Intellectual Property — page 5 of 9

Intellectual Property terms

401. Intellectual Property Creations of the mind - creative works or ideas embodied in a form that can be shared or can enable others to recreate, emulate, or manufacture them.
402. intent to use ITU - refers to the intent-to-use filing basis provided for in Trademark Act Section 1(b), 15 U.S.C. 1051(b).
403. inter partes reexamination -- see reexamination proceeding Inter partes reexamination practice primarily differs from ex parte practice in that the third party requestor may file…
404. interference a proceeding, conducted before the Board of Patent Appeals and Interferences (Board), to determine priority of invention between a pending application and…
405. international application an application filed under the Patent Cooperation Treaty.
406. Intervening Rights A defense to an allegation of infringement. Intervening rights exist when a patent is later reissued with broader claims because of inadvertent errors in…
407. Invalid Ineffective or void under the law. A patent can be invalided if it was issued in error.
408. invalidation showing that an invention is not deserving of patent protection by providing evidence that it is not new, not useful, or is obvious.
409. invention any art or process (way of doing or making things), machine, manufacture, design, or composition of matter, or any new and useful improvement thereof, or…
410. Invention Disclosure From a legal standpoint, a description of an invention that would enable a person skilled in the art to which the invention pertains to build and use the…
411. Invention, Abandoned See Abandonment of Invention.
412. Inventive Entity The inventor(s). MPEP 2173.01, MPEP 804.03.
413. inventor one who contributes to the conception of an invention. The patent law of the United States of America requires that the applicant in a patent application…
414. Inventor, Joint A person who collaborates with another inventor in the conception of an invention. MPEP 605.07, MPEP 2137.01.
415. Inventorship The condition of being an inventor under the law. MPEP 2137.01.
416. IP Within the peritoneal cavity (the area that contains the abdominal organs). Also called intraperitoneal.
417. IPA Internet Purchasing Application
418. IPEA International Preliminary Examining Authority - either a national Office or an intergovernmental organization whose tasks include the establishment of…
419. IPER International Preliminary Examination Report (Form PCT/IPEA/409), produced by an International Preliminary Examining Authority, is a preliminary and…
420. IPO Intellectual Property Owners Association
421. IPR Intellectual Property Rights
422. ipr hygiene Intellectual Property Rights Hygiene is the process of ensuring that all sponsors of research that results in intellectual property protection and…
423. IRB A group of scientists, doctors, clergy, and consumers that reviews and approves the action plan for every clinical trial.
424. ISA Industry Standard Architecture.
425. ISR International Search Report (Form PCT/ISA/210), produced by an International Searching Authority, is a report listing citations of published documents…
426. Issue When a corporation offers a stock or bond for sale, or a government offers a bond, the security is known as an issue, and the company or government is the…
427. issue date the date that a patent application becomes a US patent. The issue date is the date that patent rights can be exercised. U.S.
428. Issue Fee The fee paid by an applicant a patent office prior to the granting of a patent. MPEP 1306.
429. IT information technology
430. ITU Intent to Use -- see MORE INFO
431. J2EE Java 2 Enterprise Edition
432. JCCT Joint Commission on Commerce and Trade
433. Jepson Claim A claim that contains in its preamble subject matter that is in the prior art. MPEP 2137.01.
434. Joint Application an application in which the invention is presented as that of two or more persons -- see MPEP 201.02 and MPEP 605.07 for more; also joint inventor
435. Joint Invention An invention conceived by more than one person. See Inventor, Joint.
436. joint inventor an inventor who is named with at least one other inventor in a patent application, wherein each inventor contributes to the conception of the invention…
437. jpg .jpg file type extension or JPEG - "Joint Photographic Experts Group" - is one of several digital image formats that are viewable in web browsers.
438. JPO Japan Patent Office
439. JPTOS Journal of the Patent and Trademark Office Society
440. kind codes WIPO Standard ST. 16 codes (kind codes) include a letter, and in many cases a number, used to distinguish the kind of patent document (e.g.
441. Knowledge-based Expert System A computer program that uses knowledge and inference procedures for solving a problem that is sufficiently difficult to require a significant amount of…
442. Knowledgebase An organized repository of knowledge about a particular subject. For example, a set of U.S. patentability rules is a knowledgebase.
443. Kokai An unexamined Japanese patent application.
444. Kokoku An examined and allowed Japanese patent application.
445. KSA knowledge, skills and abilities (job qualifications)
446. Lapse Date The date when a patent is no longer enforceable in a jurisdiction due to a failure to pay renewal (maintenance) fees.
447. lawyer -- see attorney
448. letters patent -- see patent
449. Level of Ordinary Skill The level of skill in the art(s) to which an invention pertains that is used in judging whether a disclosure or claim is enabling. MPEP 2141.03.
