Law — page 28 of 35

Law terms

2701. Reference Standard a sample acquired or prepared that has known properties for the purpose of calibrating equipment and/or for use as a control in experiments
2702. Referral A written order from your primary care doctor for you to see a specialist or get certain medical services.
2703. Refresh Rate The number of times per second a display (such as on a CRT or TV) is updated.
2704. Region (of an image) An area of an image file that is selected for specialized processing. Also called a zone.
2705. Registered mark Trademark with the words "Registered in the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office" or the letter "R" enclosed within a circle.
2706. Registration Lining up a forms image to determine which fields are where. Also, entering pages into a scanner such that they are correctly read.
2707. registration number a registered patent attorney/agent is assigned a registration number that they must include on patent correspondence and forms when representing others…
2708. regular meeting day Senate Rule XXVI requires that all committees designate at least one day a month on which it will meet to transact business.
2709. Rehabilitate To permanently change behavior.
2710. Rehearing Another hearing of a civil or criminal case by the same court in which the case was originally heard.
2711. Reinstatement The process by which a life insurance company puts a policy back in force after it lapsed because of nonpayment of renewal premiums.
2712. Reissue The issue of a patent that was issued previously in order to correct an error in the patent. MPEP 1401, MPEP 1402.
2713. Reissue Application an application for a patent to take the place of an unexpired patent that is defective in one or more particulars (items or details) --see MPEP 201.
2714. Reissue Patent A corrected U.S. patent that issues from an allowed reissue application. MPEP 1401, MPEP 1402, MPEP 1403.
2715. rejection The refusal of a patent Examiner to allow a claim based on specific legal grounds. MPEP 706, MPEP 706.01.
2716. Rejection, Final A rejection of a claim that occurs on the second or any subsequent examination of its patentability.
2717. Rejoinder Opportunity for the plaintiff/petitioner to offer limited response to evidence presented by the defendant/respondent. See rebut.
2718. Relative Path An implied path.
2719. Relevant Directly related to the issue as it tends either to prove or disprove the point.
2720. Reliability The consistency of a measure or question in obtaining very similar or identical results when used repeatedly; for example, if you repeated a blood test…
2721. Remand To send a dispute back to the court where it was originally heard. Usually it is an appellate court that remands a case for proceedings in the trial court…
2722. Remedy Legal or judicial means by which a right or privilege is enforced or the violation of a right or privilege is prevented, redressed, or compensated.
2723. Remittitur The reduction by a judge of the damages awarded by a jury.
2724. Remote Access The ability to access and use digital information from a location off-site from where the information is physically located.
2725. Removal The transfer of a state case to federal court.
2726. Render Images To take a native format electronic file and convert it to an image that appears as the original format file as if printed to paper.
2727. Renewal A form of extending an unpaid loan in which the borrower's remaining unpaid loan balance is carried over (renewed) into a new loan at the beginning of the…
2728. Renewal Fee The periodic fee charge by a patent office for maintaining a patent in force. MPEP 2501, MPEP 2504, MPEP 509.
2729. reorganization A type of bankruptcy filing; the debtor gets to keep most, if not all, of its assets but has to pay all or some specified part of its debts according to a…
2730. Replacement volumes Volumes which replace books and their pocket parts when the pocket parts cause the books to become too bulky.
2731. replevin An action for the recovery of a possession that has been wrongfully taken.
2732. Reply The response by a party to charges raised in a pleading by the other party.
2733. Reply Brief A brief filed to respond to and rebut the arguments and facts raised in the other party’s brief.
2734. Report Formatted output of a system providing specific information.
2735. reporter Makes a record of court proceedings, prepares a transcript, and publishes the court's opinions or decisions.
2736. Reporters Books which contain court decisions.
2737. Reports of examinations and tests During discovery, the defendant is entitled to inspect and copy the results or reports of physical examinations, mental examinations, and scientific tests…
2738. Repository A centralized database stored on a computer that houses specific information.
2739. Repository for Electronic Records Repository for Electronic Records is a direct access device on which the electronic records and associated metadata are stored.
2740. representation of mark a clear depiction of the mark an applicant seeks to register. Every application must include a representation of the mark.
2741. Representative Term used to indicate that a sample is similar to the population from which it was drawn, and therefore can be used to make inferences about that…
2742. REPS Re-examination Processing System
2743. Request (PCT) Form PCT/RO/101, filed with an international application in a receiving Office, which includes an indication of applicant(s) and a designation of one or…
2744. Request for admission Also, Request to Admit. Written statements of facts concerning a case which are submitted to an adverse party and which that party must admit or deny; a…
2745. request for extension of time to file a statement of use Extension Request - a sworn statement signed by the owner or a person authorized to sign on behalf of the owner, stating that the applicant still has a…
2746. Request for production of documents A direction or command served upon another party for production of specified documents for review with respect to a suit; a discovery device.
2747. Request for Reconsideration A written communication to a patent office asking that a decision be reconsidered. MPEP 714.13, MPEP 818.03, MPEP 1214.01, MPEP 1214.03.
2748. request for reexamination A request filed by a patentee or a third party seeking reexamination of one or more claims of a patent based upon an alleged substantial new issue of…
2749. Request to admit See Request for Admission.
2750. request to reinstate an application If an application is abandoned due to a USPTO Office error, an applicant may file a request to reinstate the application, instead of a petition to revive.
