crackerSomeone who breaks security on computer systems. A cracker may be a true "hacker" or only a "script kiddie".
Cracking (also Crackers)Discovering passwords by various methods; more generally gaining unauthorized access to secured computers or data.
CRADACooperative Research and Development Agreement.
CRAM(1) Control Random Access Memory. (2) Cross-tie Random Access Memory (Computer term).
crammingA practice in which customers are billed for enhanced features such as voice mail, caller-ID and call-waiting that they have not ordered.
crawlSearch content to include it in an index. See also: build, content source, inclusion/exclusion rules
Crawl DepthHow deeply a website is crawled and indexed. Since searches which are longer in nature tend to be more targeted in nature it is important to try to get…
Crawl FrequencyHow frequently a website is crawled. Sites which are well trusted or frequently updated may be crawled more frequently than sites with low trust scores…
crawl spaceA set of sources that match specified patterns (such as database names, file system paths, domain names, IP addresses, and URLs) that a crawler reads from…
CrawlerA software program that retrieves documents from data sources and gathers information that can be used to create search indexes.
CrawlingThe act of accessing Web servers and/or file systems in order to extract information to feed into the enterprise search platform.
CRC errorCyclic Redundancy Check error. A type of transmission error that may occur due to faulty network hardware, cabling, network interface cards, switch ports…
CRDACooperative Research and Development Agreement.
create access listA list that restricts a form, so that only specified users can create documents using the form.
create methodA method defined in the home interface and invoked by a client to create an enterprise bean.
creating agencyan agency that produced or received and retained a record and that is responsible for such records proper administration and disposition; also referred to…
creatorThe organization or person responsible for the creation, accumulation, or maintenance of a series of documentary material when in working (primary) use.
credShort for "credential." Access to files and directories is determined by the credentials of the requesting user.
credentialDetailed information, which is acquired during authentication, that describes the user, any group associations, and other security-related identity…
credential promptA dialog box that appears when a user is requested to confirm whether an administrative process should be permitted to start.
credentialsAlso called access credentials or security credentials. In authentication and authorization, a system uses credentials to identify who is making a call…
Credentials Service Provider (CSP)A trusted entity that issues or registers subscriber tokens and issues electronic credentials to subscribers.
CRENAbbreviation for Corporation for Research and Educational Networking. The organization resulting from the merger of BITNET and the academic computer…
crest factorThe peak-to-rms voltage ratio of an alternating current (ac) signal. [T1.401-1988]
CRIClassification, Recognition and Identification.
CricketA Web-based system that uses SNMP for monitoring trends in time-series data. See also "MRTG."
CRISDComputer Resources Integrated Support Document 65
Criteriastandards against which compliance is evaluated. The criteria are used to evaluate whether the laboratory activity meets the standard.
critical angleIn geometric optics, at a refractive boundary, the smallest angle of incidence at which total internal reflection occurs.
critical areaAn operational area that requires specific environmental control because of the equipment or information contained therein.
Critical Design Review (CDR)A review conducted to determine that the detailed design satisfies the performance and engineering requirements of the development specification; to…
critical frequencyIn radio propagation by way of the ionosphere, the limiting frequency at or below which a wave component is reflected by, and above which it penetrates…
Critical InformationSpecific facts about friendly intentions, capabilities, and activities vitally needed by adversaries for them to plan and act effectively so as to…
critical infrastructureElements of a system that are so vital that disabling any of them would incapacitate the entire system. 2.
Critical Intelligence ParameterA threat capability or threshold established by the program, changes to which could critically impact on the effectiveness and survivability of the…
Critical IssuesThose aspects of a systems capability, either operational, technical, or other, that must be questioned before a systems overall suitability can be known…
critical mechanismA mechanism within a Target of Evaluation whose failure would create a security weakness [ITSEC].
Critical Operational IssueA key operational effectiveness or operational suitability issue that must be examined in operational test and evaluation to determine the systems…
Critical Path MethodA technique that aids dependency of other activities and the time required to complete.
Critical RiskThe existence of a vulnerability that could cause exceptionally grave damage to the viability or the operational effectiveness of the SDS.
critical sectionA section of code in which there is potential for a race hazard. Critical sections make use of the synchronized methods or statements.
Critical Security ParameterSecurity-related information (e.g., secret and private cryptographic keys, and authentication data such as passwords and Personal Identification Numbers…
Critical Security RiskThe existence of a security vulnerability that, if exploited by an adversary, could cause exceptionally grave damage to the viability of the BMD or the…
Critical Supporting TechnologyA technology that program management personnel consider a critical part of the program being described.
critical technical loadThat part of the total technical power load required for synchronous communications and automatic switching equipment.
critical wavelengthThe free-space wavelength that corresponds to the critical frequency. Note: The critical wavelength is equal, in meters, to the speed of light (3 × 108…
Criticality LevelRefers to the (consequences of) incorrect behavior of a system. The more serious the expected direct and indirect effects of incorrect behavior, the…
CRLAbbreviation for certificate revocation list. In cryptography, a list of revoked certificates.
CRL (Certificate Revocation List)A list of Internet certificates that have been revoked. CRLs are issued regularly by Internet certifiers.
CRM (Certified Records Manager)A professional records manager who has satisfactorily passed the certified records manager examination administered by the Institute of Certified Records…
cross assemblerAn assembler that can run symbolic-language input on one type of computer and produce machine-language output for another type of computer.
cross certificationEnables organizations to establish trust with other organizations so that users can verify the digital signature of messages sent by users in other…
cross couplingThe coupling of a signal from one channel, circuit, or conductor to another, where it is usually considered to be an undesired signal.
cross modulationIntermodulation caused by the modulation of the carrier of a desired signal by an undesired signal.
cross office checkA check made across the exchange to verify that an acceptable speech path exists. [T1.226-1992]
cross referenceA reference (issued patent) in another class or subclass, or a reference made in a later-filed patent application to a related, earlier-filed application.
cross-band radiotelegraph procedureA radiotelegraph network operational procedure in which calling stations, such as ship stations, call other stations, such as shore stations, using one…
Cross-CertificateDomino uses two types of cross-certificates: Notes and Internet. Notes cross-certificates allow users in different hierarchically certified organizations…
cross-connectionConnections between terminal blocks on the two sides of a distribution frame, or between terminals on a terminal block.
cross-office trunkA trunk that has its terminations within a single facility.
cross-platformPertaining to software that will run on more than one operating system (i.e., on more than one platform).
cross-polarized operationThe operation of two transmitters on the same frequency, but with polarizations in the opposite sense, e.g.
cross-site groupA custom security group that applies to more than one Web site. A cross-site group can be assigned to a site group as if it were a single user.
cross-site linkIn a satellite communications system, the signal power and control connections between the components of an Earth station.
cross-tile indexingA method used to index features that cross tile boundaries. Features that cross tile boundaries are stored as one or more features in each tile instead of…
crossbar switchA switch that has a plurality of vertical paths, a plurality of horizontal paths, and electromagnetic means, i.e.
crossfade1. In audio programming, recording, or mixing, to combine signals in such a manner that one channel or source fades out as another fades in, while…
crosspointA single element that (a) is in the array of elements that compose a switch and (b) consists of a set of physical or logical contacts that operate…
crosstalk (XT)1. Undesired coupling of a signal from one circuit, part of a circuit, or channel, to another. 2.
crosstalk couplingThe ratio of the power in a disturbing circuit to the induced power in the disturbed circuit observed at specified points of the circuits under specified…
Cryptanalysis1) Operations performed in defeating cryptographic protection without an initial knowledge of the key employed in providing the protection.