Weather — page 17 of 38

3,760 terms including subtopics (3,094 terms filed directly here)

Subtopics

Weather terms

  1. Hummock A hillock of broken ice which has been forced upward by pressure.
  2. Hummocked Ice Ice piled haphazardly one piece over another to form an uneven surface.
  3. Hurricane (abbrev. HURCN) A tropical cyclone in the Atlantic, Caribbean Sea, Gulf of Mexico, or eastern Pacific, which the maximum 1-minute sustained surface wind…
  4. Hurricane / Typhoon A tropical cyclone in which the maximum sustained surface wind (using the U.S. 1-minute average) is 64 kt (74 mph or 119 km/hr) or more.
  5. Hurricane Force Wind Warning A warning for sustained winds, or frequent gusts, of 64 knots (74 mph) or greater, either predicted or occurring, and not directly associated with a…
  6. Hurricane Local Statement A public release prepared by local National Weather Service offices in or near a threatened area giving specific details for its county/parish warning…
  7. Hurricane Season The part of the year having a relatively high incidence of tropical cyclones. In the Atlantic, Caribbean, and Gulf of Mexico, and central North Pacific…
  8. Hurricane Warning A warning that sustained winds 64 kt (74 mph or 119 kph) or higher associated with a hurricane are expected in a specified coastal area in 24 hours or…
  9. Hurricane Watch An announcement of specific coastal areas that a hurricane or an incipient hurricane condition poses a possible threat, generally within 36 hours
  10. HV have
  11. HVY Heavy
  12. HWVR However
  13. Hyder Flare In solar-terrestrial terms, a filiment-associated two-ribbon flare, often occurring in spotless regions.
  14. Hydraulic Fill Dam An embankment dam constructed of materials, often dredged, which are conveyed and/or placed by suspension in flowing water.
  15. Hydraulic Flow Atmospheric flow that is similar in character to the flow of water over an obstacle.
  16. Hydraulic Grade Line A line whose plotted ordinate position represents the sum of pressure head plus elevation head for the various positions along a given fluid flow path…
  17. Hydraulic Head (1) The height of the free surface of a body of water above a given point beneath the surface.
  18. Hydraulic Jump A steady disturbance in the lee of a mountain, where the airflow passing over the mountain suddenly changes from a region of low depth and high velocity…
  19. Hydraulic Permeability The flow of water through a unit cross-sectional area of soil normal to the direction of flow when the hydraulic gradient is unity.
  20. Hydrocarbons Substances containing only hydrogen and carbon. Fossil fuels are made up of hydrocarbons.
  21. Hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) Compounds containing hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine, and carbon atoms. Although ozone depleting substances, they are less potent at destroying stratospheric…
  22. Hydroelectric Power Plant A power plant that produces electricity by the force of water falling through a hydro turbine that spins a generator.
  23. Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) Compounds containing only hydrogen, fluorine, and carbon atoms. They were introduced as alternatives to ozone depleting substances in serving many…
  24. Hydrograph A graphical representation of the stage or discharge as a function of time at a particular point on a watercourse; a time-discharge curve of the unsteady…
  25. Hydrograph Separation The process where the storm hydrograph is separated into baseflow components and surface runoff components.
  26. Hydrographic Survey An instrumental survey to measure and determine characteristics of streams and other bodies of water within an area, including such things as location…
  27. Hydrologic Budget An accounting of the inflow to, outflow from, and storage in, a hydrologic unit, such as a drainage basin, aquifer, soil zone, lake, reservoir, or…
  28. Hydrologic Cycle Cycle of water movement from atmosphere to Earth by precipitation and its return to the atmosphere by interception, evaporation, runoff, infiltration…
  29. hydrologic cycle (or water cycle) the combined fluxes of water occurring on, above, and below the surface of the earth.
  30. Hydrologic Equation The water inventory equation (Inflow = Outflow + Change in Storage) which expresses the basic principle that during a given time interval the total inflow…
  31. Hydrologic Model A conceptual or physically-based procedure for numerically simulating a process or processes which occur in a watershed.
  32. Hydrologic Service Area HSA. A geographical area assigned to Weather Service Forecast Office's/Weather Forecast Office's that embraces one or more rivers.
  33. Hydrology The science dealing with the distribution, properties and circulation of water on land, in the soil, and in the atmosphere.
  34. Hydrometeor A particle of condensed water (liquid, snow, ice, graupel, hail) in the atmosphere.
  35. hydrometeor types Information that delineates hydrometeors into such microphysical classes as rain, snow, graupel, and hail.
  36. Hydrometeorologists In hydrologic terms, individuals who have the combined knowledge in the fields of both meteorology and hydrology which enables them to study and solve…
  37. Hydrometeorology An inter­disci­plinary science involving the study and analysis of the inter­relation­ships between the atmo­spheric and land phases of…
  38. Hydropower The force of flowing water moving downstream creates energy that can be harnessed and turned into electricity.
  39. Hydrosphere The region that includes all the earth's liquid water, frozen water, floating ice, frozen upper layer of soil, and the small amounts of water vapor in the…
  40. Hydrostatic Head A measure of pressure at a given point in a liquid in terms of the vertical height of a column of the same liquid which would produce the same pressure.
  41. Hydro­meteorology An inter­disci­plinary science involving the study and analysis of the inter­relation­ships between the atmo­spheric and land phases of…
  42. Hyetograph A graphical representation of rainfall intensity with respect to time.
  43. Hygrometer An instrument which measures the humidity of the air.
