Science — page 54 of 132

13,110 terms including subtopics (0 terms filed directly here)

Subtopics

Science terms

  1. Graminoid herbaceous A grass or plant of similar growth form, such as sedges, rushes, and others.
  2. Grandfathered rights In Arizona, grandfathered water rights are based on historic use of groundwater for five years prior to the designation of an Active Management Area.
  3. Granite A coarse-grained felsic intrusive (or plutonic) igneous rock with at least 65% silica.
  4. Granitic General term for all light-colored, granite-like igneous rocks.
  5. Granodiorite Coarse-grained intrusive igneous rock with less quartz and more feldspar than true granite and typically darker.
  6. Granodiorites A plutonic igneous rock, formed by an intrusion of silica-rich magma, which cools in batholiths or stocks below the Earth's surface.
  7. Granulation In solar-terrestrial terms, the cellular structure of the photosphere visible at high spatial resolution.
  8. Granules Short-lived cells of plasma that carry heat to the Sun’s surface via convection (rising and falling).
  9. Granulocyte (GRAN-yoo-loh-SITE) A type of white blood cell that fights bacterial infection. Neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils are granulocytes.
  10. Granulose cells Cells surrounding and maintaining the ovarian follicle.
  11. granum (pl.: grana) Structure within the chloroplasts, appear as green granules with the light microscope and as a series of parallel lamellae with the electron…
  12. Graphic Information Systems (GIS) (GIS) GIS technology is used to develop maps that depict resources or features such as soil types, population densities, land uses, transportation corridors…
  13. Grapple A clamshell-type bucket having three or more jaws.
  14. GRAS Abbreviation for generally regarded as safe.
  15. Grassland Terrestrial ecosystem (biome) found in regions where moderate annual average precipitation (25 to 76 centimeters or 10 to 30 inches) is enough to support…
  16. Grasslands Grasslands are characterized as lands dominated by grasses rather than large shrubs or trees.
  17. gratuitous inducer A substance that can induce transcription of a gene or genes, but is not a substrate for the induced enzyme(s).
  18. Graupel Same as snow pellets or small hail.
  19. Gravel Loose rounded fragments of rock that will pass a 3-inch sieve and be retained on a No. 4 U.S. Standard sieve (3/16 inch).
  20. Gravel blanket Thin layer of gravel spread over an area either of natural ground, excavated surface, or embankment.
  21. Gravel surfacing Layer of gravel spread over an area intended for vehicular or personnel traffic, such as roads, parking lots and sidewalks.
  22. Gravelfill Gravel used to fill holes or spaces.
  23. Graver A small tool with a sharp tip that was used to engrave bone, stone, wood, or other materials.
  24. Gravitational Attraction The interaction of particles due to their mass/energy.
  25. gravitropism See: geotropism.
  26. Gravity arch dam A dam designed to combine load resisting features of both a gravity and arch type dam.
  27. Gravity Dam A dam constructed of concrete and/or masonry which relies on its weight and internal strength for stability.
  28. Gravity irrigation Irrigation method that applies irrigation water to fields by letting it flow from a higher level supply canal through ditches or furrows to fields at a…
  29. Gravity Wave A wave created by the action of gravity on density variations in the stratified atmosphere.
  30. gray The special name for the unit that expresses a measure of absorbed dose. One gray corresponds to an energy deposition of one joule per kg of living tissue.
  31. Gray water Wastewater other than sewage, such as sink and bath drainage or washing machine discharge.
  32. Graybody A hypothetical "body" that absorbs some constant fraction of all electromagnetic radiation incident upon it.
  33. Grazing Consumption of native forage from rangelands or pastures by livestock or wildlife.
  34. Grazing allotment An area where one or more livestock operators graze their livestock. An allotment generally consists of federal land but may include parcels of private or…
  35. Grazing lease An authorization that permits the grazing of livestock on public lands outside the grazing districts during a specified period of time (Section 15 of the…
  36. GRDL Gradual
  37. Great Basin An area covering most of Nevada and much of western Utah, as well as portions of southern Oregon and southeastern California, consisting primarily of…
  38. Great Circle Track A great-circle track is the shortest distance between two points on a sphere, and when viewed on a 2-dimensional map the track will appear curved.
