A pile of stones used as a marker.
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A box or chamber used in construction work under water. A structure or chamber which is usually sunk or lowered by digging from the inside. Used to gain access to the bottom of a stream or other body of water.
- Browse Related Terms: Backwater, Braided Stream, Caisson, Catchment basin, Coulees, Dendritic, Eddy, Gaining stream, Losing stream, Main channel, Mainstream (mainstem), Pool
Light-colored mineral composed of calcium carbonate that often fills veins in igneous rocks and forms the sedimentary rock limestone.
- Browse Related Terms: Calcite, Feldspar, Formation, Granite, Granitic, Granodiorite, Hornblende, Hornfels, Laccolith, Marble, Migmatite, Pegmatite, Rhyolite
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Large circular depression formed by explosion or collapse of a volcano.
- Browse Related Terms: A, Burden, Caldera (crater), Deflagration, Detonator, Fuse, Millisecond delay (short period delay), Spacing
The process of using historical data to estimate parameters in a hydrologic forecast technique such as SACSMA, routings, and unit hydrographs.
- Browse Related Terms: Average year water demand, Calibration, cycle, Dynamic Wave Routing Model (DWOPER), Ensemble Hydrologic Forecasting, Pluvial, Probability of load, Probable maximum flood (PMF) (maximum probable flood, MPF), Service Hydrologist
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The extra height added to the crest of embankment dams to ensure that the freeboard will not be diminished by foundation settlement or embankment consolidation. The amount of camber is different for each dam and is dependent on the amount of foundation settlement and embankment expected to occur.
- Browse Related Terms: BCD, Camber, DD, Dike, Diversion capacity, Downstream face, Earth Dam or Earthfill Dam, Flood Wave, Fluctuating flows, Gabion dam, Hydraulic fill structure, Impoundment, Irrigation check, Overtopping, Pond, Rolled Earth Dam, Saddle dam, Seepage collar, Tailings dam., Toe Drain (or Outfall), Toe of Dam, Toe of Dam (Upstream and Downstream), Top of dam., Upstream face
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A channel, usually open, that conveys water by gravity to farms, municipalities, etc.
- Browse Related Terms: Canal, Channel (watercourse), Channelization, Conveyance loss (distribution loss), Ditch, Exit channel., Head Race, Inlet structure., Lateral, Turnout
The beginning of a canal.
- Browse Related Terms: Anti-Seep Collar, Canal headworks, Canal prism, Coffer Dam, Cofferdam, crown, Culvert, Diversion channel (canal or tunnel), FKC, Invert, Lining, Springline
The shape of the canal as seen in cross section.
- Browse Related Terms: Anti-Seep Collar, Canal headworks, Canal prism, Coffer Dam, Cofferdam, crown, Culvert, Diversion channel (canal or tunnel), FKC, Invert, Lining, Springline
Plant or animal species that are candidates for designation as endangered (in danger of becoming extinct) or threatened (likely to become endangered), but is undergoing status review by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS).
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The maximum load that a generating unit, generating station, or other electrical apparatus can carry under specified conditions for a given period of time without exceeding approved limits of temperature and stress.
- Browse Related Terms: Active fault, Allowable pile bearing load, Annual failure probability, Baseload, Capability, Dependable Capacity, Intermittent capacity, Load Factor, Load following, Maximum demand, Normal loading conditions, Peak load, Peak load plant, Peaking capacity, Plant factor, Pressure, Reactive Power, Ready reserve, Running and quick-start capability, Seismic parameters, Unload-reload cycle
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- An active fault that is judged capable of producing macro-earthquakes and exhibits one or more of the following characteristics:
(1) Movement at or near the ground surface at least once within the past 35,000 years.
(2) Macroseismicity (3.5 magnitude Richter or greater) instrumentally determined with records of sufficient precision to demonstrate a direct relationship with the fault.
(3) A structural relationship to a capable fault such that movement on one fault could be reasonably expected to cause movement on the other.
(4) Established patterns of microseismicity that define a fault, with historic macroseismicity that can reasonably be associated with that fault.
- Browse Related Terms: Capable fault, DBE, Design basis earthquake (DBE), Design response spectra, Earthquake, Maximum credible earthquake (MCE), Maximum design earthquake (MDE), Operating basis earthquake (OBE), Safety Evaluation Earthquake (SEE), Seismic evaluation criteria, Soil classification, Synthetic earthquake
In power terminology, the load for which a generator, transmission line, or system is rated, expressed in kilowatts. The amount of electric power delivered or required for which a generator, turbine, transformer, transmission circuit, station, or system is rated by the manufacturer. The maximum load that a machine, station, or system can carry under existing service conditions. Equivalent terms: peak capability, peak generation, firm peak load, carrying capability. In transmission, the maximum load a transmission line is capable of carrying. See excess capacity and peaking capacity. Also refers to powerplant generation capability under specific operating conditions and the amount of marketable resource under such conditions.
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(1) The degree to which a material or object containing minute openings or passages, when immersed in a liquid, will draw the surface of the liquid above the hydrostatic level. Unless otherwise defined, the liquid is generally assumed to be water. (2) The phenomenon by which water is held in interstices above the normal hydrostatic level, due to attraction between water molecules.
- Browse Related Terms: Aeration, Capillarity, Impermeable, Impervious, Impervious material, Infiltration, Leaching, Permeability, Permeable, Permeate, Pervious
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The rise or movement of water in the interstices of a soil or rock due to capillary forces. The process by which water rises through rock, sediment or soil caused by the cohesion between water molecules and an adhesion between water and other materials that pulls the water upward. A property of surface tension that draws water upwards. See capillary movement.
- Browse Related Terms: Ball-milling, Capillary action (capillarity), Capillary forces, cohesion, Heave, Shear, Uplift
The tendency of water to move into fine spaces, as between soil particles, regardless of gravity.
- Browse Related Terms: Base exchange, Capillary attraction (capillary force), Chisel plowing, Colloidal particles, Dispersing agent, Mulch, Open-work materials, Palmer Drought Severity Index, Particle displacement, Particle size, Pore-water pressure, Tilth
The molecular forces which cause the movement of water through very small spaces.
- Browse Related Terms: Ball-milling, Capillary action (capillarity), Capillary forces, cohesion, Heave, Shear, Uplift
The soil area just above the water table where water can rise up slightly through the cohesive force of capillary action. This layer ranges in depth from a couple of inches, to a few feet, and it depends on the pore sizes of the materials. The capillary fringe is also called the capillary zone.
- Browse Related Terms: Capillary Fringe, Capillary fringe zone, Capillary migration (capillary flow), Capillary movement, Capillary water, Capillary Zone, Intermediate Zone, Phreatophyte, Seepage loss
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The zone above the free water elevation in which water is held by capillary action. The porous material just above the water table which may hold water by capillarity in the smaller void spaces.
- Browse Related Terms: Capillary Fringe, Capillary fringe zone, Capillary migration (capillary flow), Capillary movement, Capillary water, Capillary Zone, Intermediate Zone, Phreatophyte, Seepage loss
The potential, expressed in head of water, that causes the water to flow by capillary action.
- Browse Related Terms: Baffle, Barrage, Capillary head, Flow channel, Fluctuating zone, Head Loss, Hydrologic Equation, Iowa vane, Leak, Leakage, Orifice, Primary (or Principal) Spillway, Riffle and pool complex, Storm Hydrograph, Training wall