antenna gain-to-noise-temperature (G/T)In the characterization of antenna performance, a figure of merit, where G is the antenna gain in decibels at the receive frequency, and T is the…
antenna height above average terrainThe antenna height above the average terrain elevations from 3.2 to 16 kilometers (2 to 10 miles) from the antenna for the eight directions spaced evenly…
antenna lobeA three-dimensional section of the radiation pattern of a directional antenna, bounded by one or more cones of nulls or by regions of diminished…
antenna matchingThe process of adjusting impedance so that the input impedance of an antenna equals or approximates the characteristic impedance of its transmission line…
antenna noise temperatureThe temperature of a hypothetical resistor at the input of an ideal noise-free receiver that would generate the same output noise power per unit bandwidth…
anterior(an-TEER-ee-er) In human anatomy, has to do with the front of a structure, or a structure found toward the front of the body.
anterior mediastinotomy(an-TEER-ee-er MEE-dee-A-stih-NAH-toh-mee) A procedure in which a tube is inserted into the chest to view the tissues and organs in the area between the…
anterior mediastinumThe area in the front part of the chest between the lungs. Also called prevascular space.
anterior pelvic exenteration(an-TEER-ee-er PEL-vik ek-ZEN-ter-AY-shun) Surgery to remove the urethra, lower part of the ureters, uterus, cervix, vagina, and bladder.
anterior urethral cancer(an-TEER-ee-er yoo-REE-thrul KAN-ser) A disease in which malignant (cancer) cells are found in the part of the urethra (the tube through which urine…
Anterior visceral endoderm (AVE)Specific tissue structure arising in the early embryo that helps establish the anterior-posterior axis of the organism.
AnthelionA luminous white spot that appears on the parhelic circle at the same altitude as the sun and 180 degrees from it in azimuth.
antherThe upper part of a stamen, containing pollen sacs within which the pollen develops and matures.
anther cultureThe aseptic culture of immature anthers to generate haploid plants from microspores via androgenesis.
anthesisThe period during which anthers bear mature and functional pollen.
anthocyaninA water-soluble blue, purple or red flavonoid pigments found in vacuoles of cells of certain plants.
anthracenedioneAn anticancer drug that belongs to the family of drugs called anticancer antibiotics.
AnthraciteA hard, black, lustrous coal containing a high percentage of fixed carbon and a low percentage of volatile matter. Often referred to as hard coal.
Anthracite (coal)A hard, dense type of coal, that is hard to break, clean to handle, difficult to ignite, and that burns with an intense flame and with the virtual absence…
anthracycline(AN-thruh-SY-klin) A type of antibiotic that comes from certain types of Streptomyces bacteria. Anthracyclines are used to treat many types of cancer.
AnthropogenicReferring to alterations in the environment due to the presence or activities of humans.
Anthropogenic emissionsMade by people or resulting from human activities. Usually used in the context of emissions that are produced as a result of human activities.
AnthropomorphicDescribed or thought of as having human form or human attributes.
AnthropomorphismAscribing human qualities, characteristics, or behavior to inanimate objects, animals, or natural phenomena.
AnthropophilicDescribes mosquitoes that prefer to take blood meals from humans.
Anti-Ballistic Missile (ABM)The term used for Ballistic Missile Defense (BMD) weapons developed to negate the ballistic missile threat in the late 60s and early 70s.
anti-CD19 immunotoxin(⦠IH-myoo-noh-TOK-sin) A monoclonal antibody linked to a toxic substance. It is being studied in the treatment of some types of B-cell cancer.
anti-CD22 immunotoxin(⦠IH-myoo-noh-TOK-sin) A monoclonal antibody linked to a toxic substance. It is being studied in the treatment of some types of B-cell cancer.
anti-CD45 monoclonal antibody(AN-tee ⦠MAH-noh-KLOH-nul AN-tih-BAH-dee) A monoclonal antibody being studied in the treatment of some types of cancer.
anti-CEA antibodyAn antibody against carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), a protein present on certain types of cancer cells.