  39. Great Lakes Faxback Dissemination systems housed at Weather Forecast Office (WFO) Cleveland by which Great Lakes customers request and receive hard copies of selected marine…
  40. Great Lakes Freeze-Up/Break-Up Outlook (FBO) - A National Weather Service product to keep mariners informed of the projected freeze-up date or break-up date of ice on the Great Lakes.
  41. Great Lakes Marine Forecast (MAFOR) A National Weather Service coded summary appended to each of the Great Lakes Open Lakes forecasts.
  42. Great Lakes Storm Summary (GLS) - A National Weather Service forecast product providing updated information whenever a storm warning is in effect on any of the Great Lakes.
  43. Great Lakes Weather Broadcast (LAWEB) - A National Weather Service product containing an observation summary prepared to provide Great Lakes mariners with a listing of weather…
  44. Green Building or Green Design Building design that yields environmental benefits, such as savings in energy, building materials, and water consumption, or reduced waste generation.
  45. Green Certificates Green certificates represent the environmental attributes of power produced from renewable resources.
  46. Green Fluorescent Protein (Abbreviation: GFP). A protein derived from a species of jelly fish, that fluoresces when exposed to ultra violet light.
  47. Green fluorescent protein (GFP) Fluorescent-protein dye used to tag and trace particular genes and cells of interest.
  48. Green Line The green line is one of the strongest (and first-recognized) visible coronal lines. It identifies moderate temperature regions of the CORONA.
  49. Green logging The logging of timber that is still alive.
  50. Green Power A popular term for energy produced from clean, renewable energy resources.
  51. Green Pricing A practice engaged in by some regulated utilities (i.e. power providers) where electricity produced from clean, renewable resources is sold at a higher…
  52. Green revolution Advances in genetics, petrochemicals, and machinery that culminated in a dramatic increase in crop productivity during the third quarter of the 20th…
  53. Green ton 2,000 pounds of undried biomass material. Moisture content must be specified if green tons are used as a measure of fuel energy.
  54. Greenfields Newly developed commercial real estate on what was previously undeveloped open space.
  55. Greenhouse Effect A popular term used to describe the heating effect due to the trapping of long wave (length) radiation by greenhouse gases produced from natural and human…
  56. Greenhouse Gas Some greenhouse gases, which contribute to the greenhouse effect, occur naturally in the atmosphere while others result from human activities such as the…
  57. Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Any gas that absorbs infrared radiation in the atmosphere. Greenhouse gases include, but are not limited to, water vapor, carbon dioxide (CO2), methane…
  58. Greenhouse gase (GHG) (GHG) Heat-trapping gases that cause global warming. Natural and human-made greenhouse gases include water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrogen oxides…
  59. Greenhouse Gases Those gases, such as water vapor, carbon dioxide, tropospheric ozone, methane, and low level ozone that are transparent to solar radiation, but opaque to…
  60. Greenland High Greenland High The anticyclone that appears to overlie Greenland; analogous to the Antarctic anticyclone.
  61. Greenway A linear open space; a corridor composed of natural vegetation. Greenways can be used to create connected networks of open space that include traditional…
  62. Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) (GMT) Same as Coordinated Universal Time (UTC); the international time standard kept at Greenwich, England.
  63. Greenwood Freshly cut, unseasoned, wood.
  64. Greywater Waste water from a household source other than a toilet. This water can be used for landscape irrigation depending upon the source of the greywater.
  65. GRIB (Gridded Binary Format) - A format used for meteorological data. Typically used in the past for computer generated model data but will be used…
  66. Grid A common term referring to an electricity transmission and distribution system.
  67. Grid connection Joining a plant that generates electric power to a utility system so that electricity can flow in either direction between the utility system and the…
  68. Grid operator An entity that oversees the delivery of electricity over the grid to the customer, ensuring reliability and safety.
