annotatorA software component that performs specific linguistic analysis tasks and produces and records annotations.
announce site to search engines"Announce" a website to the engines by adding a link to it from another site; that is, one that's already indexed (by the search engines). Beware!
annualized loss expectancyprobable annual dollar loss associated with the loss of a specific vital records series Note: The total expected annual loss to an organization is the sum…
ANOMALOUS PROPAGATION (AP)Non-standard atmospheric temperature or moisture gradients will cause all or part of the radar beam to propagate along a non-normal path.
anonymousUsed to describe a "referent" that is not directly accessible through a named "variable".
anonymous accessA type of access that allows users and servers to access a server without first authenticating with it.
anonymous arrayAn array created without an identifier. An anonymous array is usually created as an actual argument, for instance // Create an anonymous array of integers.
Anonymous authenticationAuthentication method that provides access to users who do not have user accounts on the server computer.
anonymous callA 7- or 10-digit call to the directory number of the public service answering point (PSAP) (where applicable) causing the E911 system (emergency 9-1-1…
anonymous classAn unnamed class. When restrictions are used to describe classes, they actually specify anonymous superclasses of the class being described.
anonymous FTPThe name of a file-transfer protocol that allows a user on one host to access and transfer files to and from another host over a network. [After 2382-pt.
anonymous objectAn object created without an identifier. They are usually created as array elements, actual arguments or method results.
anonymous userA non-validated user who is not recognized by the server, and who can access only published folders and address lists. [Exchange 2003]
Anonymous user accessThe ability to gain access to a Web server on which one does not have an account.
ANSThe part of the nervous system that controls muscles of internal organs (such as the heart, blood vessels, lungs, stomach, and intestines) and glands…
ANSIAmerican National Standards Institute - a private, non-profit organization that administers and coordinates the U.S.
ANSI (American National Standards Institute)A private, non-profit organization that administers and coordinates the U.S. voluntary standardization and conformity assessment system.
ANSI/EIA/TIA-568A U.S. industry standard that specifies a generic telecommunications cabling system, which will support a multiproduct, multivendor environment, for…
answer backA signal sent by receiving equipment to the sending station to indicate that the receiver is ready to accept transmission.
Answer FileA file that automates Windows Setup. This file enables the configuration of Windows settings, the addition and removal of components, and many Windows…
answer indicatorA signal indicating acceptance of the call by the addressed user. [T1.507-1996]
answer signalA supervisory signal returned from the called telephone to the originating switch when the call receiver answers.
Answer/Disconnect SupervisionThe term "Answer/Disconnect Supervision" denotes the transmission of the switch trunk equipment supervisory signal (off-hook or on-hook) to the customer's…
antennaAny structure or device used to collect or radiate electromagnetic waves. 2. A device that converts radio frequency electrical energy to radiated…
Antenna AreaThe ratio of the power available at the terminals of an antenna to the incident power density of a plane wave from the direction polarized.
antenna arrayAn assembly of antenna elements with dimensions, spacing, and illumination sequence such that the fields for the individual elements combine to produce a…
antenna blind coneThe volume of space, usually approximately conical with its vertex at the antenna, that cannot be scanned by an antenna because of limitations of the…
antenna couplerA device used to match the impedance of a transmitter and/or receiver to an antenna to provide maximum power transfer.
antenna dissipative lossA power loss resulting from changes in the measurable impedance of a practical antenna from a value theoretically calculated for a perfect antenna.
antenna effective areaThe functionally equivalent area from which an antenna directed toward the source of the received signal gathers or absorbs the energy of an incident…
antenna efficiencyThe ratio of the total radiated power to the total input power. Note: The total radiated power is the total input power less antenna dissipative losses.
antenna electrical beam tiltThe shaping of the radiation pattern in the vertical plane of a transmitting antenna by electrical means so that maximum radiation occurs at an angle…
ANTENNA GAINThe measure of effectiveness of a directional antenna as compared to an isotropic radiator, maximum value is called antenna gain by convention.
