thoracic(thoh-RAH-sik) Having to do with the chest.
thoracic surgeon(thoh-RAH-sik SER-jun) A surgeon who specializes in operating on organs inside the chest, including the heart and lungs.
thoracic surgical oncologist(thoh-RAH-sik SER-jih-kul on-KAH-loh-jist) A surgeon who specializes in operating on tumors found inside the chest.
thoracodynia(THOH-ray-koh-DIN-ee-uh) Chest pain. Also called thoracalgia.
thoracoscope(thoh-RAY-koh-skope) A thin tube-like instrument used to examine the inside of the chest.
thoracoscopy(THOR-uh-KOS-koh-pee) Examination of the inside of the chest, using a thoracoscope.
thoracotomy(THOR-uh-KAH-toh-mee) An operation to open the chest.
throat (throte)The hollow tube inside the neck that starts behind the nose and ends at the top of the trachea (windpipe) and esophagus (the tube that goes to the…
throat cancer(throte KAN-ser) Cancer that forms in tissues of the pharynx (the hollow tube inside the neck that starts behind the nose and ends at the top of the…
thrombectomy(throm-BEK-toh-mee) Surgery to remove a thrombus (blood clot) from a blood vessel.
thrombocyte(THROM-boh-site) A type of blood cell that helps prevent bleeding by causing blood clots to form. Also called platelet.
Thrombocytopenia(THROM-boh-sy-toh-PEE-nee-uh) A decrease in the number of platelets in the blood that may result in easy bruising and excessive bleeding from wounds or…
thrombohemorrhagic eventA process that involves either a blood clot or bleeding, such as a heart attack or stroke.
thrombolysis(throm-BOL-ih-sis) The process of breaking up a thrombus (blood clot) that is blocking blood flow.
thrombophlebitis(throm-bo-fleh-BY-tis) Inflammation of a vein that occurs when a blood clot forms.
Thrombopoietin(THROM-boh-POY-eh-tin) A substance made by the body that helps make blood cells, especially platelets.
thrombosis(throm-BOH-sis) The formation or presence of a thrombus (blood clot) inside a blood vessel.
thrombus(THROM-bus) A blood clot that forms on the wall of a blood vessel or in the heart when blood platelets, proteins, and cells stick together.
thrushA condition in which Candida albicans, a type of yeast, grows out of control in moist skin areas of the body.
thymic carcinoma(THY-mik KAR-sih-NOH-muh) A rare type of thymus gland cancer. It usually spreads, has a high risk of recurrence, and has a poor survival rate.
thymidineA chemical compound found in DNA. Also used as treatment for mucositis.
thymidylate synthase(THY-mih-DIL-ayt SIN-thays) A protein involved in making and repairing DNA (molecules inside cells that carry genetic information and pass it on from…
thymidylate synthase inhibitorA drug that blocks DNA synthesis and may prevent tumor cell growth. It is being studied as a treatment for cancer.
Thymitaq(THY-mih-tak) A substance that is being studied in the treatment of liver cancer. It belongs to the family of drugs called thymidylate synthase inhibitors.
thymomaA tumor of the thymus, an organ that is part of the lymphatic system and is located in the chest, behind the breastbone.
ThymusAn organ that is part of the lymphatic system, in which T lymphocytes grow and multiply. The thymus is in the chest behind the breastbone.
ThyrogenA form of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) that is made in the laboratory. It is used to test for remaining or recurring cancer cells in patients who…
thyroglobulin(THY-roh-GLOB-yoo-lin) The form that thyroid hormone takes when stored in the cells of the thyroid.
thyroid(THY-royd) A gland located beneath the voice box (larynx) that makes thyroid hormone and calcitonin. The thyroid helps regulate growth and metabolism.
thyroid cancer(THY-royd KAN-ser) Cancer that forms in the thyroid gland (an organ at the base of the throat that makes hormones that help control heart rate, blood…
thyroid follicular cell(THY-royd fuh-LIH-kyoo-ler sel) A type of cell in the thyroid. Thyroid follicular cells make thyroid hormone.
thyroid gland(THY-royd...) A gland located beneath the voice box (larynx) that produces thyroid hormone. The thyroid helps regulate growth and metabolism.
thyroid hormone(THY-royd HOR-mone) A hormone that affects heart rate, blood pressure, body temperature, and weight.