  69. Grid-Connected System Independent power systems that are connected to an electricity transmission and distribution system (referred to as the electricity grid) such that the…
  70. Grids 1) Squared off areas across the terrain used to define forecast areas. Often 5x5 or 2.5x2.5 kilometer in size.
  71. Grizzly (grizzlie) A coarse screen used to remove oversize pieces from earth or blasted rock. A gate or closure on a chute.
  72. Gro-luxä A wide-spectrum fluorescent lamp suitable for artificial light for plant growth.
  73. Groin The area where the thigh meets the abdomen.
  74. Gross Calorific Value The heat produced by combusting a specific quantity and volume of fuel in an oxygen-bomb colorimeter under specific conditions.
  75. Gross crop value This value is the sum of annual receipts from sale of crops produced. Production of crops, such as pasture and hay which normally are consumed on the farm…
  76. Gross Generation The total amount of electricity produced by a power plant.
  77. gross heat of combustion see higher heating value
  78. Gross heating value (GHV) (GHV) The maximum potential energy in the fuel as received, considering moisture content (MC). It reflects the heat used to evaporate moisture.
  79. Gross Vehicle Weight Rating (GVWR) (GVWR) The maximum weight of a vehicle, including curb weight (the weight of the vehicle on its own) and payload (the weight of cargo).
  80. Ground A device used to protect the user of any electrical system or appliance from shock.
  81. Ground Blizzard Warning When blizzard conditions are solely caused by blowing and drifting snow.
  82. Ground Clutter A pattern of radar echoes from fixed ground targets (buildings, hills, etc.) near the radar.
  83. Ground failure Permanent ground displacement capable of damaging structures that may occur as a result of differential settlement, liquefaction, lateral spreading, or…
  84. Ground fault mats Mats made of insulating materials that do not conduct electricity.
  85. Ground Fog (abbrev. GF) Fog produced over the land by the cooling of the lower atmosphere as it comes in contact with the ground.
  86. Ground Heat Flux The flux of heat from the ground to the earth's surface; a component of the surface energy budget.
  87. Ground Loop In geothermal heat pump systems, a series of fluid-filled plastic pipes buried in the shallow ground, or placed in a body of water, near a building.
  88. Ground motion A general term including all aspects of ground motion, namely particle acceleration, velocity, or displacement, from an earthquake or other energy source.
  89. Ground motion (shaking) The movement of the Earth's surface from earthquakes. Ground motion is produced by seismic waves that are generated by a sudden slip on a fault and travel…
  90. Ground motion parameters Numerical values representing vibratory ground motion, such as particle acceleration, velocity, and displacement, frequency content, predominant period…
  91. Ground receive sites A satellite dish and associated computer which receives signals from the GOES satellite, decodes the information, and transmits it to a another site for…
  92. Ground Reflection Solar radiation reflected from the ground onto a solar collector.
  93. Ground Stroke The current that propagates along the ground from the point where a direct stroke of lightning hits the ground.
  94. Ground Water Water that flows or seeps downward and saturates soil or rock, supplying springs and wells.
  95. Ground Water Divide A line on a water table where on either side of which the water table slopes downward.
  96. Ground Water Flow Streamflow which results from precipitation that infiltrates into the soil and eventually moves through the soil to the stream channel.
  97. Ground Water Hydrology The branch of hydrology that specializes in ground water; its occurrence and movements; its replenishment and depletion; the properties of rocks that…
  98. Ground Water Mining Pumping ground water from a basin where the safe yield is very small, thereby extracting ground water which had accumulated over a long period of time.
  99. Ground water mining (overdraft) Pumping of ground water for irrigation or other uses, at rates faster than the rate at which the ground water is being recharged.
  100. Ground Water Outflow That part of the discharge from a drainage basin that occurs through the ground water.