM) Class Designations, Visual Resource Management (VRM) Classes, Visual Resource Management (VRM) System
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Withdrawals are governed by regulations issued under FLPMA, contained in 43 CFR Part 2300. A withdrawal is defined as: "Withholding an area of Federal land from settlement, sale, location, or entry under some or all of the general land laws, for the purpose of limiting activities under those laws in order to maintain other public values in the area or reserving the area for a particular public purpose or program; or transferring jurisdiction over an area of Federal land, other than property governed by the Federal Property and Administrative Services Act (40 U.S.C. 472), from one department, bureau or agency to another department, bureau or agency." (See 43 CFR 2300.0 5(h).
- Browse Related Terms: BLM, BLM land, Block Group (BG), Bureau of Land Management, Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), Federal Land Policy and Management Act of 1976 (FLPMA), Land withdrawal, Law of the River, Public land, Public Land Order (PLO), United States Code (USC)
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Any recognizable physical form of the Earth's surface, having a characteristic shape, and produced by natural causes. Landforms include major forms such as plains, plateaus, and mountains, and minor forms such as hills, valleys, slopes, and moraines. Taken together, the landforms make up the surface configuration of the Earth.
- Browse Related Terms: Borrow pit, Crustal spreading center, Cut-and-fill, Extensional (structural features or faults), Geotechnical, Landform, Lava, Mantle, Precambrian, Rift, Seismic, Special Use Airspace (SUA), Topography, Troposphere, Volcanic chain, Volcanism
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Type of reference point external to the observer. Usually a simply defined physical object. Some are distant, seen from many angles and distances over the tops of smaller elements and used as a radial reference.
- Browse Related Terms: gap, Landmark, Nonpoint light source, Point light source, Sky glow, Surface texture, Texture, Texture contrasts, Viewer distance, Viewpoint, Viewshed, Visual attention, Visual clutter, Visual resources
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The traits, patterns, and structure of a specific geographic area including its biological composition, its physical environment, and its anthropogenic or social patterns.
- Browse Related Terms: Area of Potential Effect (APE), Bald and Golden Eagle Protection Act, Build out, Census block, Census block groups, Critical Habitat, Endemic, First in time, first in right, Geographic air basin, Landscape, Maintenance area, Military Training Route (MTR), Prior Appropriation Doctrine, Senior water rights
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The arrangement of a particular landscape as formed by the variety and intensity of the landscape features and the four basic elements of form, line, color, and texture. These factors give the area a distinctive quality which distinguishes it from its immediate surroundings.
- Browse Related Terms: contrast, Cultural modification, Landscape character, LINE, Visual contrast, Visual disharmony, Visual impact, Visual intrusion
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The period 3,000 to 1,500 years B.P.
- Browse Related Terms: Aftershocks, discharge, Early Archaic, extremely low frequency (ELF), Historic, Impingement, Late Archaic, Prehistoric, savanna, Sedentism, Seismic swarm, Swarm (seismic swarm), Thorn forest, Wind rose
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An igneous, volcanic (extrusive) rock.
- Browse Related Terms: Diorite, Granite, Granodiorites, Igneous rock, Intrusive, Latite, Lava flow, Mafic (or maphic), Pluton, Plutonic