ExpertGlossary terms starting with C

4,595 terms

  1. Cyber or Cyberspace Slang for information shared on the internet. See 'Internet'
  2. cyber security See information security.
  3. Cyber warfare Using computers and the Internet to attack others via their computer systems. Targets may include military computer networks, power grids, banks, and…
  4. Cyber warriors Military specialists, law enforcement officials, computer forensics experts and civil engineers who defend national and economic security assets.
  5. cybercommunity 1. The aggregate of participants in the use of a portion of cyberspace. 2. A special-interest group (SIG) of cyberspace participants.
  6. cybermall An electronic site shared by a number of commercial interests, and at which users can browse, shop, and place orders for the products listed at that site.
  7. cybernaut 1. One who uses the Internet. 2. Synonym Web surfer.
  8. Cybernetics A term derived from the Greek word for "steersman" that was introduced in 1947 to describe the science of control and communication in animals and…
  9. Cybersecurity Measures taken to protect computers or critical infrastructure, although some experts suggest that it is about protecting everything of value.
  10. Cyberspace An environment in which digitized information is distributed on networks of computers.
  11. Cybersquatting Registering domains related to other trademarks or brands in an attempt to cash in on the value created by said trademark or brand.
  12. cybrid A hybrid, originating from the fusion of a cytoplast (the cytoplasm without nucleus) with a whole cell derived from a different species.
  13. CYC Cyclone- A large-scale circulation of winds around a central region of low atmospheric pressure, counterclockwise in the Northern Hemisphere, clockwise in…
  14. CYC116 A substance being studied in the treatment of some types of cancer. It blocks certain enzymes involved in cell division and may kill cancer cells.
  15. Cycle In alternating current, the current goes from zero potential or voltage to a maximum in one direction, back to zero, and then to a maximum potential or…
  16. CYCLGN Cyclogenesis - The formation or intensification of a cyclone or low-pressure storm system.
  17. cyclic adenosine monophosphate (Abbreviations: cyclic AMP, cAMP). A "messenger" molecule that regulates many intracellular reactions by transducing signals from extracellular growth…
  18. cyclic AMP Abbreviation for cyclic adenosine monophosphate.
  19. Cyclic AMP (cyclic adenosine monophosphate) A second messenger that regulates many intracellular reactions by transducing signals from extracellular growth factors to cellular metabolic pathways.
  20. cyclic distortion In telegraphy, distortion that (a) is periodic and (b) is not characteristic, not biased, and not fortuitous.
  21. cyclic redundancy check (CRC) An error-checking technique that helps ensure accurate transmission of digital data in a network.
  22. Cyclic Storm A thunderstorm that undergoes cycles of intensification and weakening (pulses) while maintaining its individuality.
  23. Cyclical Redundancy Check (CRC) A method to ensure data has not been altered after being sent through a communication channel.
  24. Cyclical stock Cyclical stocks tend to rise in value during an upturn in the economy and fall during a downturn.
  25. Cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk protein) Protein kinase that has to be complexed with a cyclin protein in order to act; different Cdk-cyclin complexes are thought to trigger different steps in…
  26. Cycling Powerplant operation to meet the intermediated portion of the load (9 to 14 hours per day).
  27. Cycling Losses The loss of heat as the water circulates through a water heater tank and inlet and outlet pipes.
  28. cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor (SY-kloh-OK-sih-jeh-NASE in-HIH-bih-ter) COX inhibitor. A type of drug that is used to treat inflammation and pain, and is being studied in the prevention…
  29. cyclo-oxygenase-2 inhibitor (SY-kloh-OK-sih-jeh-NASE in-HIH-bih-ter) A nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug used to relieve pain and inflammation.
  30. cyclodextrin Cyclic oligomer of glucose.
  31. Cyclogenesis (Abbrev. CYCLGN) - The formation or intensification of a cyclone or low-pressure storm system.
  32. cycloheximide A molecule that inhibits protein synthesis in eukaryotes, but not in prokaryotes.