anti-EpCAM-Pseudomonas-exotoxin fusion protein(...SOO-doh-MOH-nus-EK-soh-TOK-sin FYOO-zhun PROH-teen) A substance being studied in the treatment of certain types of head and neck cancer.
anti-hammeringA type of software or hardware methods that increase the difficulty and cost of a key search attack on a PIN or password.
anti-idiotype antibodyAn antibody, produced by an organism, which specifically binds to the binding site of an antibody developed by that organism against a foreign antigen.
anti-idiotype vaccineA vaccine made of antibodies that see other antibodies as the antigen and bind to it.
anti-IL-6 chimeric monoclonal antibody(...ky-MEER-ik MAH-noh-KLOH-nul AN-tih-BAH-dee) A chimeric (made from human and mouse proteins) monoclonal antibody being studied in the treatment of…
anti-interferencePertaining to equipment, processes, or techniques used to reduce the effect of natural and man-made noise on radio communications.
anti-jamMeasures ensuring that intended transmitted information can be received despite deliberate jamming attempts. [INFOSEC-99]
anti-mesothelin monoclonal antibody MORAb-009(AN-tee-mez-oh-THEE-lin MAH-noh-KLOH-nul AN-tee-BAH-deeâ¦) A monoclonal antibody being studied in the treatment of some types of cancer.
anti-nodeA point in a standing wave at which the amplitude is a maximum.
Anti-phrasingIdentifying word sequences in queries that do not contribute essentially to the query's meaning, such as "Where can I find" or "Where is".
anti-reverseSystem that prevents reels (typically bait casters) from spinning in reverse and causing tangles.
Anti-Seep CollarA projecting collar of steel or concrete built around the outside of a pipe, tunnel, or conduit under or through an embankment dam to lengthen the seep…
Anti-SimulationThe process of introducing random variations to the signature characteristics of an object in order to cause misidentification of the object by the…
anti-spam stampingFunctionality in Exchange Server 2007 that helps the messaging administrator diagnose spam-related problems by applying diagnostic metadata, or "stamps,"…
anti-spoofMeasures taken to prevent an unauthorized person/entity from impersonating an authorized person/entity to gain access to a data system. [DoJ] 2.
anti-terminatorA protein which enables RNA polymerase to ignore certain transcriptional stop or termination signals and thereby produce longer than normal transcripts.
anti-TGF-beta monoclonal antibody GC1008(... MAH-noh-KLOH-nul AN-tee-BAH-dee ...) A monoclonal antibody being studied in the treatment of kidney cancer, melanoma, and pulmonary fibrosis.
anti-VEGFR monoclonal antibody(AN-tee ⦠MAH-noh-KLOH-nul AN-tih-BAH-dee) A monoclonal antibody being studied in the treatment of some types of cancer.
anti-virus programA computer program designed to detect computer-file viruses and possibly to suggest or take corrective action. Synonym vaccine program. [After 2382-pt.8]
Anti-windThe upper or return branch of an along-valley wind system, as confined within a valley, and blowing in a direction opposite to the winds in the lower…
Antiair WarfareAction required to destroy or reduce to an acceptable level the enemy air and missile threat.
antiandrogen(AN-tee-AN-droh-jen) A substance that prevents cells from making or using androgens (hormones that play a role in the formation of male sex…
antiandrogen therapy(AN-tee-AN-droh-jen THAYR-uh-pee) Treatment with drugs used to block production or interfere with the action of male sex hormones.
antiangiogenesis therapy(AN-tee-an-jee-oh-JEN-uh-sis THAIR-uh-pee): Using drugs or other treatments to stop new blood vessels from forming in tumors to try to limit tumor growth.
antiangiogenicHaving to do with reducing the growth of new blood vessels.
antiapoptoticSomething that prevents apoptosis. Apoptosis is a type of cell death in which a series of molecular steps in a cell leads to its death.
antiauxinA chemical that interferes with the auxin response, sometimes by the prevention of auxin transport. Some antiauxins may promote morphogenesis in vitro (e.
antibacterial(AN-tee-bak-TEER-ee-ul) A substance that kills bacteria or stops them from growing and causing disease.
antibiosisThe prevention of growth or development of an organism by a substance or another organism.