450. License a contract in which the owner of the patent grants another person or company permission to make, use, or sell the patented invention.
451. licensee The entity which is granted rights to intellectual property by the owner of that property.
452. licensor The owner of intellectual property which grants rights to another (the licensee) through a license.
453. LIE Legal Instruments Examiner - a position classification for USPTO employees charged with docketing cases and other administrative processing that support…
454. life of a patent 20 years from the date of filing.
455. likelihood of confusion a statutory basis (Trademark Act Section 2(d), 15 U.S.C. Section 1052(d), TMEP §1207 et seq.
456. Limitation Language in a claim that constrains the breath of a claim.
457. Literal Infringement See Infringed Literally.
458. long-felt need This means a problem facing a particular technical area that has gone unsolved for a prolonged period.
459. lost profits This is a measure of damages and is generally keyed to the profits that could have been the patentee's, but were lost to the infringer.
460. Machine A device, a product, a physical thing. Under U.S. law, one of the statutory classes of inventions.MPEP 2105, MPEP 2106, MPEP 2114.
461. Madrid Protocol The "Protocol Relating to the Madrid Agreement Concerning the International Registration of Marks" (Madrid Protocol) is an international treaty that…
462. maintenance The patent fees due at 4, 8 and 12 years needed to keep a U. S. utility or plant patent in force for its full life.
463. Maintenance Fee See Fee, Maintenance.
464. maintenance fees fees for maintaining in force a patent based on an application filed on or after December 12, 1980 --see MPEP 2500 for more
465. Manual of Patent Examining Procedure (MPEP) A document that contains a description of the practices and procedures of the USPTO.
466. Manufacture One of the classes of patentable subject matter under U.S. law. MPEP 2105.
467. Mark -- see trademark
468. Markush Claim See Claim, Markush.
469. Markush doctrine When materials recited in a claim are so related as to constitute claiming the members of the claimed group in the alternative, such as "selected from the…
470. Markush Group In a claim, a finite group from which an element is selected. See Claim, Markush.
471. MARS Machine Assisted Reference Section
472. mask work images that are used to create the layers of a semiconductor chip product -- see MPEP Appendix R §150.1 (d) for more
473. materials transfer agreement An agreement that provides the understanding that the materials are made available only for scientific work.
474. Means for Claim A patent claim that recites an element as a means for accomplishing a particular function. MPEP 2181.
475. Means Plus Function Language See Means for Claim.
476. Means-Plus-Function Claim See Means for Claim.
477. mere descriptiveness statutory basis (Trademark Act Section 2(e)(1), 15 U.S.C. Section 1052(e)(1), TMEP 1209 et seq) for refusing registration of trademarks and service marks…
478. metes and bounds The legal description of the exact property which is covered by a patent (the Claims).
479. method the course of action or technique followed in conducting a specific analysis or comparison leading to an analytical result.
480. Misuse Using a patent right inappropriately, for example, for forcing a license to purchase a prodict that is not covered by the claims of the patent.
481. MiTEAS Madrid International Trademark Electronic Application Submission
482. Mode, Best See Best Mode.
483. model See Exhibit.
484. MPEP Manual of Patent Examining Procedure
485. Multiple Dependent Claim a dependent claim which further limits and refers back in the alternative to more than one preceding independent or dependent claim.
486. national stage application an application which has entered the national phase of the Patent Cooperation Treaty by the fulfillment of certain requirements in a national Office…
487. Native American Tribal Insignia insignia that various federally and state recognized Native American tribes have identified as their official tribal insignia -- see Native American…
488. Negative Claim Limitation See Negative Limitation.
489. Negative Limitation A claim limitation that is excusive, e.g., "other than X" "incapable of X", etcetera. MPEP 2173.05(i).
490. New Issue When a stock or bond is offered for sale for the first time, it's considered a new issue.
491. New Matter Matter (information) that is not present in the original specification, claims or drawings that an applicant attempts to add to a patent application.
492. New Use One of the classes of patentable subject matter under U.S. law.
493. NIPLECC National Intellectual Property Law Enforcement Coordination Council
494. NOA Notice of Allowance
495. NOCC Network Operations Control Center
496. non exclusive license A grant under a patent with reservation by the licensor to make a similar grant to others.
497. non obvious In order for a patent to be granted, the claimed invention must be "non obvious" to one of "ordinary skill in the art".
498. Non-Convention Application A patent application filed in a second, or subsequent country which does not claim the priority of another, earlier application in another country.
499. non-final office action an Office action letter that raises new issues and usually is the first phase of the examination process.
500. non-final office action (rejection) an Office action made by the examiner where the applicant is entitled to reply and request reconsideration or further examination, with or without making…