thyroid hormone treatment(THY-royd HOR-mone ...) Treatment with thyroid hormone, which is a hormone that affects heart rate, blood pressure, body temperature, and weight.
thyroidectomy(THY-roy-DEK-toh-mee) Surgery to remove part or all of the thyroid.
thyroiditis(thy-roy-DY-tis) Inflammation of the thyroid gland. Thyroiditis may be an autoimmune disease that affects the thyroid gland over time, causing…
thyroidologist(THY-roy-DOL-oh-jist) A medical doctor who specializes in thyroid diseases.
thyrotropin alfaA form of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) that is made in the laboratory. It is used to test for remaining or recurring cancer cells in patients who…
thyroxin(thy-ROK-sin) A hormone that is made by the thyroid gland and contains iodine. Thyroxin increases the rate of chemical reactions in cells and helps…
thyroxine(thy-ROK-seen) A hormone that is made by the thyroid gland and contains iodine.
tiacumicin B(ty-a-KYOO-my-sin ...) A substance being studied in the treatment of diarrhea caused by infection with Clostridium difficile (a type of bacteria that can…
tiazofurinAn anticancer drug being studied to stop cell growth.
tibia(TIH-bee-uh) The larger of two bones between the knee and ankle. Also called shinbone.
ticilimumab(tis-ih-LIM-yoo-mab) A monoclonal antibody being studied in the treatment of melanoma and some other types of cancer.
time to progressionA measure of time after a disease is diagnosed (or treated) until the disease starts to get worse.
tin ethyl etiopurpurinAn anticancer drug that is also used in cancer prevention. It belongs to the family of drugs called photosensitizing agents. Also called SnET2.
tin Sn 117m DTPAA radioactive chemical being studied to treat bone pain associated with cancer.
tinidazoleA drug used to treat protozoal infections, such as amebiasis, giardiasis, and trichomoniasis. It belongs to a family of drugs called antiprotozoal agents.
Tinnitus(tih-NY-tus) A disorder in which a person hears noises such as buzzing, ringing, clicking, or the sound of a pulse, when no outside sound is causing them.
tinzaparin(tin-ZA-puh-rin) A drug that is used with another drug, warfarin, to treat blood clots that form deep in the veins and to prevent new blood clots from…
tinzaparin sodium(tin-ZA-puh-rin SOH-dee-um) A drug that is used with another drug, warfarin, to treat blood clots that form deep in the veins and to prevent new blood…
tipifarnib(tip-ee-FAR-nib) A substance that is being studied in the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and other types of cancer.
tirapazamineA drug that makes tumor cells more sensitive to radiation therapy.
Tissue(TISH-oo) A group or layer of cells that work together to perform a specific function.
tissue flap reconstructionA type of breast reconstruction in which a flap of tissue is surgically moved from another area of the body to the chest, and formed into a new breast…
tissue plasminogen activator(TIH-shoo plaz-MIN-oh-jen AK-tih-vay-tur) An enzyme made in the body that helps dissolve blood clots.
TLK286A substance that is being studied in the treatment of cancer. It belongs to the family of drugs called glutathione analogs. Also called Telcyta.
TMA mental technique used to promote relaxation, reduce stress, and improve quality of life. TM is the registered trademark of the Maharishi Foundation Ltd.
TNFA protein made by white blood cells in response to an antigen (substance that causes the immune system to make a specific immune response) or infection.
TNF-bound colloidal gold(... kuh-LOY-dul ...) A substance being studied in the treatment of some types of cancer.
TNFeradeA gene therapy product that is being studied in combination with radiation therapy in the treatment of cancer.
TNMA system for describing stages of cancer. T describes the size of the tumor and whether it has grown into nearby tissues.
TNM staging system(... STAY-jing SIS-tem) A system for describing the extent of cancer in a patient's body.
TNP-470A substance being studied in the treatment of cancer. It may prevent the growth of new blood vessels needed for tumors to grow.
tobacco(tuh-BA-koh) A plant with leaves that have high levels of the addictive chemical nicotine.
tocladesineA substance that has been studied as an anticancer drug. It is an analog of a substance that occurs naturally in the body (cyclic adenosine monophosphate).
