ExpertGlossary terms starting with D

2,757 terms

  1. DOS Disk Operating System ( TelComm /Computer term).
  2. DoS (denial of service attack) An attempt by a malicious (or unwitting) user, process, or system to prevent legitimate users from accessing a resource (usually a network service) by…
  3. DOS attributes Access classifications associated with all DOS files. Typical attributes are read only, archive, hidden, and system.
  4. dosage compensation A regulatory mechanism for sex-linked genes, to allow equivalent levels of gene expression from (in mammals) XY or XX genotypes, even though the gene copy…
  5. Dosage Form A dosage form is the physical form in which a drug is produced and dispensed, such as a tablet, a capsule, or an injectable.
  6. dose The amount of medicine taken, or radiation given, at one time.
  7. dose assessment The process by which uptake and dose of a toxic substance are identified and quantified.
  8. dose equivalent An absorbed dose that is adjusted or weighted to account for the potential of different radiations with the same damage.
  9. dose-dense chemotherapy (DOSE-dents KEE-moh-THAYR-uh-pee) A chemotherapy treatment plan in which drugs are given with less time between treatments than in a standard chemotherapy…
  10. dose-dependent Refers to the effects of treatment with a drug. If the effects change when the dose of the drug is changed, the effects are said to be dose-dependent.
  11. dose-limiting Describes side effects of a drug or other treatment that are serious enough to prevent an increase in dose or level of that treatment.
  12. dose-rate The strength of a treatment given over a period of time.
  13. dosimetrist (do-SIM-uh-trist) A person who determines the proper radiation dose for treatment.
  14. dosimetry (doh-SIH-muh-tree) Measurement of radiation exposure from x-rays, gamma rays, or other types of radiation used in the treatment or detection of diseases…
  15. DOT Damage over time
  16. dot address Synonym IP address.
  17. Dot Pitch Distance of one pixel in a CRT to the next pixel on the vertical plane. The smaller the number, the higher quality display.
  18. DOT&E Director, Operational Test & Evaluation.
  19. DOTH Defense of the Homeland.
  20. dotted decimal notation The notation used to represent the four byte values of an IP address. Each byte is represented as a value between 0 and 255, for instance 129.12.0.1.
  21. Double Up System of Betting - A betting system whereby bets are doubled after a loss in hopes of recouping the previous loss.
  22. Double bottom Double bottom is term that technical analysts use to describe a stock price pattern that, when depicted on a chart, shows two drops to the same dollar…
  23. double buffering A graphics technique used to smooth animation. The next version of an image is drawn `behind the scenes' and then displayed in its entirety when the…
  24. double crossing-over The formation of two chiasmata within a chromosome arm, leading to the generation of a double recombinant gamete with respect to genes located within the…
  25. Double curvature arch dam An arch dam which is curved in plan and elevation, with undercutting of the heel and in most instances, a downstream overhang near the crest.
  26. Double deck Blackjack played out of two decks which are shuffled together. (As opposed to single deck, four deck, six deck, eight deck, etc.)
  27. Double deflation Technique for estimating real value added by industry in the gross domestic product (GDP)-by-industry accounts.
  28. Double double A room with two double beds.
  29. Double Down To double the initial bet and take one and exactly one more card. Usually doubling down is only allowed after the first two cards are dealt.
  30. Double Down (Doubling Down) Double your initial bet following the initial two-card deal, but you can hit one card only.
  31. Double Dynamite Roulette System A combination of Big Number play and sector slicing for short-range play.
  32. Double exposure A blackjack variant where both of the dealer's cards are played face up. Usually players lose all pushes and blackjack pays even money in this variant.
  33. double fertilization A process, unique to flowering plants, in which two male nuclei, which have travelled down the pollen tube, separately fuse with different female nuclei…
  34. Double helix Describes the coiling of the antiparallel strands of the DNA molecule, resembling a spiral staircase in which the paired bases form the steps and the…
  35. Double hung A type of window with two sash, each sliding on a vertical track.
  36. Double Indemnity (See Accidental Death Benefit.)
  37. Double jeopardy Putting a person on trial more than once for the same crime. It is forbidden by the Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution.
  38. double length key A cryptographic key having a length of 112 bits plus 16 parity bits. [After X9.24]
  39. Double Lockage When a towboat with barges must breakup the tow, and push half of the tow into the lock chamber, lock that part through and then enter the remaining…
  40. double modulation Modulation in which (a) a subcarrier is modulated with an information-bearing signal and (b) the resulting modulated subcarrier is then used to modulate…
  41. Double Opt-In A user has subscribed for a newsletter or other email marketing messages by explicitly requesting it and confirming the email address to be her own.
  42. double patenting An inventive entity cannot obtain claims in two patents directed either to the same invention or to an obvious variation of the same invention.
  43. Double Patenting Rejection A rejection of a patent claim on the grounds that it is an improper attempt to obtain more than one patent on the same invention or on an obvious variant…
  44. double precision Refers to a high level of coordinate accuracy based on the possible number of significant digits that can be stored for each coordinate.
  45. double recessive An organism homozygous for a recessive allele at each of two loci.
  46. double refraction Synonym birefringence.
  47. double resolution still image A still image transmitted in the standardized video stream encoded to twice the horizontal and twice the vertical resolution as the previous motion video…
  48. Double top Double top is term that technical analysts use to describe a stock price pattern that, when depicted on a chart, shows two gains to the same dollar level…
  49. Double Wall Heat Exchanger A heat exchanger in a solar water heating system that has two distinct walls between the heat transfer fluid and the domestic water, to ensure that there…
  50. Double zero or 00 is only present in American Roulette
  51. double-blinded A clinical trial in which neither the medical staff nor the person knows which of several possible therapies the person is receiving.