  33. Cyclolysis Cyclolysis Process of weakening or terminating of a cyclonic circulation in the atmosphere; the opposite of cyclogenesis.
  34. Cyclone (abbrev. CYC) - A large-scale circulation of winds around a central region of low atmospheric pressure, counterclockwise in the Northern Hemisphere…
  35. Cyclone Burner A furnace/combustion chamber in which finely ground fuel is blown in spirals in the combustion chamber to maximize combustion efficiency.
  36. Cyclone movement Cyclone movement The spatial displacement of a center of low pressure caused by the local redistribution of mass in the atmosphere.
  37. Cyclone separator A device used to remove particulate matter suspended in exhaust gases.
  38. Cyclonic Circulation Circulation (or rotation) which is in the same sense as the Earth's rotation, i.e.
  39. cyclooxygenase-2 (SY-kloh-OK-sih-jeh-NAYZ …) An enzyme that speeds up the formation of substances that cause inflammation and pain.
  40. Cyclopean dam A gravity dam in which the mass masonry consists primarily of large one-man or derrick stone embedded in concrete.
  41. cyclophosphamide An anticancer drug that belongs to the family of drugs called alkylating agents.
  42. cyclosporine A drug used to help reduce the risk of rejection of organ and bone marrow transplants by the body.
  43. Cylinder The set of tracks on both sides of each platter in the hard drive that is located at the same head position.
  44. Cylinder gate A gate that resembles a large barrel, reinforced to withstand external pressure, with no top or bottom.
  45. Cylinder head Made of aluminum, it is bolted to the top of each side of the engine block. Cylinder heads hold the valves and spark plugs.
  46. Cymbalta (sim-BAL-tuh) A drug used to treat depression and peripheral neuropathy (pain, numbness, tingling, burning, or weakness in the hands or feet) that can…
  47. cyproheptadine (si-pro-HEP-ta-deen) A drug that is used to treat asthma, allergies, and colds, and to relieve itching caused by certain skin disorders.
  48. cyproterone acetate A synthetic hormone being studied for treatment of hot flashes in men with prostate cancer who have had both testicles removed by surgery.
  49. Cyst (sist) a sac or capsule in the body. It may be filled with fluid or other material.
  50. cyst (sist) A sac or capsule in the body. It may be filled with fluid or other material.
  51. cystectomy (sis-TEK-toh-mee) Surgery to remove all or part of the bladder (the organ that holds urine) or to remove a cyst (a sac or capsule in the body).
  52. cystic fibrosis A common hereditary disease in which exocrine (secretory) glands produce abnormally thick mucus.
  53. cystoprostatectomy (SIS-toh-pros-tuh-TEK-toh-mee) Surgery to remove the bladder (the organ that holds urine) and the prostate.
  54. cystosarcoma phyllodes (SIS-toh-sar-KOH-muh fih-LOH-deez) A type of tumor found in breast or prostate tissue. It is often large and bulky and grows quickly.
  55. cystoscope (SISS-toh-SKOPE) A thin, tube-like instrument used to look inside the bladder and urethra.
  56. cystoscopy (siss-TOSS-koh-pee) Examination of the bladder and urethra using a cystoscope, inserted into the urethra.
  57. cystourethrectomy (SIS-toh-yoo-ree-THREK-toh-mee) Surgery to remove the bladder (the organ that holds urine) and urethra (the tube through which urine leaves the body).
  58. cytarabine (sy-TAYR-uh-been) A drug used to treat certain types of leukemia and prevent the spread of leukemia to the meninges (three thin layers of tissue that…
  59. cytarabine liposome (sy-TAYR-uh-been LY-poh-SOME) A form of the anticancer drug cytarabine that is contained inside very tiny, fat-like particles.
  60. cytidine The (ribo)nucleoside resulting from the combination of the base cytosine (C) and the sugar D-ribose.
  61. cytidine triphosphate (cytidine 5'-triphosphate) See: CTP (1).