  44. Hygroscopic Absorbing or attracting moisture from the air.
  45. hygroscopic growth The rate that aerosol particles grow at relative humidity values less than 100 percent.
  46. Hypothermia this situation occurs when the core temperature of one's body falls below normal.
  47. Hypothesis A tentative proposal made to explain certain observations or facts that requires further investigation to be verified.
  48. Hz See Hertz
  49. ICE Ice The solid state of water.
  50. Ice Age A time of widespread glaciation.
  51. Ice blink Ice blink White glare on the underside of low clouds indicating presence of ice which may be beyond the range of vision.
  52. Ice Boom A floating structure designed to retain ice.
  53. Ice Bridge A continuous ice cover of limited size extending from shore to shore like a bridge.
  54. Ice Core A cylindrical section of ice removed from a glacier or an ice sheet in order to study climate patterns of the past.
  55. ice crystal Precipitation consisting of small, slowly falling crystals of ice.
  56. Ice Crystals A barely visible crystalline form of ice that has the shape of needles, columns or plates. Ice crystals are so small that they seem to be suspended in air.
  57. Ice Fog Same as Freezing Fog; a suspension of numerous minute ice crystals in the air, or water droplets at temperatures below 0º Celsius, based at the Earth's…
  58. Ice Gorge The gorge or opening left in a jam after it has broken.
  59. Ice Jam A stationary accumulation that restricts or blocks streamflow.
  60. ice nuclei Particles that act as nuclei for the formation of ice crystals in the atmosphere.
  61. Ice Nucleus Any particle that serves as a nucleus in the formation of ice crystals in the atmosphere.
  62. Ice patrol ship Ice patrol ship A research ship which performs ice surveys in polar regions.
  63. Ice Pellets (abbrev. IP) Same as Sleet; defined as pellets of ice composed of frozen or mostly frozen raindrops or refrozen partially melted snowflakes.
  64. Ice Push Compression of an ice cover particularly at the front of a moving section of ice cover.
  65. ice rafted detritus continental material transported within a matrix of ice and deposited in marine sediments when the ice matrix melts.
  66. Ice Run Flow of ice in a river. An ice run may be light or heavy, and may consist of frazil, anchor, slush, or sheet ice.
  67. ice sheet a mass of glacier ice that covers a wider area than a glacier does.
  68. ice sheet margin edge of the ice sheet where melting and calving of icebergs occurs.
  69. Ice Shove On-shore ice push caused by wind, and currents, changes in temperature, etcetera.
  70. Ice Storm An ice storm is used to describe occasions when damaging accumulations of ice are expected during freezing rain situations.
  71. Ice Storm Warning This product is issued by the National Weather Service when freezing rain produces a significant and possibly damaging accumulation of ice.
  72. ice streams region within an ice sheet where ice moves towards the ice sheet margin significantly faster than the surrounding ice does.
  73. Ice Twitch Downstream movement of a small section of an ice cover. Ice twitches occur suddenly and often appear successively.
  74. Iceberg A piece of a glacier which has broken off and is floating in the sea.
  75. Icelandic Low A semi-permanent, subpolar area of low pressure in the North Atlantic Ocean. Because of its broad area and range of central pressure, it is an area where…
  76. Icing A coating of ice on a solid object.
  77. Ideal Gas Laws The thermodynamic laws applying to perfect gases.
  78. IFR Instrument Flight Rules
  79. Impermeable Refers to a rock matrix that water cannot infiltrate.
  80. Impervious Not permeable; not allowing liquid to pass through. Resistant to movement of water.
  81. IMPL Impulse- Alternate term for Upper Level System and Shortwave; a general term for any large-scale or mesoscale disturbance capable of producing upward…
  82. Import Data brought into an environment or application which has been exported from another environment or application.
  83. IMPT Important
  84. Impulse (abbrev. IMPL) Alternate term for Upper Level System and Shortwave; a general term for any large-scale or mesoscale disturbance capable of producing…
  85. in Hg Inches of Mercury
  86. In-Cloud Lightning (abbrev. IC) Lightning that takes place within the cloud.
  87. Inactive Storage Capacity The portion of capacity below which the reservoir is not normally drawn, and which is provided for sedimentation, recreation, fish and wildlife, aesthetic…
  88. Inch-Degrees The product of inches of rainfall multiplied by the temperature in degrees above freezing (Fahrenheit Scale), used as a measure of the snowmelting…
  89. Inches of Mercury (or in Hg) Unit of atmospheric pressure used in the United States. The name comes from the use of mercurial barometers which equate the height of a column…
  90. Inches of Runoff The volume of water from runoff of a given depth over the entire drainage.
  91. INCR Increase
  92. INDC Indicate
  93. Index of Wetness The ratio of precipitation for a given year over the mean annual precipitation.
  94. Indian Summer An unseasonably warm period near the middle of autumn, usually following a substantial period of cool weather.
  95. Indirect Hit Generally refers to locations that do not experience a direct hit from a tropical cyclone, but do experience hurricane force winds (either sustained or…
  96. Industrial Consumption The quantity of water consumed in a municipality or district for mechanical, trade, and manufacturing purposes, in a given period, generally one day.
  97. Industrial sector Construction, manufacturing, agricultural and mining establishments.
  98. Infiltration Leakage of ground water into a sewage collection system.
  99. Infiltration Capacity The maximum rate at which water can enter the soil at a particular point under a given set of conditions.
  100. Infiltration Index An average rate of infiltration, in inches per hour, equal to the average rate of rainfall such as that the volume of rainfall at greater rates equals the…

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