Parallel Computing

Parallel Computing terms

1. 100-continue A method that enables a client to see if a server can accept a request before actually sending it.
2. Abstraction Abstraction involves changing the interface of an object and exposing it in a more useful or appropriate form.
3. access control list (ACL) (ACL) In Windows-based systems, a list of access control entries (ACE) that apply to an entire object, a set of the object's properties, or an individual…
4. access identifiers See credentials.
5. access key rotation A method to increase security by changing the AWS access key ID. This method enables you to retire an old key at your discretion.
6. access policy language A language for writing documents (that is, policies) that specify who can access a particular AWS resource and under what conditions.
7. Account An account consists of an email address and a password, used to log into a mail server to retrieve or send mail.
8. account activity A web page showing your month-to-date AWS usage and costs. The account activity page is located at http://aws.amazon.com/account-activity.
9. Action Case, cause, suit or controversy disputed or contested before a court.
10. Acyclic Digraph Directed Acyclic Graph
11. Adaptive Algorithm An algorithm that can "learn" and change its behavior by comparing the results of its actions with the goals that it is designed to achieve.
12. Adaptive Enterprise A marketing term used extensively by HP. An adaptive enterprise matches supply and demand of IT resources in real time, so the business can quickly manage…
13. administrative suspension Auto Scaling might suspend processes for Auto Scaling group that repeatedly fail to launch instances.
14. affordable Cloud computing services are purchased subscription style, with users paying only for what they use.
15. AFS (Andrew File Systems) The Andrew File System is a mountable networked file system.
16. Aggregator Framework A software framework used to build services that collect and aggregate data. WS MDS Services (such as the Index and Trigger services) are built on the…
17. aggregator services Services that are built on the Aggregator Framework, such as the WS MDS Index Service and Trigger Service.
18. aggregator source A Java class that implements an interface (defined as part of the Aggregator Framework) to collect XML-formatted data.
19. AI (Artificial Intelligence) The capacity of a computer or system to perform tasks commonly associated with the higher intellectual processes characteristic of humans.
20. alarm Alert, Locate, and Report Missiles.
21. Algorithm A detailed formula or set of steps for solving a particular problem. To be an algorithm, a set of rules must be unambiguous and have a clear stopping…
22. allow An allow results from a statement that has effect=allow, assuming any stated conditions are met. Example: Allow requests received before 1:00 p.m.
23. Amazon CloudWatch A web service that enables you to monitor and manage various metrics, and configure alarm actions based on data from those metrics. See Also http://aws.
24. Amazon EBS-backed AMI Instances launched from this type of AMI use an Amazon EBS volume as their root device.
25. Amazon EC2 VM Import Connector See http://aws.amazon.com/ec2/vmimport.
26. Amazon Elastic Block Store (EBS) (EBS) A service that provides block level storage volumes for use with EC2 instances. See Also http://aws.amazon.com/ebs.
27. Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) (EC2) A web service that enables you to launch and manage Linux/UNIX and Windows server instances in Amazon's data centers. See Also http://aws.amazon.com/ec2.
28. Amazon Elastic MapReduce A web service that makes it easy to process large amounts of data efficiently. Amazon EMR uses Hadoop processing combined with several AWS products to do…
29. Amazon Machine Image (AMI) (AMI) An encrypted machine image stored in Amazon Elastic Block Store or Amazon Simple Storage Service. AMIs are like a template of a computer's root drive.
30. Amazon Payments See http://payments.amazon.com.
31. Amazon Relational Database Service (RDS) (RDS) A web service that makes it easier to set up, operate, and scale a relational database in the cloud.
32. Amazon Resource Name (ARN) (ARN) A standardized way to refer to an AWS resource. For example: arn:aws:iam::123456789012:user/division_abc/subdivision_xyz/Bob.
33. Amazon Route 53 A web service you can use to create a new DNS service or to migrate your existing DNS service to the cloud. See Also http //aws.amazon.com/route53.