antenna gain-to-noise-temperature (G/T)In the characterization of antenna performance, a figure of merit, where G is the antenna gain in decibels at the receive frequency, and T is the…
antenna height above average terrainThe antenna height above the average terrain elevations from 3.2 to 16 kilometers (2 to 10 miles) from the antenna for the eight directions spaced evenly…
antenna lobeA three-dimensional section of the radiation pattern of a directional antenna, bounded by one or more cones of nulls or by regions of diminished…
antenna matchingThe process of adjusting impedance so that the input impedance of an antenna equals or approximates the characteristic impedance of its transmission line…
antenna noise temperatureThe temperature of a hypothetical resistor at the input of an ideal noise-free receiver that would generate the same output noise power per unit bandwidth…
Anti-Ballistic Missile (ABM)The term used for Ballistic Missile Defense (BMD) weapons developed to negate the ballistic missile threat in the late 60s and early 70s.
anti-hammeringA type of software or hardware methods that increase the difficulty and cost of a key search attack on a PIN or password.
anti-interferencePertaining to equipment, processes, or techniques used to reduce the effect of natural and man-made noise on radio communications.
anti-jamMeasures ensuring that intended transmitted information can be received despite deliberate jamming attempts. [INFOSEC-99]
anti-nodeA point in a standing wave at which the amplitude is a maximum.
Anti-phrasingIdentifying word sequences in queries that do not contribute essentially to the query's meaning, such as "Where can I find" or "Where is".
Anti-SimulationThe process of introducing random variations to the signature characteristics of an object in order to cause misidentification of the object by the…
anti-spam stampingFunctionality in Exchange Server 2007 that helps the messaging administrator diagnose spam-related problems by applying diagnostic metadata, or "stamps,"…
anti-spoofMeasures taken to prevent an unauthorized person/entity from impersonating an authorized person/entity to gain access to a data system. [DoJ] 2.
anti-virus programA computer program designed to detect computer-file viruses and possibly to suggest or take corrective action. Synonym vaccine program. [After 2382-pt.8]
Antiair WarfareAction required to destroy or reduce to an acceptable level the enemy air and missile threat.
Antireflection CoatingA thin coating of a material applied to a photovoltaic cell surface that reduces the light reflection and increases light transmission.
Antisatellite Weapon (ASAT)A weapon designed to destroy satellites in space. The weapon may be launched from the ground, from an aircraft, or be based in space.
Antivirus SoftwareA program that monitors a computer or network to identify all major types of malware and prevent or contain malware incidents.
antivirus stampingA mechanism that helps reduce the volume of antivirus scanning that is required across an organization by stamping messages that have been scanned for…
anycallIn adaptive high-frequency (HF) radio automatic link establishment, a broadcast in which (a) the called stations are unspecified, (b) stations receiving…
aperiodic antennaAn antenna designed to have an approximately constant input impedance over a wide range of frequencies.
ApertureAn opening; in solar collectors, the area through which solar radiation is admitted and directed to the absorber.
aperture cardAn IBM punch card with a window which holds a 35mm frame of microfilm. Indexing information is punched in the card.
aperture correction1. In a scanned image system, electrical compensation for the distortion introduced by the limiting size of a scanning aperture. [IEEE 100; After SMPTE] 2.
aperture distortionIn facsimile, the distortion of the recorded image caused by the shape and finite size of the scanning and recording apertures.
aperture illumination1. The field distribution, in amplitude and phase, over the antenna physical aperture. 2.
aperture-to-medium coupling lossThe difference between the theoretical gain of a very large antenna, such as the antennas in beyond-the-horizon microwave links, and the gain that can be…
APEXThe portion of a root or shoot containing the primary or apical meristem.
API (Application Program Interface)A language and message format used by an application program to communicate with the operating system or some other control program such as a database…
API (Application Programming Interface)A set of functions that gives programmers access to another application's internal features from within their own application.