ExpertGlossary terms starting with C

4,595 terms

  1. Cross-section Slice of the channel and adjacent valley made perpendicular to the assumed flow.
  2. Cross-sectional area Area of a stream, channel or waterway, usually measured perpendicular to the flow.
  3. cross-site group A custom security group that applies to more than one Web site. A cross-site group can be assigned to a site group as if it were a single user.
  4. cross-site link In a satellite communications system, the signal power and control connections between the components of an Earth station.
  5. cross-tile indexing A method used to index features that cross tile boundaries. Features that cross tile boundaries are stored as one or more features in each tile instead of…
  6. Cross-Valley Wind System A thermally driven wind that blows during daytime across the axis of a valley toward the heated sidewall.
  7. crossbar switch A switch that has a plurality of vertical paths, a plurality of horizontal paths, and electromagnetic means, i.e.
  8. Crossed market A market in a particular stock or option is described as crossed when a bid to buy that stock or option is higher than the offer to sell it, or when an…
  9. crossfade 1. In audio programming, recording, or mixing, to combine signals in such a manner that one channel or source fades out as another fades in, while…
  10. Crossing over The exchange of DNA sequences between chromatids of homologous chromosomes during meiosis.
  11. crossing-over unit See: recombination fraction.
  12. crosslink A data link between two satellites.
  13. crossover cable A cable used to interconnect two computers by reversing, or "crossing over," their respective pin contacts.
  14. Crossover Error Rate (CER) See equal error rate (EER).
  15. crosspoint A single element that (a) is in the array of elements that compose a switch and (b) consists of a set of physical or logical contacts that operate…
  16. Crossroader A casino cheat.
  17. crosstalk (XT) 1. Undesired coupling of a signal from one circuit, part of a circuit, or channel, to another. 2.
  18. crosstalk coupling The ratio of the power in a disturbing circuit to the induced power in the disturbed circuit observed at specified points of the circuits under specified…
  19. crosstalk coupling loss Synonym crosstalk coupling.
  20. Croupier The dealer.
  21. crowded art This refers to an area of technology in which there have been a large number of prior inventions.
  22. Crown The base of the stem of cereals and forage species from which tillers or branches arise. In woody plants, the root-stem junction.
  23. Crown Fire A fire where flames travel from tree to tree at the level of the tree's crown or top.
  24. crown gall A tumorous growth at the base of certain plants characteristic of infection by Agrobacterium tumefaciens.
  25. Crowning Movement of a fire from the understory into the crown of a forest canopy.
  26. CRP Abbreviation for catabolite regulator protein. See: catabolite activator protein.
  27. CRS Console Replacement System for NOAA Weather Radio
  28. CRT Cathode Ray Tube.
  29. CRT (Cathode Ray Tube) The picture tube of a computer monitor or television.
  30. CRU Central Reexamination Unit
  31. Crucial winter range The portion of the winter range to which a wildlife species is confined during periods of heaviest snow cover or that portion of the year-long range which…
  32. cruciferous vegetable (KROO-sih-feh-rus VEJ-tuh-bul) A member of the family of vegetables that includes kale, collard greens, broccoli, cauliflower, cabbage, brussels sprouts…
  33. Crude oil A mixture of hydrocarbons that exist in liquid phase in underground reservoirs and remain liquid at atmospheric pressure after passing through surface…
  34. Crude Probability of Death The crude probability of death measures the mortality patterns actually experienced in a cohort of cancer patients on which many possible causes of death…
  35. Crude Rate A crude rate is the ratio of the number of people in which the event of interest happens in a specified time period to the size of the population who may…
  36. Crushed gravel Gravel which has been produced by a machine.
  37. Crushed rock Rock which has been reduced in size by a machine.
  38. Crusher A machine which reduces rocks to smaller and more uniform sizes.
  39. Crustaceans Aquatic animals with hard external skeletons and segmented limbs, belonging to the class Crustacea; include cladocerans, shrimp, crayfish, fairy shrimp…
  40. Crustal spreading center A linear zone in the Earth's crust whose opposite sides are moving away from one another.
  41. CRV See: certificate of reasonable value.
  42. CRWG Computer Resource Working Group.
  43. cry proteins A class of crystalline proteins produced by strains of Bacillus thuringiensis, and engineered into crop plants to give resistance against insect pests.
  44. Cry1A A protein derived from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis that is toxic to some insects when ingested.
  45. cryoablation (KRY-oh-uh-BLAY-shun) A procedure in which tissue is frozen to destroy abnormal cells.
  46. cryobiological preservation The preservation of germplasm resources in a dormant state by storage at ultra-low temperatures, often in liquid nitrogen.
  47. Cryocoolers Cryogenic Coolers.
  48. Cryogenic At very low temperature.
  49. Cryology The science of the physical aspects of snow, ice, hail, and sleet and other forms of water produced by temperatures below Zero degrees Celsius.
  50. cryopreservation The process of cooling and storing cells, tissues, or organs at very low or freezing temperatures to save them for future use.
  51. Cryopreserved embryos Embryos, generally those produced by in vitro fertilization exceeding the number that can be transferred for uterine implantation, that have been frozen.
  52. cryoprotectant Compound preventing cell damage during successive freezing and thawing processes. Cryoprotectants are agents with high water solubility and low toxicity.
  53. Cryosphere One of the interrelated components of the Earth's system, the cryosphere is frozen water in the form of snow, permanently frozen ground (permafrost)…
  54. cryosurgery (KRY-oh-SER-juh-ree) A procedure in which tissue is frozen to destroy abnormal cells.