34. Amazon S3-Backed AMI Instances launched from this type of AMI use the instance store as their root device.
35. Amazon Simple Notification Service (SNS) (SNS) A web service that enables applications, end-users, and devices to instantly send and receive notifications from the cloud. See Also http://aws.amazon.
36. Amazon Simple Queue Service (SQS) (SQS) Reliable and scalable hosted queues for storing messages as they travel between computers. See Also http://aws.amazon.com/sqs.
37. Amazon Simple Storage Service (S3) (S3) Storage for the internet. You can use it to store and retrieve any amount of data at any time, from anywhere on the web. See Also http://aws.amazon.com/s3.
38. Amazon Virtual Private Cloud (VPC) (VPC) A web service that enables you to create a virtual network for your AWS resources. See Also http://aws.amazon.com/vpc.
39. Amazon Web Services (AWS) (AWS) An infrastructure web services platform in the cloud for companies of all sizes. See Also http://aws.amazon.com.
40. AMI (Amazon Machine Image) An AMI is a packaged environment that contains a configured Linux operating system...
41. Ant Apache Open Source Java based build tool.
42. Apache Axis The SOAP engine implementation used within the Globus Toolkit. See the Apache Axis website for details.
43. Apache Commons See http://jakarta.apache.org/commons/ for more details.
44. array An Array is a single server type used for horizontal scaling. It may be a single worker slave task plugged into our Grid system to scale based on the…
45. authentication The process of validating the credentials of a person, computer process, or device.
46. Auto Scaling A web service designed to launch or terminate instances automatically based on user-defined policies, schedules, and health checks. See Also http://aws.
47. Auto Scaling group A representation of multiple Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud instances that share similar characteristics, and that are treated as a logical grouping for the…
48. autoconf GNU Open Source package used to automatically configure the source code package.
49. automake GNU Open Source used to automatically generate Makefile in files.
50. Automation The replacement of manual operations by computerized methods. Automation can both improve efficiency and reduce errors brought on by manual intervention.
51. Autonomic 1. Of, relating to, or controlled by the autonomic nervous system. 2. Acting or occurring involuntarily; automatic: an autonomic reflex.
52. Autonomic Computing An approach to self-managed computing systems with a minimum of human interference.
53. Autonomic Nervous System (AW-toh-NAH-mik NER-vus SIS-tem) The part of the nervous system that controls muscles of internal organs (such as the heart, blood vessels, lungs…
54. Availability Zone A distinct location within a region that is insulated from failures in other Availability Zones, and provides inexpensive, low-latency network…
55. AWS (Amazon Web Services) AWS is short for Amazon Web Services. In addition to selling books and variety of other consumer products, Amazon also offers a variety of web services…
56. AWS CloudFormation A service for writing or changing templates that create and delete related AWS resources together as a unit. See Also http://aws.amazon.com/cloudformation.
57. AWS Consolidated Billing A billing option that lets you get a single bill for multiple AWS accounts. See Also http://aws.amazon.com/consolidated-billing.
58. AWS Identity and Access Management A web service that enables Amazon Web Services customers to manage users and user permissions within AWS. See Also http://aws.amazon.com/iam.
59. AWS Management Console A graphical interface to manage compute, storage, and other cloud resources. See Also http://aws.amazon.com/console.
60. AWS Resources See resource.
61. Axis C++ Open Source SOAP implementation used by C-Hosting. See http://ws.apache.org/axis/cpp for more details.
62. basic monitoring Monitoring of AWS-provided metrics derived at a 5-minute frequency.
63. batch scheduler See the definition for scheduler
64. BLADES BMD Long Wavelength Infrared Advanced Exo -atmospheric Sensor.
65. block A repetition/replication of the Early, Mid and Late Seral Treatment plots and a Control plot. See Repetition/replication.
66. block device A storage device that supports reading and (optionally) writing data in fixed-size blocks, sectors, or clusters.
