Telecommunications — page 38 of 85

Telecommunications terms

3701. impulse noise Noise consisting of random occurrences of energy spikes having random amplitude and spectral content.
3702. impulse response Of a device, the mathematical function that describes the output waveform that results when the input is excited by a unit impulse. 2.
3703. IN Inch.
3704. in call A UPT (Universal Personal Telecommunications) call type which permits a UPT user to have calls to his/her UPT number routed to the terminal specified by…
3705. in call delivery A feature by which incoming calls are presented at the terminal address registered previously by in-call registration.
3706. In Service A code or block for which local routing information has been input to the LERG Routing Guide and the carrier has begun to activate and assign numbers…
3707. in-band Using or involving the information digit time slots of a DS1 frame; i.e., bit assignments of a frame exclusive of the framing bit.
3708. in-band control Control effected by sending control information over the same channel as the one used to send data.
3709. in-band noise power ratio For multichannel equipment, the ratio of (a) the mean noise power measured in any channel, with all channels loaded with white noise, to (b) the mean…
3710. in-band signaling Signaling that uses frequencies or time slots within the bandwidth or data stream occupied by the information channel.
3711. in-call registration A feature that enables the UPT (Universal Personal Telecommunications service) user to register from the current terminal address for incoming calls to be…
3712. in-slot signaling Signaling performed in the associated channel time slot.
3713. inactive signaling link A signaling link that has been deactivated and cannot therefore carry signaling traffic. [T1.110-1987]
3714. INC Industry Numbering Committee, a standing committee of the Alliance for Telecommunications Industry Solutions (ATIS) that provides an open forum to address…
3715. Incident A violation or imminent threat of violation of computer security policies, acceptable use policies, or standard computer security practices.
3716. incidental-radiation device A device that radiates radio frequency energy during the course of its operation although the device is not intentionally designed to generate radio…
3717. inclination of an orbit (of an Earth satellite) The angle determined by the plane containing the orbit and the plane of the Earth's equator. [NTIA] [RR]
3718. inclined orbit Any nonequatorial orbit of a satellite. Note: Inclined orbits may be circular or elliptical, synchronous or asynchronous, and direct or retrograde.
3719. inclusion A foreign object present within, for example, an optical fiber or a crystal.
3720. incoherent In optics, characterized by a degree of coherence significantly less than 0.88.
3721. incoming access The ability of a user to terminate data calls via an ISDN. [T1.615-1992]
3722. incoming call identification (ICI) A switching system feature that allows an attendant to identify visually the type of service or trunk group associated with a call directed to the…
3723. Incomparable left
3724. incorrect block A block successfully delivered to the intended destination user, but having one or more incorrect bits, additions, or deletions, in the delivered block.
3725. incremental compaction Data compaction accomplished by specifying only the initial value and all subsequent changes.
3726. incremental phase modulation (IPM) In spread-spectrum systems, phase modulation in which one binary code sequence is shifted with respect to another, usually to conduct a synchronizing…
3727. indefinite call sign A call sign that represents a group of facilities, commands, authorities, activities, or units rather than one of these. 2.
3728. independent clocks In communication network timing subsystems, free-running precision clocks used, for synchronization purposes, at the nodes.
3729. independent security domains Two security domains are independent if and only if: - they are administered by different administrations, and - no dependency relationship exists between…
3730. independent-sideband (ISB) transmission Double-sideband transmission in which the information carried by each sideband is different. Note: The carrier may be suppressed.
3731. index dip In an optical fiber, an undesired decrease in the refractive index at the center of the core.
3732. index of cooperation In facsimile, the product of the total line length and the number of lines per unit length, divided by . 2.
3733. index of refraction Synonym refractive index.
3734. Index profile The configuration file that defines the schema for a searchable index. This includes fields and properties of the index, similar to an XML schema, but…
3735. index-matching gel Synonym gel.
3736. index-matching material A substance, usually a liquid, cement (adhesive), or gel, which has an index of refraction that closely approximates that of an optical fiber, and is used…
3737. indexing Universal term for Coding and Data Entry.
3738. indirect control In digital data transmission, the use of a clock rate of 2n times the modulation rate, where n is an integer greater than one.
3739. indirect wave A wave, such as a radio wave or sound wave, that arrives at a given point by reflection or scattering from surrounding objects, rather than directly from…
3740. individual line A line that connects a single user to a switching center.
3741. individual reception (in the broadcasting-satellite service) The reception of emissions from a space station in the broadcasting-satellite service by simple domestic installations and in particular those possessing…
3742. inductive coupling The transfer of energy from one circuit to another by virtue of the mutual inductance between the circuits.
3743. industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) applications (of radio frequency energy) Operation of equipment or appliances designed to generate and use locally radio-frequency energy for industrial, scientific, medical, domestic or similar…
3744. industry standard A voluntary, industry-developed document that establishes requirements for products, practices, or operations.
3745. Inference Process of deriving a conclusion from premises; in semantic web it is performed by a reasoner software and is used to extract explicit knowledge from…
3746. infobahn A slang term for The Internet or NII. See National Information Infrastructure.
3747. infobot Synonym droid.
3748. Information Accusatory document, filed by a prosecutor, detailing misdemeanor charges against a party.
3749. Information Assurance Measures that protect and defend information and information systems by ensuring their availability, integrity, authentication, confidentiality, and…
3750. information bit See user information bit.