  55. cryotherapy (KRY-oh-THAYR-uh-pee) Any method that uses cold temperature to treat disease.
  56. Cryptanalysis 1) Operations performed in defeating cryptographic protection without an initial knowledge of the key employed in providing the protection.
  57. cryptanalytical attack Synonym (in cryptography) analytical attack.
  58. cryptic Anything hidden. 1. Structurally heterozygous individuals that are not identifiable as they do not show abnormal meiotic chromosome pairing configurations…
  59. Cryptic malaria A case of malaria where epidemiologic investigations fail to identify an apparent mode of acquisition (this term applies mainly to cases found in…
  60. Cryptix https://www.cryptix.org
  61. CRYPTO A designation or marking which identifies classified operational keying material, and which indicates that this material requires special consideration…
  62. crypto key Deprecated term. See key.
  63. Crypto Officer An operator or process (subject), acting on behalf of the operator, performing cryptographic initialization or management functions.
  64. crypto-alarm [A] circuit or device that detects failures or aberrations in the logic or operation of crypto-equipment.
  65. crypto-algorithm [A] well-defined procedure or sequence of rules or steps, or a series of mathematical equations used to describe cryptographic processes such as…
  66. crypto-ancillary equipment Equipment designed specifically to facilitate efficient or reliable operation of crypto-equipment, without performing cryptographic functions itself.
  67. crypto-equipment See cryptographic equipment.
  68. crypto-ignition key (CIK) [A] device or electronic key used to unlock the secure mode of crypto-equipment. [INFOSEC-99]
  69. Cryptobiotic See Biological soil crusts
  70. cryptochannel A complete system of crypto-communications between two or more holders. The basic unit for naval cryptographic communication.
  71. Cryptogamic soil crusts A soil crust dominated by a community of algae, lichens, or mosses. See also Biological soil crusts
  72. cryptographic 1. [The] art or science concerning the principles, means, and methods for rendering plain information unintelligible, and for restoring encrypted…
  73. Cryptographic Algorithm A mathematical function used for encryption and decryption. Most cryptographic algorithms are based on a substitution cipher, a transposition cipher, or a…
  74. Cryptographic Boundary An explicitly defined continuous perimeter that establishes the physical bounds of a cryptographic module and contains all the hardware, software, and/or…
  75. cryptographic check value Information which is derived by performing a cryptographic transformation (see cryptography) on a data unit [7498-2].
  76. cryptographic component Hardware or firmware embodiment of the cryptographic logic. A cryptographic component may be a modular assembly, a printed wiring assembly, a…
  77. cryptographic equipment (crypto-equipment) Any device that embodies cryptographic logic or performs one or more cryptographic functions (e.g., key generation, encryption, and authentication).
  78. cryptographic hash A mathematical function that maps values from a large (or even very large) domain into a smaller range, and is (a) one-way in that it is computationally…
  79. Cryptographic Hash Function A function that maps a bit string of arbitrary length to a fixed length bit string.
  80. cryptographic information All information significantly descriptive of cryptographic techniques and processes or of cryptographic systems and equipment, or their functions and…
  81. cryptographic initialization [A] function used to set the state of a cryptographic logic prior to key generation, encryption, or other operating mode. [INFOSEC-99]
  82. Cryptographic Key A value used to control cryptographic operations, such as decryption, encryption, signature generation or signature verification.
  83. cryptographic key synchronization The ability for two nodes, that have cryptographically processed a transaction, to determine the identical transaction key. [After X9.24]
  84. cryptographic logic The embodiment of one (or more) crypto-algorithm(s) along with alarms, checks, and other processes essential to effective and secure performance of the…
  85. Cryptographic Module The set of hardware, software, firmware, or some combination thereof that implements cryptographic logic or processes, including cryptographic algorithms…
  86. Cryptographic Module Security Policy A precise specification of the security rules under which a cryptographic module will operate, including the rules derived from the requirements of this…
  87. Cryptographic Module Validation Program (CMVP) Validates cryptographic modules to Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS) 140-2 and other cryptography based standards.
  88. cryptographic randomization [A] function that randomly determines the transmit state of a cryptographic logic. [INFOSEC-99]
  89. Cryptographic Strength A measure of the expected number of operations required to defeat a cryptographic mechanism.
  90. cryptographic synchronization See cryptographic key synchronization.
  91. Cryptographic System The documents, devices, equipment, and associated techniques that are used as a unit to provide a single means of encryption (enciphering or encoding).
  92. Cryptographic Token A token where the secret is a cryptographic key.
  93. Cryptography Technique to scramble data to preserve confidentiality or authenticity.
  94. cryptologic Of or pertaining to cryptology. [JP 1-02]
  95. Cryptology The science that deals with hidden, disguised, or encrypted communications. It includes communications security and communications intelligence.
  96. cryptomaterial All material including documents, devices, equipment, and apparatus essential to the encryption, decryption, or authentication of telecommunications.
  97. cryptonet Stations holding a common key. [INFOSEC-99] Note: Activities that hold key for other than use, such as cryptologistic depots, are not cryptonet members…
  98. Cryptoperiod Time span during which each key setting remains in effect.
  99. cryptorchidism (kript-OR-kid-izm) A condition in which one or both testicles fail to move from the abdomen, where they develop before birth, into the scrotum.
  100. cryptosecurity See communications security.