67. block device mapping A mapping structure for every AMI and instance that specifies the block devices attached to the instance.
68. Bloom filter Compression scheme used by the Replica Location Service (RLS) that is intended to reduce the size of soft state updates between Local Replica Catalogs…
69. bootstrap action A user-specified default or custom action that runs a script or an application on all nodes of a job flow before Hadoop starts.
70. Border Gateway Protocol Autonomous System Number (BGP ASN) (BGP ASN) A unique identifier for a network, for use in BGP routing. Amazon EC2 supports all 2-byte ASN numbers in the range of 1 - 65334, with the exception of…
71. Bouncy Castle Crypto APIs http://www.bouncycastle.org (what is this for?)
72. Breach 1. The breaking or violating of a law, right or duty, either by an act or omission. 2. The failure to carry out any condition of a contract.
73. bucket A part of an excavator which digs, lifts, and carries dirt.
74. bucket owner Just as Amazon is the only owner of the domain name Amazon.com, only one person or organization can own a bucket in Amazon S3.
75. bundling A commonly used term for creating an Amazon Machine Image. It specifically refers to creating Amazon S3-backed AMIs.
76. CA (Certificate Authority) The link that allows a server and client to communicate. A CA vouches for the identity of a server and client by issuing certificates stamped with the…
77. CA Certificate The CA's certificate. This certificate is used to verify signature on certificates issued by the CA.
78. CA Signing Policy The CA signing policy is used to place constraints on the information you trust a given CA to bind to public keys.
79. canned access policy A standard access control policy that you can apply to a bucket or object. Options include: private, public-read, public-read-write, and…
80. Canonical Name Record (CNAME) (CNAME) A type of resource record in the Domain Name System (DNS) that specifies that the domain name is an alias of another, canonical domain name.
81. canonicalization The process of converting data into a standard format that a service such as Amazon S3 can recognize.
82. Capacity Your ability to make your mortgage payments on time. This depends on your income and income stability (job history and security), your assets and savings…
83. Capacity on Demand Processing power that is available as needed in a timely manner without disrupting other business priorities.
84. capacity planning The process of determining which one of the 12 million potential configuration options on AWS a user should choose to optimize operations.
85. Cascading Cascading is an open-source Java library that provides a query API, a query planner, and a job scheduler for creating and running Hadoop MapReduce…
86. Catastrophe Theory A special branch of dynamical systems theory that studies and classifies phenomena characterized by sudden shifts in behavior arising from small changes…
87. CERN (Conseil Europeen pour la Recherche Nucleaire) The Conseil Europeen pour la Recherche Nucleaire is a European organization for nuclear research.
88. certificate Digital signature combining data verification and encryption key. See PKI Digital Signature.
89. Certificate Authority ( CA ) An entity that issues certificates. [fixme - flesh out]
90. Certificate Revocation List (CRL) A list of revoked certificates generated by the CA that originally issued them.
91. certificate subject An identifier for the certificate owner, e.g. "/DC=org/DC=doegrids/OU=People/CN=John Doe 123456".
92. chargeable resources Features or services whose use incurs fees. Although some AWS products are free, others include charges.
93. Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR) block (CIDR) An Internet protocol address allocation and route aggregation methodology. See Also http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CIDR_notation.
94. client Any computer system that requests a service of another computer system. A workstation requesting the contents of a file from a file server is a client of…
95. client-config.wsdd Axis client-side WSDD configuration file. It contains information about the type mappings, the transport and other handlers.
96. client/server transfer In a client/server transfer, there are only two entities involved in the transfer, the client entity and the server entity.
97. cloud app a software application that is never installed on a local machine - it's always accessed over the Internet.
98. cloud arcs short for cloud architectures. Designs for software applications that can be accessed and used over the Internet.
99. Cloud as a Service (CaaS) a cloud computing service that has been opened up into a platform that others can build upon.
100. cloud bridge running an application in such a way that its components are integrated within multiple cloud environments (which could be any combination of…