stage IV anal cancerThe tumor may be any size, and cancer has spread to distant parts of the body. It may also have spread to lymph nodes and nearby organs.
stage IV bladder cancerCancer has spread from the bladder to the wall of the abdomen or pelvis. Cancer may have spread to one or more lymph nodes or to other parts of the body.
stage IV breast cancerCancer has spread to other organs of the body, most often the bones, lungs, liver, or brain.
stage IV cancer of the uterusCancer cells have spread to the lining of the bladder or rectum or to distant parts of the body.
stage IV cervical cancer(... SER-vih-kul KAN-ser) Cancer has spread to the bladder, rectum, or other parts of the body. Stage IV is divided into stages IVA and IVB.
stage IV childhood Hodgkin lymphoma(...HOJ-kin lim-FOH-muh) Cancer is found throughout one or more organs that are not part of the lymph system and may be in lymph nodes near or far away…
stage IV childhood non-Hodgkin lymphoma(... non-HOJ-kin lim-FOH-muh) Cancer is found in the bone marrow, brain, or spinal cord. Cancer may also be found in other parts of the body.
stage IV chronic lymphocytic leukemiaThere are too many lymphocytes in the blood and too few platelets. The lymph nodes, liver, or spleen may be larger than normal and there may be too few…
stage IV colorectal cancer(...KOH-loh-REK-tul KAN-ser) Cancer may have spread to nearby lymph nodes and has spread to other parts of the body, such as the liver or lungs.
stage IV cutaneous T-cell lymphomaStage IV cutaneous T-cell lymphoma may be either of the following: in stage IVA cancer, the skin is red, dry, and scaly, and the lymph nodes contain…
stage IV endometrial cancerCancer has spread beyond the pelvis. Stage IV is divided into stage IVA and IVB, based on how far the cancer has spread.
stage IV esophageal cancer(...ee-SAH-fuh-JEE-ul KAN-ser) Stage IV esophageal cancer is divided into stage IVA and stage IVB, depending on where the cancer has spread.
stage IV extrahepatic bile duct cancer(EK-struh-hih-PA-tik bile dukt) Cancer has spread to lymph nodes and/or organs far away from the extrahepatic bile duct.
stage IV gallbladder cancerIn stage IV, cancer has spread to nearby lymph nodes and/or to organs far away from the gallbladder.
stage IV gastric cancerCancer has spread (1) to organs next to the stomach and to at least one lymph node, or (2) to more than 15 lymph nodes, or (3) to other parts of the body.
stage IV hypopharynx cancerThe tumor has spread to nearby tissues and lymph nodes of the neck and may have spread to other parts of the body.
stage IV kidney cancerCancer has spread (1) beyond the layer of fatty tissue around the kidney and may be found in 1 nearby lymph node; or (2) to 2 or more nearby lymph nodes…
stage IV laryngeal cancer(... luh-RIN-jee-ul KAN-ser) Stage IV is divided into stages IVA, IVB, and IVC.
stage IV lip and oral cavity cancerStage IV is divided into stages IVA, IVB, and IVC. In stage IVA, the tumor has spread to nearby tissues in the lip and oral cavity (mouth); and/or cancer…
stage IV nasopharyngeal cancer(...NAY-zoh-fuh-RIN-jee-ul KAN-ser) Stage IV nasopharyngeal cancer is divided into stages IVA, IVB, and IVC.
stage IV non-small cell lung cancer(... KAN-ser) Cancer that may have spread to lymph nodes and has spread to another lobe of the lungs or to other parts of the body, such as the brain…
stage IV nonmelanoma skin cancer(⦠non-MEH-luh-NOH-muh skin KAN-ser) Cancer that forms in squamous cells or basal cells in the skin.
stage IV oropharyngeal cancer(... OR-oh-fuh-RIN-jee-ul KAN-ser) Stage IV oropharyngeal cancer is divided into stages IVA, IVB, and IVC.
stage IV ovarian epithelial cancer(...oh-VAYR-ee-un EH-pih-THEE-lee-ul KAN-ser) Cancer that began in tissue covering the ovary is found in one or both ovaries and has spread beyond the…
stage IV ovarian germ cell tumor(...oh-VAYR-ee-un jerm sel TOO-mer) Cancer is found in one or both ovaries and has metastasized (spread) beyond the abdomen to other parts of the body.