AntibioticA drug used to treat infections caused by bacteria and other microorganisms. Atrial Fibrillation: A heart rhythm disorder (arrhythmia) that usually…
Antibiotic resistanceThe ability of a microorganism to produce a protein that disables an antibiotic or prevents transport of the antibiotic into the cell.
antibiotic resistance marker gene(Abbreviation: ARMG). Genes (usually of bacterial origin) used as selection markers in transgenesis, because their presence allows cell survival in the…
antibodies(AN-tee-BAH-deez): Proteins in the body made by the immune system that fight infection and disease.
Antibody(AN-tee-BAH-dee) A type of protein made by plasma cells (a type of white blood cell) in response to an antigen (foreign substance).
Antibody (Immunoglobulin)A protein produced by the white blood cells (leukocytes) to battle foreign substances, such as bacteria, that enter the body.
antibody binding siteThe part of an antibody that binds to the antigenic determinant. See: complementarity-determining regions. Synonym: paratope.
antibody classThe class to which an antibody belongs, depending on the type of heavy chain present.
antibody structureDescribes the molecular architecture of an antibody, which consists of two identical "light" chains and two identical "heavy" chains and has two antigen…
antibody therapy(AN-tee-BAH-dee THAYR-uh-pee) Treatment with an antibody, a substance that can directly kill specific tumor cells or stimulate the immune system to kill…
antibody-mediated immune responseThe synthesis of antibodies by B cells in response to an encounter of the cells of the immune system with a foreign antigen.
anticachexia(AN-tee-ka-KEK-see-a) Describes a drug or effect that works against cachexia (loss of body weight and muscle mass).
anticancer antibioticA type of anticancer drug that blocks cell growth by interfering with DNA, the genetic material in cells.
anticarcinogenic(AN-tee-KAR-sin-o-JEN-ik) Having to do with preventing or delaying the development of cancer.
AnticipationA situation that exists when claimed invention is not novel in view of the prior art.
anticlinalThe orientation of cell wall or plane of cell division perpendicular to the surface. Opposite: periclinal.
AnticlineA fold in rocks that curves upward in a convex way. Upward fold in rock layers that creates an arched or domelike uplift of sedimentary layers.
anticoagulantA drug that helps prevent blood clots from forming. Also called blood thinner.
anticoding strandThe DNA strand used as template for transcription. The resulting mRNA is complementary in sequence to that of the anticoding strand.
AnticodonA nucleotide base triplet in a transfer RNA molecule that pairs with a complementary base triplet, or codon, in a messenger RNA molecule.
anticonvulsant(AN-tee-kon-VUL-sant) A drug or other substance used to prevent or stop seizures or convulsions. Also called antiepileptic.
AnticyclogenesisThe formation or intensification of an anticyclone or high pressure center.
AnticycloneA large-scale circulation of winds around a central region of high atmospheric pressure, clockwise in the Northern Hemisphere, counterclockwise in the…
Anticyclonic circulationAnticyclonic circulation System of air movements (atmospheric circulation) associated with an anticyclone, which is clockwise in the Northern Hemisphere…
Anticyclonic RotationRotation in the opposite sense as the Earth's rotation, i.e., clockwise in the Northern Hemisphere as would be seen from above.
antidiarrheal(AN-tee-dy-uh-REE-ul) A substance used to treat diarrhea (frequent and watery bowel movements).
antiemetic(AN-tee-eh-MEH-tik) A drug that prevents or reduces nausea and vomiting.
antiepileptic(AN-tee-EH-pih-LEP-tik) A drug or other substance used to prevent or stop seizures or convulsions. Also called anticonvulsant.
antiestrogen(AN-tee-ES-truh-jin) A substance that prevents cells from making or using estrogen (a hormone that plays a role in the formation of female sex…
antifolateA substance that blocks the activity of folic acid. Antifolates are used to treat cancer. Also called folate antagonist.
Antifreeze SolutionA fluid, such as methanol or ethylene glycol, added to vehicle engine coolant, or used in solar heating system heat transfer fluids, to protect the…