Science terms starting with C

1,236 terms

Cyclone Burner A furnace/combustion chamber in which finely ground fuel is blown in spirals in the combustion chamber to maximize combustion efficiency.
Cyclone movement Cyclone movement The spatial displacement of a center of low pressure caused by the local redistribution of mass in the atmosphere.
Cyclone separator A device used to remove particulate matter suspended in exhaust gases.
Cyclonic Circulation Circulation (or rotation) which is in the same sense as the Earth's rotation, i.e.
Cyclopean dam A gravity dam in which the mass masonry consists primarily of large one-man or derrick stone embedded in concrete.
Cylinder gate A gate that resembles a large barrel, reinforced to withstand external pressure, with no top or bottom.
cystic fibrosis A common hereditary disease in which exocrine (secretory) glands produce abnormally thick mucus.
cytidine The (ribo)nucleoside resulting from the combination of the base cytosine (C) and the sugar D-ribose.
cytidine triphosphate (cytidine 5'-triphosphate) See: CTP (1).
cytidylic acid Synonym for cytidine monophosphate (abbreviation: CMP), a (ribo)nucleotide containing the nucleoside cytidine.
cytochrome A class of pigments in plant and animal cells, usually in the mitochondria. They function as electron carriers in respiration.
cytochrome p450 A highly diversified set (more than 1500 known sequences) of heme-containing protein s.
cytogenetic map The visual appearance of a chromosome when stained and examined under a microscope.
Cytogenetics (SY-toh-jeh-NEH-tix) The study of chromosomes and chromosomal abnormalities.
cytokine (SY-toh-kine) A substance that is made by cells of the immune system. Some cytokines can boost the immune response and others can suppress it.
Cytokines A generic term for a large variety of regulatory proteins produced and secreted by cells and used to communicate with other cells.
cytokinesis Cytoplasmic division and other changes exclusive of nuclear division that are a part of mitosis or meiosis.
cytokinin Plant growth regulators characterized as substances that induce cell division and cell differentiation.
Cytological band An area of the chromosome that stains differently from areas around it. See also: cytological map
Cytological map A type of chromosome map whereby genes are located on the basis of cytological findings obtained with the aid of chromosome mutations.
cytology (sy-TAH-loh-jee) The study of cells using a microscope.
cytolysis Cell disintegration.
Cytoplasm (SY-toh-PLA-zum) The fluid inside a cell but outside the cell's nucleus. Most chemical reactions in a cell take place in the cytoplasm.
Cytoplasmic (uniparental) inheritance See: cytoplasmic trait
cytoplasmic genes Genes located on DNA outside the nucleus, i.e. on plastids.
cytoplasmic inheritance Hereditary transmission dependent on cytoplasmic genes.
cytoplasmic male sterility Genetic defect due to faulty functioning of mitochondria in pollen development, preventing the formation of viable pollen.
cytoplasmic organelles Discrete sub-cellular structures located in the cytoplasm of cells - mitochondria, plastids and lysosomes.
Cytoplasmic trait A genetic characteristic in which the genes are found outside the nucleus, in chloroplasts or mitochondria.
cytosine (Abbreviation: C). One the bases found in DNA and RNA. See: cytidine.
Cytosine (C) A nitrogenous base, one member of the base pair GC (guanine and cytosine) in DNA. See also: base pair, nucleotide
cytosol The fluid portion of the cytoplasm, i.e. the cytoplasm minus its organelles.
cytotoxic T cell (SY-toh-TOK-sik ... sel) A type of white blood cell that can directly destroy specific cells.
cytotoxicity Poisoning of the cell.
cytotype A maternally inherited cellular condition in Drosophila that regulates the activity of transposable P elements.
Czochralski Process A method of growing large size, high quality semiconductor crystal by slowly lifting a seed crystal from a molten bath of the material under careful…