Tomography(toh-MAH-gruh-fee) A series of detailed pictures of areas inside the body. The pictures are created by a computer linked to an x-ray machine.
tonga(TON-guh) An herb native to islands in the South Pacific. Substances taken from the root have been used in some cultures to relieve stress, anxiety…
tongue cancerCancer that begins in the tongue. When the cancer begins in the front two-thirds of the tongue, it is considered to be a type of oral cavity cancer; when…
tonsilOne of two small masses of lymphoid tissue on either side of the throat.
topical chemotherapy(TAH-pih-kul KEE-moh-THAYR-uh-pee) Treatment with anticancer drugs in a lotion or cream applied to the skin.
topoisomerase II inhibitor RTA 744(TOH-poh-i-SAH-muh-raze...in-HIH-bih-ter...) A substance being studied in the treatment of adult brain tumors.
topoisomerase inhibitor(TOH-poh-i-SAH-meh-rayz in-HIH-bih-ter) A substance that blocks topoisomerases (enzymes that break and rejoin DNA strands and are needed for cells to…
Toposar(TOH-poh-sar) A drug used to treat testicular and small cell lung cancers. It is also being studied in the treatment of several other types of cancer.
topotecan(toh-poh-TEE-kan) A drug used to treat certain types of ovarian cancer, lung cancer, and cervical cancer. Topotecan is a type of topoisomerase inhibitor.
topotecan hydrochloride(toh-poh-TEE-kan HY-droh-KLOR-ide) A drug used to treat certain types of ovarian cancer, lung cancer, and cervical cancer.
toremifeneAn anticancer drug that belongs to the family of drugs called antiestrogens. Toremifene blocks the effect of the hormone estrogen in the body.
Torisel(TOR-ih-sel) A drug used to treat advanced renal cell carcinoma (a type of kidney cancer).
tositumomab(TAH-sih-TOO-moh-mab) A monoclonal antibody that is used in the treatment of certain types of non-Hodgkin lymphoma.
tositumomab and iodine I 131 tositumomab(TAH-sih-TOO-moh-mab ... I-oh-dine ... TAH-sih-TOO-moh-mab) A combination of monoclonal antibodies used to treat certain types of non-Hodgkin lymphoma.
total androgen blockade(...AN-droh-jen...) Therapy used to eliminate male sex hormones (androgens) in the body. This may be done with surgery, hormonal therapy, or a combination.
total estrogen blockadeTherapy used to eliminate estrogen in the body. This may be done with surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or a combination of these procedures.
total hysterectomy(TOH-tul HIS-teh-REK-toh-mee) Surgery to remove the entire uterus, including the cervix. Also called complete hysterectomy.
total laryngectomy(...LA-rin-JEK-toh-mee) An operation to remove all of the larynx (voice box).
total mastectomy(...ma-STEK-toh-mee) Removal of the breast. Also called simple mastectomy.
total nodal irradiationRadiation therapy to the mantle field, the spleen, the lymph nodes in the upper abdomen, and the lymph nodes in the pelvic area.
total pancreatectomy(...PAN-kree-uh-TEK-toh-mee) Surgery to remove the entire pancreas. Part of the stomach, part of the small intestine, the common bile duct, gallbladder…
total parenteral nutritionA form of nutrition that is delivered into a vein. Total parenteral nutrition does not use the digestive system.
total skin electron beam radiation therapy(...ee-LEK-tron beem RAY-dee-AY-shun THAYR-uh-pee) A type of radiation therapy using electrons that is directed at the entire surface of the body.
total-body irradiationRadiation therapy to the entire body. It is usually followed by bone marrow or peripheral stem cell transplantation.
Totect(TOH-tekt) A drug used to treat the toxic effects of an anticancer drug that leaks from a vein into surrounding tissue and causes tissue damage.
TotipotentHaving to do with cells that are able to develop into any type of cell found in the body.
tourniquet(TOOR-nih-ket) A device, such as a strip of cloth or a band of rubber, that is wrapped tightly around a leg or an arm to prevent the flow of blood to the…
toxemiaDisease caused by the spread of bacteria and their toxins in the bloodstream. Also called blood poisoning and septicemia.
toxic(TOK-sik) Having to do with poison or something harmful to the body. Toxic substances usually cause unwanted side effects.
toxicity(tok-SIH-sih-tee) The extent to which something is poisonous or harmful.
toxicology(TOK-sih-KAH-loh-jee) The study of poisons, including the source, effect, and treatment of poisoning. It is a branch of pharmacology (the study of drugs).
toxin(TOK-sin) A poison produced by certain animals, plants, or bacteria.