stage IV ovarian low malignant potential tumor(⦠oh-VAYR-ee-un...muh-LIG-nunt poh-TEN-shul TOO-mer) The tumor is found in one or both ovaries and has metastasized (spread) beyond the…
stage IV pancreatic cancerCancer may be of any size and has spread to distant organs, such as the liver, lung, and peritoneal cavity (the body cavity that contains most of the…
stage IV penile cancer(... PEE-nile ...) Cancer has spread to tissues near the penis and may have spread to lymph nodes in the groin or pelvis; or cancer has spread anywhere in…
stage IV prostate cancer(...PROS-tayt KAN-ser) Cancer that began in the prostate and has spread to lymph nodes near or far from the prostate, or to other parts of the body, often…
stage IV renal cell cancer(REE-nul) Cancer has spread (1) beyond the layer of fatty tissue around the kidney and may be found in 1 nearby lymph node; or (2) to 2 or more nearby…
stage IV salivary gland cancer ((...SA-lih-VAYR-ee gland KAN-ser) Stage IV salivary gland cancer is divided into stages IVA, IVB, and IVC.
stage IV uterine sarcoma(â¦YOO-teh-rin sar-KOH-muh) Stage IV uterine sarcoma is divided into stages IVA and IVB.
stage IV vaginal cancer(...VA-jih-nul KAN-ser) Stage IV vaginal cancer is divided into stages IVA and IVB.
stage IV vulvar cancer(... VUL-ver KAN-ser) Stage IV vulvar cancer is divided into stages IVA and IVB.
stage IV Wilms tumorCancer has spread through the blood to organs such as the lungs, liver, bone, or brain, or to lymph nodes outside of the abdomen and pelvis (the part of…
stage IVA hypopharyngeal cancerStage IV hypopharyngeal cancer is divided into stages IVA, IVB, and IVC. In stage IVA, the tumor is (1) any size and has spread to nearby soft tissue…
stage IVA laryngeal cancer(...luh-RIN-jul...) Stage IV is divided into stages IVA, IVB, and IVC. In stage IVA, one of the following is found: (1) cancer has spread through the…
stage IVA lip and oral cavity cancerStage IV is divided into stages IVA, IVB, and IVC. In stage IVA, the tumor has spread to nearby tissues in the lip and oral cavity (mouth); and/or cancer…
stage IVA pancreatic cancerCancer has spread to organs that are near the pancreas (such as the stomach, spleen, or colon) but has not spread to distant organs (such as the liver or…
stage IVB hypopharyngeal cancerStage IV hypopharyngeal cancer is divided into stages IVA, IVB, and IVC. In stage IVB, the tumor either (1) has spread to nearby soft tissue, connective…
stage IVB laryngeal cancer(...luh-RIN-jul...) Stage IV is divided into stages IVA, IVB, and IVC. In stage IVB, one of the following is found: (1) cancer has spread to the space in…
stage IVB lip and oral cavity cancerStage IV is divided into stages IVA, IVB, and IVC. In stage IVB, the tumor has spread to one or more lymph nodes that are larger than 6 centimeters (about…
stage IVB pancreatic cancerCancer of the pancreas in which the cancer has spread to distant organs (such as the liver or lungs).
stage IVC hypopharyngeal cancerStage IV hypopharyngeal cancer is divided into stages IVA, IVB, and IVC. In stage IVC, cancer has spread beyond the hypopharynx to other parts of the body.
stage IVC laryngeal cancer(...luh-RIN-jul...) Stage IV is divided into stages IVA, IVB, and IVC. In stage IVC, cancer has spread beyond the larynx to distant parts of the body.
stage IVC lip and oral cavity cancerStage IV is divided into stages IVA, IVB, and IVC. In stage IVC, the tumor has spread beyond the lip and oral cavity (mouth) to other parts of the body.
stage V Wilms tumorCancer cells are found in both kidneys when the disease is first diagnosed. Each kidney is staged separately as I, II, III, or IV.
staging(STAY-jing) Performing exams and tests to learn the extent of the cancer within the body, especially whether the disease has spread from the original site…
stamina(STA-mih-nuh) The energy and strength to endure physical activity, stress, or illness over time.
standard errorThe standard error of an estimate is a measure of the sampling variability of the estimate.
Standard Million PopulationA standard million population for a geographic area is a table giving the number of persons in each age group 0, 1-4, ...
standard of careIn medicine, treatment that experts agree is appropriate, accepted, and widely used.
Standard PopulationA standard population for a geographic area, such as the US or the world, is a table giving the proportions of the population falling into the age groups…
standard therapy(...THAYR-uh-pee) In medicine, treatment that experts agree is appropriate, accepted, and widely used.
starchA substance found in plants. It contains sugar molecules joined chemically. It is found in high levels in foods such as potatoes, rice, corn, and wheat.
statin(STA-tin) Any of a group of drugs that lower the amount of cholesterol and certain fats in the blood.
Statistically SignificantDescribes a mathematical measure of difference between groups. The difference is said to be statistically significant if it is greater than what might be…
staurosporineA drug that belongs to the family of drugs called alkaloids. It is being studied in the treatment of cancer.
stavudineA drug that belongs to the family of drugs called nucleoside analogs. It is used to treat infection caused by viruses.