3751. information digit(s) A single-digit data element in the 7-digit format that is outpulsed by the network to indicate the numbering plan digit (NPD) and CESID (caller's…
3752. information feedback The return of received data to the source, usually for the purpose of checking the accuracy of transmission by comparison with the original data.
3753. information field In data transmission, a field assigned to contain user information. Note: The contents of the information field are not interpreted at the link level.
3754. information flow See Covert Channel [CESG].
3755. information flow control [In COMSEC, a] procedure to ensure that information transfers within an information system (IS) are not made from a higher security level object to an…
3756. information integrity In a frame-relaying network, the condition when all frames relayed by the network satisfy the frame check sequence check. [After T1.606-1990]
3757. information label The item visible at the POSIX.6/D13.1 interface that is used for associating labeling information with object data.
3758. information label floating The operation whereby one information label is combined with another information label.
3759. information label policy The implementation-defined policy that determines to what degree information labels associated with data are automatically adjusted as data flows through…
3760. information origination/termination equipment Equipment used to input into or receive output from the telecommunications network. [47 CFR Pt.36-A]
3761. information processing Synonym data processing.
3762. information processing center (IPC) A facility staffed and equipped for processing and distributing information. Note: An IPC may be geographically distributed.
3763. information provider A "helper" software component that collects or formats resource information, for use in WS MDS by an aggregator source or by a WSRF service when creating…
3764. information rate For a frame relay logical connection, the average number of end user bits transferred per second, in one direction, across a user-network interface as…
3765. Information Security The protection of information and information systems from unauthorized access, use, disclosure, disruption, modification, or destruction in order to…
3766. information source Synonym source user.
3767. information superhighway Synonym National Information Infrastructure.
3768. information system A system which provides input, storage, processing, communications, output, and control functions in relation to information and data.
3769. information systems security (INFOSEC and/or ISS) [The] protection of information systems against unauthorized access to or modification of information, whether in storage, processing or transit, and…
3770. information technology (IT) The branch of technology devoted to (a) the study and application of data and the processing thereof; i.e.
3771. information technology security evaluation criteria (ITSEC) The European ITSEC represent the harmonized evaluation criteria for secure products and systems for use within the European Community (EC).
3772. information technology systems (IT Systems) Synonymous with EIP Systems (qv) [CESG].
3773. information transfer The process of moving messages containing user information from a source to a sink.
3774. information transfer capability The capability associated with the transfer of different types of information through the ISDN.
3775. information transfer interface Establishment of a communication (signaling) path and any required bearer path between the RPT/RT and the radio port.
3776. information transfer mode The operational mode for transferring (transportation and switching) user information through the ISDN.
3777. information transfer rate The transfer of digital information between two access points or reference points.
3778. information-bearer channel A channel capable of transmitting all the information required for communication, such as user data, synchronizing sequences, and control signals.
3779. information-transfer phase In an information-transfer transaction, the phase during which user information blocks are transferred from the source user to a destination user.
3780. information-transfer transaction A coordinated sequence of user and telecommunications system actions that cause information present at a source user to become present at a destination…
3781. INFOSEC Acronym for information systems security.
3782. Infrared (IR) Electromagnetic radiations of wavelength between the longest visible red (7,000 Angstroms or 7 x 10E4 millimeter) and about 1 millimeter.
3783. infrastructure assurance Preemptive or reactive risk-management techniques designed to increase confidence that disruption of a system will be minimized if its critical…
3784. infrastructure protection Preemptive or reactive risk-management techniques designed to prevent disruption of a system after its critical infrastructure is attacked.
3785. inhibiting signal A signal that prevents the occurrence of an event. Note: An inhibiting signal may be used, for example, to disable an AND gate, thus preventing any…
3786. initial alignment A procedure used to qualify a signaling link for carriage of signaling traffic, either for the first time or after failure has occurred. [T1.226-1992]
3787. initial system security policy A preliminary statement of the basic security-relevant facts about a system [CESG].
3788. initial text sequence In cryptography, a 64-bit binary sector that may be attached to the beginning of a message. [After X9.23]
3789. initialization vector In encryption, a nonsecret binary vector used as the initializing input algorithm for the encryption of a plaintext block sequence to increase security by…
3790. initialize Setting the state of a cryptographic logic prior to key generation, encryption, or other operating mode. [INFOSEC-99]
3791. initiating MSC The mobile switching center (MSC) (switch) that obtains routing information (i.e., LRN). [T1.708-1998]
3792. Initiator The entity that initiates an authentication exchange.
3793. initiator access control decision information (initiator ADI) ADI associated with the initiator [10181-3].
3794. initiator access control information (initiator ACI) Access control information relating to the initiator [10181-3].
3795. injection fiber Synonym launching fiber.
3796. injection laser diode (ILD) A laser that uses a forward-biased semiconductor junction as the active medium.
3797. ink vapor recording Recording in which vaporized ink particles are deposited directly upon the record medium.
3798. inline An image on a web page that is displayed directly to the viewer rather than being made available only as a hot link.
3799. Inoperative Is where an individual circuit will not function in service (e.g., open, shorted) or cannot transmit address signaling in either direction
3800. input In a device, process, or channel, a point that accepts data. 2. A state, or a sequence of states, of a point that accepts data. 3.