  52. Double-contrast barium enema A procedure in which x-rays of the colon and rectum are taken after a liquid containing barium is put into the rectum.
  53. double-current transmission Synonym polar direct-current telegraph transmission.
  54. double-ended control Synonym double-ended synchronization.
  55. double-ended queue (dequeue) A queue in which the contents may be changed by adding or removing items at either end.
  56. double-ended synchronization For two connected exchanges in a communications network, a synchronization control scheme in which the phase error signals used to control the clock at…
  57. double-frequency shift keying (DFSK) Frequency-shift keying in which two telegraph signals are multiplexed and transmitted simultaneously by frequency shifting among four frequencies.
  58. Double-occupancy rate The price per person for a room to be shared with another person; the rate most frequently quoted in tour brochures.
  59. Double-Pane or Glazed Window A type of window having two layers (panes or glazing) of glass separated by an air space.
  60. Double-room rate The full price of a room for two people (twice the double-occupancy rate.)
  61. double-sideband (DSB) transmission AM transmission in which both sidebands and the carrier are transmitted.
  62. double-sideband reduced carrier (DSB-RC) transmission Transmission in which (a) the frequencies produced by amplitude modulation are symmetrically spaced above and below the carrier and (b) the carrier level…
  63. double-sideband suppressed-carrier (DSB-SC) transmission Transmission in which (a) frequencies produced by amplitude modulation are symmetrically spaced above and below the carrier frequency and (b) the carrier…
  64. double-stranded complementary DNA (Abbreviation: dscDNA ). A double-stranded DNA molecule created from a cDNA template.
  65. Double-stranded complementary DNA (dscDNA) A duplex DNA molecule copied from a cDNA template.
  66. double-stranded DNA (Abbreviation: dsDNA ). Two complementary strands of DNA annealed in the form of a double helix. Synonym: duplex DNA.
  67. DoublePatenting An improper attempt to obtain more than one patent on the same invention or on an obvious variant of the same invention. MPEP 804, MPEP 804.01, MPEP 804.
  68. doubling time (DUH-bling...) In biology, the amount of time it takes for one cell to divide or for a group of cells (such as a tumor) to double in size.
  69. doubly clad fiber A single-mode fiber that has two claddings. Note 1: Each cladding has a refractive index that is lower than that of the core.
  70. douche (DOOSH) A procedure in which water or a medicated solution is used to clean the vagina and cervix.
  71. doughball A ball of bait made from bread or specially prepared dough used for bait-fishing. Commonly used for carp.
  72. Douzaine French term for the Dozen Bet.
  73. Dow Jones 65 Composite Average This composite of three Dow Jones averages tracks the stock performance of 65 companies in two major market sectors and the benchmark DJIA.
  74. Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA) The Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA), sometimes referred to as the Dow, is the best-known and most widely followed market indicator in the world.
  75. Dow Jones Transportation Average The Dow Jones Transportation Average tracks the performance of the stocks of 20 airlines, railroads, and trucking companies.
  76. Dow Jones Utility Average The Dow Jones Utility Average tracks the performance of the stocks of 15 gas, electric, and power companies, and is one of the components of the Dow Jones…
  77. Dow Jones Wilshire 5000 Index The Dow Jones Wilshire 5000 is a market capitalization weighted index of approximately 7,000 stocks.
  78. Dow theory Dow theory maintains that major market trends depend on how the Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA) and the Dow Jones Transportation Average behave.
  79. Down Card this is a face down card.
  80. Down Payment A down payment is the amount, usually stated as a percentage, of the total cost of a property that you pay in cash as part of a real estate transaction.
  81. down promoter mutation A mutation that decreases the frequency of initiation of transcription. This leads to a fall in the level of mRNA compared to the wild type state.
  82. Down Select To reduce the number of contractors working on a program by eliminating one or more for the next phase.
  83. Down syndrome (...SIN-drome) A disorder caused by the presence of an extra chromosome 21 and characterized by mental retardation and distinguishing physical features.
  84. down-converter A device for performing frequency translation in such a manner that the output frequencies are lower in the spectrum than the input frequencies.
  85. Down-dropped basin See Graben
  86. down-regulate To induce genetically a reduction in the level of a gene's expression.
  87. Down-Valley Wind A thermally driven wind directed down a valley's axis, usually occurring during nighttime; part of the along-valley wind system.
  88. Downbound Traffic that moves in a downstream direction. For waterways without a characteristic monodirectional flow, “downbound” means in a southerly or…
  89. Downburst A strong downdraft current of air from a cumulonimbus cloud, often associated with intense thunderstorms.
  90. downcast A cast towards an object's dynamic type - that is, `down' the inheritance hierarchy.
  91. Downdraft (Abbrev. DWNDFT) - A small-scale column of air that rapidly sinks toward the ground, usually accompanied by precipitation as in a shower or thunderstorm.
  92. Downdraft gasifier A gasifier in which the product gases pass through a combustion zone at the bottom of the gasifier.
  93. Downforce The air pressure on the race car that causes it to hold the track of pushes it down on the track giving the car better traction.
  94. Downgrade 1. Change the security class of an object to one which does not dominate the original [CESG]. 2.
  95. downlake, downriver, downshore, and downstream, downcurrent All terms referring to directions.
  96. downlink 1. A data link from a satellite or other spacecraft to a terrestrial terminal. 2. A data link from an airborne platform to a ground-based terminal.
  97. download To transfer a copy of a file residing on a remote computer to a user's computer.
  98. Download Message Allows you to save a copy of an email message to your own computer which will be stored as a distinct text file.
  99. Downrigger A fishing device used on boats that allows a troller to fish a lure at a constant specific depth.
  100. Downslope Flow A thermally driven wind directed down a mountain slope and usually occurring at night; part of the along-slope wind system.