  62. cytidylic acid Synonym for cytidine monophosphate (abbreviation: CMP), a (ribo)nucleotide containing the nucleoside cytidine.
  63. cytochlor (SY-toh-klor) A substance being studied in the treatment of cancer. It is a type of radiosensitizer.
  64. cytochrome A class of pigments in plant and animal cells, usually in the mitochondria. They function as electron carriers in respiration.
  65. cytochrome p450 A highly diversified set (more than 1500 known sequences) of heme-containing protein s.
  66. cytochrome P450 enzyme system (SY-tuh-krome ... EN-zym SIS-tem) A group of enzymes involved in drug metabolism and found in high levels in the liver.
  67. cytogenetic map The visual appearance of a chromosome when stained and examined under a microscope.
  68. Cytogenetics (SY-toh-jeh-NEH-tix) The study of chromosomes and chromosomal abnormalities.
  69. cytokine (SY-toh-kine) A substance that is made by cells of the immune system. Some cytokines can boost the immune response and others can suppress it.
  70. Cytokines A generic term for a large variety of regulatory proteins produced and secreted by cells and used to communicate with other cells.
  71. cytokinesis Cytoplasmic division and other changes exclusive of nuclear division that are a part of mitosis or meiosis.
  72. cytokinin Plant growth regulators characterized as substances that induce cell division and cell differentiation.
  73. Cytological band An area of the chromosome that stains differently from areas around it. See also: cytological map
  74. Cytological map A type of chromosome map whereby genes are located on the basis of cytological findings obtained with the aid of chromosome mutations.
  75. cytology (sy-TAH-loh-jee) The study of cells using a microscope.
  76. cytolysis Cell disintegration.
  77. cytomegalovirus (SY-tuh-meh-guh-loh-VY-rus) A virus that may be carried in an inactive state for life by healthy individuals.
  78. Cytomel (SY-toh-mel) A drug that is used to treat certain thyroid (a gland located near the voice box) conditions.
  79. cytopenia (SY-toh-PEE-nee-uh) A reduction in the number of blood cells.
  80. Cytoplasm (SY-toh-PLA-zum) The fluid inside a cell but outside the cell's nucleus. Most chemical reactions in a cell take place in the cytoplasm.
  81. Cytoplasmic (uniparental) inheritance See: cytoplasmic trait
  82. cytoplasmic genes Genes located on DNA outside the nucleus, i.e. on plastids.
  83. cytoplasmic inheritance Hereditary transmission dependent on cytoplasmic genes.
  84. cytoplasmic male sterility Genetic defect due to faulty functioning of mitochondria in pollen development, preventing the formation of viable pollen.
  85. cytoplasmic organelles Discrete sub-cellular structures located in the cytoplasm of cells - mitochondria, plastids and lysosomes.
  86. Cytoplasmic trait A genetic characteristic in which the genes are found outside the nucleus, in chloroplasts or mitochondria.
  87. cytosine (Abbreviation: C). One the bases found in DNA and RNA. See: cytidine.
  88. Cytosine (C) A nitrogenous base, one member of the base pair GC (guanine and cytosine) in DNA. See also: base pair, nucleotide
  89. cytosol The fluid portion of the cytoplasm, i.e. the cytoplasm minus its organelles.
  90. cytotoxic (SY-toh-TOK-sik) Cell-killing.
  91. cytotoxic chemotherapy (SY-toh-TOK-sik KEE-moh-THAYR-uh-pee) Anticancer drugs that kill cells, especially cancer cells.
  92. cytotoxic T cell (SY-toh-TOK-sik ... sel) A type of white blood cell that can directly destroy specific cells.
  93. cytotoxicity Poisoning of the cell.
  94. cytotype A maternally inherited cellular condition in Drosophila that regulates the activity of transposable P elements.
  95. Czochralski Process A method of growing large size, high quality semiconductor crystal by slowly lifting a seed crystal from a molten bath of the material under careful…