Operating System — page 2 of 7

Operating System terms

101. change log The log where the quorum resource stores data. This data is maintained by the clustering software.
102. Child Object An object that resides in another object. A child object implies relation. For example, a file is a child object that resides in a folder, which is the…
103. Claim Your request for the insurance company to pay you an amount under the terms of your policy.
104. claim mapping The act of mapping, removing or filtering, or passing claims between various claim sets.
105. claims-aware application A Microsoft ASP .NET application that performs authorization based on the claims that are present in an Active Directory Federation Services (ADFS)…
106. Classes Component defining object types within Active Directory.
107. classic Administrative template A token-based file used to describe Group Policy setting information.
108. classic Administrative templates A collection of .adm files that provides Group Policy setting information for the items that appear in the Classic Administrative Templates folder in the…
109. clear key The key that is stored unencrypted on the disk volume. This key is used to freely access the volume master key, and in turn, the full volume encryption…
110. client account partner discovery Web page The Web page that is used to interact with a user to determine which account partner the user belongs to when Active Directory Federation Services (ADFS)…
111. client authentication certificate In AD FS, a certificate that federation server proxies use to authenticate a client to the Federation Service.
112. client logoff Web page When Active Directory Federation Services (ADFS) performs a logoff operation, a Web page that is executed to provide visual feedback to the user that the…
113. client logon Web page When AD FS collects client credentials, a Web page that is executed to perform the user interaction.
114. cluster Clusters are fixed length blocks of bytes that store data for Microsoft operating systems.
115. cluster log A trace log of Cluster service events and activities on a node.
116. Cluster service The essential software component that controls all aspects of server cluster or failover cluster operation and manages the cluster configuration database.
117. cluster storage Storage where one or more attached disks hold data used either by server applications running on the cluster or by applications for managing the cluster.
118. cluster-aware application An application that can run on a cluster node and that can be managed as a cluster resource.
119. cluster-unaware application An application that can run on a cluster node and be managed as a cluster resource but that does not support the Cluster API.
120. Cluster.exe A command-line utility that is used as an alternative to Failover Cluster Management to administer clusters from the command prompt.
121. clustered instance A group of resources in a failover cluster that are handled as a unit of failover.
122. command-line program A program that runs from the command line.
123. command-line tool A program that runs from the command line.
124. compliant computer A computer that meets the NAP health requirements of a network. Only NAP-enabled computers can be compliant.
125. Computers A directory object such as a University owned CPU that an OU administrator supports.
126. Configuration partition (in Active Directory) The configuration directory partition holds information about an entire Active Directory forest, including replication scheduling and site-related…
127. Configuration partition (in ADAM) The configuration directory partition holds information about ADAM replication scheduling and replica sets, information that defines the other partitions…
128. Configuration set A set of AD LDS instances that share and replicate their configuration and schema partitions and can also be configured to share and replicate application…
129. consent prompt A dialog box that appears when a user is requested to confirm whether an administrative process should be permitted to start.
130. Container In the Exchange Administrator program, an object that contains other objects. For example, the Recipients container is composed of recipient objects.
131. contiguous namespace A domain namespace in which all computers use the Active Directory domain name as their primary Domain Name System (DNS) suffix.
132. credential prompt A dialog box that appears when a user is requested to confirm whether an administrative process should be permitted to start.
133. Cryptographic Algorithm A mathematical function used for encryption and decryption. Most cryptographic algorithms are based on a substitution cipher, a transposition cipher, or a…
134. csvde A command-line tool for importing and exporting directory contents, such as schema definitions and directory objects, that are stored as comma-separated…
135. Customer Experience Improvement Program A Microsoft program that invites customers to provide Microsoft with more detailed information about how the software is used including the type and…
136. data collector An object that defines what data will be collected from a provider (such as a counter provider or event provider).
137. data collector set A group of data collectors stored as a single object.
138. Database layer An architectural layer of Active Directory that isolates the upper layers of the directory service from the underlying database system by exposing…
139. decrypt To convert encrypted content back into its original form.
140. deferred enforcement A stage of deployment that allows a noncompliant computer full access to the network until a date and time after which network access becomes restricted.
141. delegation An assignment of administrative responsibility to a user, computer, group, or organization. [Exchange 2003]
142. desktop session A period of time when one user is logged on to a computer. When a user logs on to a computer, the session is created.
143. destination computer The computer that will be distributed to customers on which you install Windows.
144. device driver Software that enables hardware or devices (such as a printer, mouse, or keyboard) to work with your computer.
145. diffusion The spontaneous movement of molecules from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration.
146. Digest Access Protocol (DAP) A lightweight authentication protocol for parties involved in communications that are based on Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) or Simple Authentication…
147. digital signature The electronic equivalent of a handwritten signature, a digital signature is a unique block of text that verifies a user's identity and is appended to a…
148. Directory A simulated file folder or container used to organize files and directories in a hierarchical or tree-like structure.
149. Directory partition A contiguous sub-tree of the directory that forms a unit of replication. A given replica is always a replica of some directory partition.
150. Directory Service Both the directory information source and the service that makes the information available and usable.