Stem cellA cell from which other types of cells develop. For example, blood cells develop from blood-forming stem cells.
stem cell factorA drug being studied for its ability to increase the number of stem cells in the blood. It is a type of hematopoietic cell growth factor.
stem cell transplantation(stem sel tranz-plan-TAY-shun) A method of replacing immature blood-forming cells that were destroyed by cancer treatment.
StemgenA drug being studied for its ability to increase the number of stem cells in the blood. It is a type of hematopoietic cell growth factor.
stentA device placed in a body structure (such as a blood vessel or the gastrointestinal tract) to keep the structure open.
Stereotactic(ster"ee-oh-tak'tik) characterized by precise positioning in space.
stereotactic biopsy(STAYR-ee-oh-TAK-tik BY-op-see) A biopsy procedure that uses a computer and a 3-dimensional scanning device to find a tumor site and guide the removal of…
stereotactic body radiation therapy(STAYR-ee-oh-TAK-tik BAH-dee RAY-dee-AY-shun THAYR-uh-pee) A type of external radiation therapy that uses special equipment to position a patient and…
stereotactic external-beam radiation therapy(STAYR-ee-oh-TAK-tik ... RAY-dee-AY-shun THAYR-uh-pee) A type of external radiation therapy that uses special equipment to position the patient and…
stereotactic injectionA procedure in which a computer and a 3-dimensional scanning device are used to inject anticancer drugs directly into a tumor.
stereotactic radiation therapy(STAYR-ee-oh-TAK-tik RAY-dee-AY-shun THAYR-uh-pee) A type of external radiation therapy that uses special equipment to position the patient and precisely…
stereotactic radiosurgery(STAYR-ee-oh-TAK-tik RAY-dee-oh-SER-juh-ree) A type of external radiation therapy that uses special equipment to position the patient and precisely give a…
stereotaxic radiation therapy(STAYR-ee-oh-TAK-sik RAY-dee-AY-shun THAYR-uh-pee) A type of external radiation therapy that uses special equipment to position the patient and precisely…
stereotaxic radiosurgery(STAYR-ee-oh-TAK-sik RAY-dee-oh-SER-jeh-ree) A type of external radiation therapy that uses special equipment to position the patient and precisely give a…
stereotaxis(STAYR-ee-oh-TAX-iss) Use of a computer and scanning devices to create 3-dimensional pictures.
sterile(STER-il) Unable to produce children. Also means free from germs.
sterile talc powder(STER-il...) A mineral, usually used in a powdered form. In cancer treatment, sterile talc powder is used to prevent pleural effusions (an abnormal…
sternumThe long flat bone that forms the center front of the chest wall. The sternum is attached to the collarbone and the first seven ribs.
steroid(STAYR-oyd) Any of a group of lipids (fats) that have a certain chemical structure.
steroid cream(STAYR-oyd...) A skin cream containing a type of drug that relieves swelling, itching, and inflammation.
steroid drug(STAYR-oyd) A type of drug used to relieve swelling and inflammation. Some steroid drugs may also have antitumor effects.
steroid metabolism gene(STAYR-oyd meh-TA-buh-lih-zum JEEN) A type of gene that helps the body build up or break down steroids.
steroid therapy(STAYR-oyd THAYR-uh-pee) Treatment with corticosteroid drugs to reduce swelling, pain, and other symptoms of inflammation.
STI571A drug used to treat different types of leukemia and other cancers of the blood, gastrointestinal stromal tumors, skin tumors called dermatofibrosarcoma…
stimulant(STIM-yoo-lunt) In medicine, a family of drugs used to treat depression, attention-deficit disorder (a common disorder in which children are inattentive…
stoma(STOH-muh) A surgically created opening from an area inside the body to the outside.
stomach(STUH-muk) An organ that is part of the digestive system. The stomach helps digest food by mixing it with digestive juices and churning it into a thin…
stomach cancer(STUH-muk KAN-ser) Cancer that forms in tissues lining the stomach. Also called gastric cancer.
stomatitisInflammation or irritation of the mucous membranes in the mouth.
StoolThe material in a bowel movement. Stool is made up of food that was not digested, bacteria, mucus, and cells from the intestines. Also called feces.
Stool testA test to check for hidden blood in the bowel movement.
streptavidinA small bacterial protein that binds with high affinity to the vitamin biotin. This streptavidin-biotin combination can be used to link molecules such as…
streptozocinAn anticancer drug that belongs to the family of drugs called alkylating agents.
StressThe response of the body to physical, mental, or emotional pressure. This may make a person feel frustrated, angry, or anxious, and may cause unhealthy…
stress protein(... PROH-teen) One of a group of proteins that help protect cells from stresses such as heat, cold, and low amounts of oxygen or glucose (sugar).