ExpertGlossary terms starting with S

4,972 terms

  1. SAIP Semi-Automated Imagery Processing.
  2. SAKT System Architecture and Key Tradeoffs (SDIO term).
  3. SAL Strategic Arms Limitation.
  4. salary Compensation received by an employee for services performed. A salary is a fixed sum paid for a specific period of time worked, such as weekly or monthly.
  5. Salary reduction plan A salary reduction plan is a type of employer-sponsored retirement savings plan. Typical examples are 401(k)s, 403(b)s, 457s, and SIMPLE IRAs.
  6. Sale Leaseback In a sale-leaseback arrangement - also known as a leaseback - an owner sells his or her property, and then immediately leases it back from the buyer as…
  7. Sales charge In the case of mutual funds, these are commissions charged to purchasers of fund units, usually based on the purchase or redemption price.
  8. sales finance company A sales finance company is any person or entity that engages in Connecticut in the business, in whole or in part, of acquiring retail instalment contracts…
  9. Sales of services through foreign affiliates of multinational companies Services sold in international markets through the channel of direct investment. From the U.S.
  10. Sales tax A sales tax is a tax imposed by state and local governments on transactions that occur within their jurisdictions.
  11. Saline A solution of salt and water.
  12. saline resistance Synonym for salt tolerance.
  13. Saline sodic land Soil that contains soluble salts in amounts that impair plant growth but not an excess of exchangeable sodium.
  14. Saline water Water that contains more than 1,000 milligrams per liter of dissolved solids.
  15. Salinity A measure of the amount of salt and other mineral substances dissolved in water.
  16. Salinity (SAL) In oceanography, conductivity is measured and converted to salinity by a known functional relationship between the measured electrical conductivity of…
  17. saliva (suh-LIE-vuh) The watery fluid in the mouth made by the salivary glands. Saliva moistens food to help digestion and it helps protect the mouth against…
  18. Salivary gland (SA-lih-VAYR-ee gland) A gland in the mouth that produces saliva.
  19. salivary gland cancer (SA-lih-VAYR-ee gland KAN-ser) A rare cancer that forms in tissues of a salivary gland (gland in the mouth that makes saliva).
  20. Sallie Mae This corporation purchases student loans from various lenders, such as banks, and packages the loans as bonds or short-term or medium-term notes.
  21. salmon eggs A type of egg bait typically used for trout fishing.
  22. Salmonella A genus of rod-shaped, gram-negative bacteria that are a common cause of food poisoning.
  23. Salmonids Family of fish that includes salmon and steelhead.
  24. Salomon Brothers Broad Investment-Grade (BIG) Bond Index The BIG Index is a market-capitalization weighted index which includes fixed-rate Treasury, government sponsored, corporate (Baa3/BBB- or better), and…
  25. salpingo-oophorectomy (sal-PIN-goh-oh-oh-foh-REK-toh-mee) Surgical removal of the fallopian tubes and ovaries.
  26. SALT Strategic Arms Limitation Talks.
  27. Salt flat Low-lying ground where salts collect in the soil because of the evaporation of standing water.
  28. Salt Gradient Solar Ponds Consist of three main layers. The top layer is near ambient and has low salt content.
  29. salt tolerance The ability of a plant in soil or in culture to withstand a concentration of common salt (sodium chloride) which is damaging or lethal to most other…
  30. Saltation The movement of sand or fine sediment by short jumps above a streambed under the influence of a water current too weak to keep it permanently suspended in…
  31. Salton, Gerard Scientist who pioneered the information retrieval field. See also: A Theory of Indexing - 1975 book by Gerard Salton
  32. Salvage Fusing The means by which a warhead detonates when an interceptor structurally attacks it. Generally used as a device for disruption of the defense.
  33. Salvage logging The harvest of dead, dying, damaged or weak trees after a forest fire to prevent the spread of disease or insects and to reduce the risk of high intensity…
  34. Salvage Therapy (SAL-vij THAYR-uh-pee) Treatment that is given after the cancer has not responded to other treatments.
  35. SAM Surface-to-Air Missile.
  36. SAM-D Surface to-Air Missile, Model D (now PATRIOT).
  37. samarium 153 (suh-MAYR-ee-um ...) A radioactive substance used in the treatment of bone cancer and bone metastases (cancers that have spread from the original tumor to…
  38. samarium Sm 153 lexidronam pentasodium (suh-MAYR-ee-um…LEK-sih-DROH-nam PEN-tuh-SOH-dee-um) A drug used to treat pain caused by bone cancer and other cancers that have spread to the…
  39. SAMD Security Assistance Management Division.
  40. SAME (Specific Area Message Encoding) - A tone alert system which allows NOAA Weather Radio receivers equipped with the SAME feature to sound an alert for only…
  41. Sametime Contacts The IBM® Lotus® Notes® instant messaging feature.
  42. SAMEX Storm and Mesoscale Ensemble Experiment
  43. SAMM Software Acquisition Maturity Matrix.
  44. SAMMES Space Active Modular Materials Experiment.
  45. SAMOPA Single Accelerator Master Oscillator-Power Amplifier.
  46. SAMOS Satellite and Missile Observation System.
  47. SAMP (1) Single Acquisition Management Plan. (2) Security Accreditation Management Plan.
  48. SAMP/T Sol-Air Moyenne Portee /Terre (Surface-Air Medium Portable/Terrestrial French- Italian missile). 255
  49. Sample ballot A ballot created for distribution to voters who request one in order to view what offices and propositions are on the ballot in an upcoming election.