151. Directory Services Markup Language (DSML) An open, extensible, standards-based format for publishing directory service schemas and exchanging directory contents.
152. Directory Services Restore Mode A special safe mode boot option for Windows Server domain controllers that allows you to repair or restore the Active Directory™ service database.
153. Directory-enabled application An application that reads, writes, or modifies data that is stored in a directory service.
154. disjoint namespace A domain namespace in which at least some of the computers do not use the Active Directory domain name as their primary Domain Name System (DNS) suffix.
155. Distinguished Name Tag (DNT) An integer column that is maintained by the Extensible Storage Engine (ESE). Domain controllers use DNTs when they create objects, either locally or…
156. DNS domain naming service
157. Domain A sub-network of servers and computers within a LAN. Domain information is useful when restoring backup tapes, particularly of email.
158. domain controller In an Active Directory forest, a server that contains a writable copy of the Active Directory database, participates in Active Directory replication, and…
159. Domain Controllers Active Directory core service providers, DCs in the same domain share the same information.
160. Domain Name System (DNS) (DNS) Hierarchical distributed database used for name/address translation and client-server rendezvous.
161. Domain Naming Master The master service that controls and authorizes domain naming within the forest.
162. Domain Naming System Domain naming system defines the boundaries of the forest.
163. Domain Specific Contents Every object that is defined solely within the scope of a particular domain.
164. Domain Tree In DNS, the inverted hierarchical tree structure that is used to index domain names.
165. drive sanitation The forced recovery of a BitLocker-protected volume through the removal of all the key binary large objects (BLOBs) that could have decrypted the disk.
166. driver A driver is a computer program that controls various devices such as the keyboard, mouse, monitor, etc.
167. DSML See definition for: Directory Services Markup Language (DSML)
168. EFI A type of interface between a computer, firmware, hardware, and the operating system. EFI defines a new partition style called GUID partition table (GPT).
169. EFS Electronic Filing System (for patent applications) supports secure electronic filing of Patent application documents via the Internet
170. elevated privilege A privilege to access system resources and objects outside of the standard access control checks.
171. elevation prompt A dialog box that appears when a user is requested to confirm whether an administrative process should be permitted to start.
172. encrypt To programmatically disguise content to hide its substance.
173. Encrypting File System A Microsoft file-based encryption technology that enables users to encrypt files and folders on NTFS volumes.
174. ESE See definition for: Extensible Storage Engine (ESE)
175. exemption certificate An X.509 certificate that serves to exempt computers from NAP health checks. Server computers can use exemption certificates to participate in…
176. Explain text Text that provides customers with information about the behavior of a Group Policy setting.
177. extended partition A type of partition that you can create only on basic master boot record (MBR) disks.
178. Extensible Firmware Interface A type of interface between a computer, firmware, hardware, and the operating system. EFI defines a new partition style called GUID partition table (GPT).
179. Extensible Storage Engine (ESE) The Active Directory database engine. ESE (Esent.dll) is an improved version of the Jet database that is used in Microsoft Exchange Server versions 4.
180. external key A file that contains information to access cryptographically locked data, which is stored away from the system, such as on a USB flash drive.
181. external key file A file that contains the external key and is stored on an external media device.
182. failback In a failover cluster or server cluster, the process of returning a clustered service or application to its preferred node after the node has failed and…
183. failback policy A set of parameters that an administrator can set for a failover cluster or server cluster that affect failback operations.
184. failed A state that applies to a resource or a node in a failover cluster or server cluster.
185. failover A cluster's ability to redirect requests from one server to another. Failover occurs when a user tries to access an application on an unavailable server…
186. failover cluster A group of computers, known as nodes, or terminal servers working together as a single system to ensure that mission-critical applications and resources…
187. Failover Cluster Management snap-in A Microsoft Management Console snap-in (graphical user interface) through which you can configure a failover cluster and its nodes, its clustered services…
188. Feature A large, complex artifact, or part of a site, such as a hearth, cairn, housepit, rock alignment, or activity area.
189. federated application A Web-based application that is AD FS-enabled, meaning that it can be accessed by federated users.
190. federated user A user whose account resides in an account partner organization and who can access federated applications that reside in a resource partner organization.
191. federation A pair of realms or domains that have established a federation trust.
192. federation server A computer that has been configured to host the Federation Service component of Active Directory Federation Services (AD FS).
193. federation server proxy A computer that has been configured to host the Federation Service Proxy component of Active Directory Federation Services (AD FS).
194. Federation Service An installable role service of Active Directory Federation Services (AD FS) that is used to create a federation server.
195. Federation Service Proxy An installable role service of Active Directory Federation Services (AD FS) that is used to create a federation server proxy.
196. File and Registry Virtualization A feature that allows standard users to run applications that normally write to per-computer files and registry keys.
197. file/registry virtualization A feature that allows standard users to run applications that normally write to per-computer files and registry keys.
198. filtered access token An access token with the least administrative privileges required for the session.
199. filtered group A local security group that is removed from an access token. When User Account Control (UAC) creates the filtered access token, the filtered groups are…
200. Firewall A set of related programs that protect the resources of a private network from users from other networks.