2751. Required Level of Redeployment The amount of FTE officers that the grantee must meet or exceed during the course of the grant.
2752. Res A thing; the subject matter.
2753. Res adjudicata Once settled by a judicial decision, the party may not sue again on the same matter.
2754. Res gestae The facts or things done which form the basis for a litigation action.
2755. Res ipsa loquitur The thing speaks for itself.
2756. Res judicata See res adjudicata.
2757. Rescission The cancellation, or “tearing-up,” of a contract. Some consumer loans (home mortgages) feature a 3-day right of rescission during which the borrower…
2758. Research A careful hunting for facts, truth and/or the law about a subject.
2759. Residual Data Data that is not currently live on the computer system, including data found in file slack space, data found on media free space, and data from deleted…
2760. Resolution See DPI.
2761. Respondeat superior Let the principal answer for the acts of the agent.
2762. Respondent 1. The person that must respond to allegations contained in a petition. 2. The person against whom an appeal is taken. See petitioner.
2763. Respondent/Defendant The party (a person, a partnership, or a corporation) against whom the case is brought.
2764. Respondent’s Brief The respondent’s answer to the appellant’s brief, where the respondent argues that the decision of the lower court was correct.
2765. Responsabilidad civil extracontractual Un daño o mal en contra de una persona.
2766. Rest A party is said to "rest" or "rest its case" when it has presented all the evidence it intends to offer.
2767. Restatement A publication which tells what the law is in a particular field, as compiled from statutes and decisions.
2768. Restitution Act of restoring anything to its rightful owner; the act of restoring someone to an economic position he enjoyed before he suffered a loss.
2769. Restore To transfer data from a backup medium (such as tapes) to an on-line system, often for the purpose of recovery from a problem, failure, or disaster.
2770. Restraining order A Restraining order is an order issued by the court requiring the subject of the order to refrain from a certain action.
2771. restriction if two or more independent and distinct inventions are claimed in a single application, the examiner may require the applicant to elect (designate) a…
2772. restriction requirement This occurs when an examiner concludes that a patent application claims two or more independent and distinct inventions.
2773. Resumen escrito Un documento escrito presentado por una de las partes de una acción judicial en el cual se expone los hechos y las leyes pertinentes.
2774. Retainer Act of the client in employing the attorney or counsel, and also denotes the fee which the client pays when he or she retains the attorney to act for them.
2775. retention schedule See Records Retention Schedule.
2776. Retinal Hemorrhage Abnormal bleeding of the blood vessels in the retina, the membrane in the back of the eye.
2777. Return Your return is the profit or loss you have on your investments, including income and change in value.
2778. Reverse An action of a higher court in setting aside or revoking a lower court decision.
2779. Reverse Engineering The process of analyzing a system to identify its intricacies and their interrelationships, and create depictions of the system in another form or at a…
2780. Reversible error A procedural error during a trial or hearing sufficiently harmful to justify reversing the judgment of a lower court.
2781. Review A review is the basis of FDA's decision to approve an application. It is a comprehensive analysis of clinical trial data and other information prepared by…
2782. Revival of Abandoned Application To reinstate a patent application that has been abandoned (relinquished), either by express abandonment or by inaction.
2783. Revocable trust A revocable trust is a living trust that can be modified or revoked by the grantor, or person who establishes the trust and transfers property to it.
2784. Revocation Withdrawing the protections associated with a patent grant.
2785. Revocation of probation or supervised release A probationer who violates one or more conditions of probation runs the risk that the sentence of probation may be revoked.
2786. Revoke To cancel or nullify something.
2787. Rewriteable Technology Storage devices where the data may be written more than once typically hard drives, floppies and optical discs.
2788. RFC822 Standard that specifies a syntax for text messages that are sent among computer users, within the framework of email.
2789. RGB (Red, Green and Blue) The three primary colors in the additive color family which create all the computer color video signals for a computers color terminal.
2790. Riddick's Senate Procedure Named after Senate Parliamentarian Emeritus Floyd M. Riddick, this Senate document contains the contemporary precedents and practices of the Senate.
2791. Rider A written agreement attached to the policy expanding or limiting the benefits otherwise payable under the policy. Same as an "endorsement."
2792. Right of Priority The right to priority of invention established by filing the first patent application in an appropriate patent office. MPEP 201.13, MPEP 201.
2793. Right of way The right of a party to pass over the land of another.
2794. Right to counsel The Sixth Amendment to the Constitution provides that, "the accused shall enjoy the right to ... have the assistance of counsel for his defense."
2795. Rigor mortis Stiffening of the body after death; a time dependent change that helps determine time of death.
2796. RIM Records and information management.
2797. RIP The procedures used to unbundle email collections into individual emails during the e-discovery process while preserving authenticity and ownership.
2798. RLE (Run Length Encoded) Compressed image format; supports only 256 colors; most effective on images with large areas of black or white.
2799. RO Receiving Office - the national Office or the intergovernmental organization with which an international application has been filed.
2800. Robbery Felonious taking of another's property, from his or her person or immediate presence and against his or her will, by means of force or fear. See larceny.