  50. Sample error Random variation reflecting the inherent variability within a population being counted.
  51. sample key Key intended for off-the-air demonstration use only. [INFOSEC-99]
  52. sample records Copies of a representative group of records provided by the creator or a custodian to NARA to support the review of a proposed disposition agreement, an…
  53. sampled data Data in which the information content exists only for instantaneous values measured or determined at or for discrete intervals.
  54. sampling The process of digitizing analog information to identify relevant information.
  55. sampling frequency The rate at which sensor data is read or sampled.
  56. sampling interval The reciprocal of the sampling rate, i.e., the interval between corresponding points on two successive sampling pulses of the sampling signal.
  57. sampling period A defined duration of time, such as one minute, over which CloudWatch computes a statistic.
  58. Sampling Rate The frequency at which analog signals are converted to digital values during digitization. The higher the rate, the more accurate the process.
  59. sampling theorem Synonym Nyquist's theorem.
  60. SAMS Spacecraft Assembly, Maintenance and Servicing Study.
  61. SAMTEC OBSOLETE. Space and Missile Systems Test Center, Vandenberg AFB, CA.
  62. SAMTO OBSOLETE. Space and Missile Test Organization, Vandenberg AFB, CA.
  63. SAN Storage Area Network
  64. SAN (Storage Area Network) A high-speed subnetwork of shared storage devices. A storage device is a machine that contains nothing but a disc or discs for storing data.
  65. San Juan worms A type of wet fly designed to look like a small aquatic worm that was popularized on the San Juan River in New Mexico, but is also used at Lees Ferry, the…
  66. Sanae mentis Of a sound mind; sane.
  67. Sand A rock or mineral fragment of any composition that has a diameter ranging from 0.5 to 2.0 mm. Sand has a gritty feel.
  68. Sand backfill Material which has a particle size which varies from a No. 4 sieve to a No. 200 sieve and is used for refilling an excavation.
  69. Sand boil A sand boil is sand and water that come out onto the ground surface during an earthquake as a result of liquefaction at shallow depth.
  70. Sand dune An elongated mound (hill or ridge) of sand accumulated and sorted by the action of wind or water.
  71. Sand dune obligate species Plant or animal species found only in sand dune habitats.
  72. Sandbox A network or series of networks that are not connected to other networks.
  73. Sandboxing A method of isolating application modules into distinct fault domains enforced by software.
  74. Sandstone Sedimentary rock composed of sand-sized grains (usually quartz) cemented together.
  75. Sandstorm Particles of sand carried aloft by strong wind. The sand particles are mostly confined to the lowest ten feet, and rarely rise more than fifty feet above…
  76. Sanger sequencing A widely used method of determining the order of bases in DNA. See also: sequencing, shotgun sequencing
  77. Sanitary waste Nonhazardous, nonradioactive liquid and solid waste generated by normal housekeeping activities.
  78. Sanitary wastewater Wastewater (includes toilet, sink, shower, and kitchen flows) generated by normal housekeeping activities.
  79. Sanitization Process to remove information from media such that information recovery is not possible. It includes removing all labels, markings, and activity logs.
  80. sanitize [In INFOSEC, the] process to remove information from media such that data recovery is not possible.
  81. sanitizing Of a recording medium, erasing or overwriting all data in such a manner that it cannot be recovered, even by extraordinary, e.g., laboratory, means.
  82. Sans recours Without recourse.
  83. Santa Ana Wind In southern California, a weather condition in which strong, hot, dust-bearing winds descend to the Pacific Coast around Los Angeles from inland desert…
  84. SAO Security Assistance Organization.
  85. SAP Fluid content of the xylem and phloem cells of plants. Fluid content of the vacuole generally referred to as cell sap.
  86. saponin A substance found in soybeans and many other plants. Saponins may help lower cholesterol and may have anticancer effects.
  87. saprophyte An organism (generally a fungus) that depends on dead plant or animal tissue for its source of nutrition and metabolic energy.
  88. saquinavir mesylate A drug that belongs to the family of drugs called protease inhibitors. It interferes with the ability of a virus to make copies of itself.
  89. SAR (1) Synthetic Aperture Radar. (2) Selected Acquisition Report. (3) Special Access Required. (4) Search and Rescue.
  90. SARA Title III Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986 known as the Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act of 1986.
  91. Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 Named after its main Congressional sponsors, Senator Paul Sarbanes and Representative Michael Oxley, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 introduced new…
  92. sarCNU A substance that is being studied in the treatment of cancer. It belongs to the family of drugs called alkylating agents.
  93. sarcoid An inflammatory disease marked by the formation of granulomas (small nodules of immune cells) in the lungs, lymph nodes, and other organs.
  94. sarcoidosis An inflammatory disease marked by the formation of granulomas (small nodules of immune cells) in the lungs, lymph nodes, and other organs.
  95. sarcoma A cancer of the bone, cartilage, fat, muscle, blood vessels, or other connective or supportive tissue.
  96. sarcomatoid carcinoma (sar-KOH-muh-toyd kar-sih-NOH-muh) A type of cancer that begins in the skin or in tissues that line or cover internal organs and that contains long…
  97. sarcosinamide nitrosourea A substance that is being studied in the treatment of cancer. It belongs to the family of drugs called alkylating agents. Also called sarCNU.
  98. SARDA [Assistant] Secretary of the Army for Research, Development and Acquisition.
  99. sargramostim A substance that helps make more white blood cells, especially granulocytes, macrophages, and cells that become platelets.
  100. SAS (1) Shoot-Assess-Shoot. (2) System Architecture Study (SDI).